List of state leaders in 1920
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This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1920.
Africa
-
Dervish state (unrecognized state)
- was integrated into British Somaliland in February 1920
- Monarch - Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, Leader of the Dervish State (1896–1920)
-
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Ethiopia
- Monarch - Zewditu, Empress of Ethiopia (1916–1930)
- Regent - Ras Tafari Makonnen, Regent of Ethiopia (1916–1930)
- Chief Minister - Habte Giyorgis Dinagde, Chief Minister of Ethiopia (1909–1927)
-
Liberia
- President -
- Daniel Edward Howard, President of Liberia (1912–1920)
- Charles D. B. King, President of Liberia (1920–1930)
- President -
-
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South Africa
- Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor-General -
- Sydney Buxton, Earl Buxton, Governor-General of South Africa (1914–1920)
- Prince Arthur of Connaught, Governor-General of South Africa (1920–1924)
- Prime Minister - Jan Smuts, Prime Minister of South Africa (1919–1924)
-
Tripolitania (unrecognized secessionist state)
- Head of State - Ahmad Tahir al-Murayyid, Chairman of the Central Reform Board of Tripolitania[1] (1918–1923)
Asia
-
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Afghanistan
- Monarch - Amanullah Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1919–1929)
-
Asir
- Monarch - Muhammad ibn Ali al-Idrisi, Emir of Asir (1909–1923)
-
Bukhara
- the Emirate of Bukhara was superseded by the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic on 8 October 1920
- Monarch - Mohammed Alim Khan, Emir of Bukhara (1911–1920)
- Communist Party Leader - Aslamhodzha Umarhodzhayev, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Bukhara (1920–1921)
- Republican Head of State - Mirza Abdulqodir Mansurovich Mukhitdinov, Chairman of the Central Revolutionary Committee of Bukhara (1920–1921)
- Premier - Polat Khodzhayev, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Bukhara (1920–1921)
- China
.svg.png)
Beiyang Government
- President - Xu Shichang, President of China (1918–1922)
- Premier -
- Jin Yunpeng, Premier of State Council of China (1919–1920)
- Sa Zhenbing, Premier of State Council of China (1920)
- Jin Yunpeng, Premier of State Council of China (1920–1921)
Nationalist Government
- Head of State -
- Cen Chunxuan, Chairman of the Governing Committee of the Military Government of China (1918–1920)
- Governing Committee of the Military Government, Head of State of China (1920–1921)
- Head of State -
Tibet (unrecognized, de facto independent country)
- Monarch - Thubten Gyatso, Dalai Lama (1879–1933)
-
Far Eastern Republic
- declared independence on 6 April 1920
- Head of State - Alexander Krasnoshchyokov, Chairman of the Government of the Far Eastern Republic (1920–1921)
- Premier -
-
Hejaz
- Monarch - Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz (1908–1924)[2]
-
Jabal Shammar
- Monarch -
- Saud bin Abdulaziz, Emir of Jabal Shammar (1910–1920)
- ʿAbdullah bin Mutʿib, Emir of Jabal Shammar (1920–1921)
- Monarch -
-
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Japan
- Monarch - Yoshihito, Emperor of Japan (1912–1926)
- Prime Minister - Hara Takashi, Prime Minister of Japan (1918–1921)
- Khiva
- see under Khorezm
-
Khorezm
- the Khanate of Khiva was superseded by the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic on 8 October 1920
- Monarch - Sayid Abdullah, Khan of Khiva (1918–1920)
- Communist Party Leader -
- Alimdzhan Akchurin, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Khorezm (1920)
- Mulla Sultanmuradov, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Khorezm (1920–1921)
- Republican Head of State -
- Hoji Pahlavon Niyoz Yusuf, Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of Khorezm (1920)
- Jumaniyoz Sulton Muradoghli, Chairman of the Provisional Government of Khorezm (1920)
- Hoji Pahlavon Niyoz Yusuf, Chairman of the Presidium of the Assembly of People's Representatives of Khorezm (1920–1921)
- Premier - Muhammed Salimoglu, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Khorezm (1920–1921)
-
Muscat and Oman
- Monarch - Taimur bin Feisal, Sultan of Muscat and Oman (1913–1932)
-
Nejd and Hasa
-
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Nepal
- Monarch - Tribhuvan, King of Nepal (1911–1950)
- Prime Minister - Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Maharaja of Lamjung and Kaski, Prime Minister of Nepal (1901–1929)
-
Ottoman Empire
- Monarch - Mehmed VI, Emperor of the Ottomans (1918–1922)
- Head of Government -
-
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Syria (unrecognized state)
- claimed independence between 8 March and 24 July 1920
- Monarch - Faisal, King of Syria (1920)
- Prime Minister -
- Rida al-Rikabi, Prime Minister of Syria (1920)
- Hashim al-Atassi, Prime Minister of Syria (1920)
-
.svg.png)
Persia
- Monarch - Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia (1909–1925)
- Prime Minister -
- Hassan Pirnia, Prime Minister of Persia (1918–1920)
- Fathollah Khan Akbar, Prime Minister of Persia (1920–1921)
-
Gilan (Persian Socialist Soviet Republic) (unrecognized state)
- independence declared on 5 June 1920
- President - Ihsan Allah Khan, President of the Persia (1920–1921)
-
Siam
- Monarch - Vajiravudh, King of Siam (1910–1925)
-
Yemen (unrecognized state)
- Monarch - Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din, Imam of Yemen (1904–1948)[4]
Australia and Oceania
-
Australia
- Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor-General -
- Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson, Governor-General of Australia (1914–1920)
- Henry Forster, Baron Forster, Governor-General of Australia (1920–1925)
- Prime Minister - Billy Hughes, Prime Minister of Australia (1915–1923)
-
New Zealand
- Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor-General -
- Prime Minister - William Massey, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1912–1925)
Europe
-
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.svg.png)
Albania
- Italian-invaded Albania reverted to the Principality of Albania on 2 August 1920
- Head of State -
- Prime Minister - Iliaz Vrioni, Prime Minister of Albania (1920–1921)
-
Andorra
- Monarchs -
- French Co-Prince -
- Raymond Poincaré, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1913–1920)
- Paul Deschanel, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1920)
- Alexandre Millerand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1920–1924)
- Co-Prince's Representative - Charles Romeu (1887–1933)
- Episcopal Co-Prince -
- Jaume Viladrich i Gaspa, Acting Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1919–1920)
- Justí Guitart i Vilardebó, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1920–1940)
- Co-Prince's Representative - Joseph de Riba (1915–1933)
- French Co-Prince -
- First Syndic -
- Josep Vilanova, First Syndic of Andorra (1918–1920)
- Josep Grepa, Acting First Syndic of Andorra (1920)
- Bonaventura Villarubia, First Syndic of Andorra (1920–1923)
- Monarchs -
-
Armenia
- the First Republic of Armenia was superseded by the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic on 2 December 1920
- Communist Party Leader - Gevork Alikhanyan, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia (1920–1921)
- Head of State -
- Prime Minister -
- Alexander Khatisyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1919–1920)
- Hamo Ohanjanyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1920)
- Simon Vratsian, Prime Minister of Armenia (1920)
-
Austria
- President -
- Karl Seitz, President of the Constituent National Assembly of Austria (1919–1920)
- Michael Hainisch, Federal President of Austria (1920–1928)
- Chancellor -
- Karl Renner, Chancellor of Austria (1918–1920)
- Michael Mayr, Federal Chancellor of Austria[6] (1920–1921)
- President -
-
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Azerbaijan
- the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was superseded by the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic on 28 April 1920
- Communist Party Leader -
- Head of State -
- Prime Minister - Nasib Yusifbeyli, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1919–1920)
-
Belgium
- Monarch - Albert I, King of the Belgians (1909–1934)
- Prime Minister -
- Léon Delacroix, Prime Minister of Belgium (1918–1920)
- Henri Carton de Wiart, Prime Minister of Belgium (1920–1921)
-
Bulgaria
- Monarch - Boris III, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1918–1943)
- Premier - Aleksandar Stamboliyski, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1919–1923)
-
.svg.png)
Byelorussia
- the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic was declared on 1 August 1920
- Communist Party Leader - Vilhelm Knorin, First secretary of the Byelorussian Communist Party (1920–1923)
- Head of State -
- Pyotra Krecheuski, Chairman of the Government of Belarus (rival government) (1919–1920)
- Jan Sierada, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Belarus (rival government) (1919–1920)
- Alexander Chervyakov, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Byelorussia (1920–1937)
- Premier -
-
Czechoslovakia
- President - Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia (1918–1935)
- Prime Minister -
- Vlastimil Tusar, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1919–1920)
- Jan Černý, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1920–1921)
- Carnaro
- see under Fiume
-
Danzig (free city under League of Nations protection)
- was established on 15 November 1920
- High Commissioner - Bernardo Attolico, League of Nations High Commissioner for Danzig (1920–1921)
- Head of State - Heinrich Sahm, President of the Senate of Danzig (1920–1931)
-
Denmark
- Monarch - Christian X, King of Denmark (1912–1947)
- Prime Minister -
- Carl Theodor Zahle, Prime Minister of Denmark (1913–1920)
- Otto Liebe, Prime Minister of Denmark (1920)
- Michael Pedersen Friis, Prime Minister of Denmark (1920)
- Niels Neergaard, Prime Minister of Denmark (1920–1924)
-
Estonia
- Head of State -
- Jaan Tõnisson, Prime Minister of Estonia (1919–1920)
- Ado Birk, Prime Minister of Estonia (1920)
- Jaan Tõnisson, Prime Minister of Estonia (1920)
- Ants Piip, State Elder of Estonia[7] (1920–1921)
- Head of State -
-
.svg.png)
Finland
- President - Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, President of Finland (1919–1925)
- Prime Minister -
- Juho Vennola, Prime Minister of Finland (1919–1920)
- Rafael Erich, Prime Minister of Finland (1920–1921)
-
.svg.png)
Fiume
- the unrecognized Italian Regency of Carnaro was proclaimed on 8 September 1920, but was superseded by the Free State of Fiume on 31 December 1920
- Head of State -
- Gabriele d'Annunzio, Primo Rettore of Carnaro (1920)
- Riccardo Gigante, President of the Municipal Council of Fiume (1920)
- Antonio Grossich, Chairman of the Provisional Government of Fiume (1920–1921)
-
France
- President -
- Raymond Poincaré, President of France (1913–1920)
- Paul Deschanel, President of France (1920)
- Alexandre Millerand, President of France (1920–1924)
- Prime Minister -
- President -
-
.svg.png)
Georgia
- Head of State - Nikolay Chkheidze, Chairman of the Constituent Assembly of Georgia (1919–1921)
- Prime Minister - Noe Zhordania, Prime Minister of Georgia (1918–1921)
-
.svg.png)
Germany
- President - Friedrich Ebert, President of Germany (1919–1925)
- Chancellor -
- Gustav Bauer, Chancellor of Germany (1919–1920)
- Hermann Müller, Chancellor of Germany (1920)
- Constantin Fehrenbach, Chancellor of Germany (1920–1921)
-
.svg.png)
Greece
- Monarch -
- Alexander, King of the Hellenes (1917–1920)
- Pavlos Kountouriotis, Regent of Greece (1920)
- Queen Olga, Regent of Greece (1920)
- Constantine I, King of the Hellenes (1920–1922)
- Prime Minister -
- Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime Minister of Greece (1917–1920)
- Dimitrios Rallis, Prime Minister of Greece (1920–1921)
- Monarch -
-
Hungary
- the Hungarian Republic was superseded by the Kingdom of Hungary on 21 March 1920
- Head of State -
- Károly Huszár, Prime Minister of Hungary (1919–1920)
- Miklós Horthy, Regent of Hungary (1920–1944)
- Prime Minister -
- Károly Huszár, Prime Minister of Hungary (1919–1920)
- Sándor Simonyi-Semadam, Prime Minister of Hungary (1920)
- Count Pál Teleki, Prime Minister of Hungary (1920–1921)
-
Iceland
- Monarch - Christian X, King of Iceland (1918–1944)
- Prime Minister - Jón Magnússon, Prime Minister of Iceland (1917–1922)[8]
-
_crowned.svg.png)
Italy
- Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
- Prime Minister -
- Latvia
-
Latvia
- Head of State - Jānis Čakste, President of the Constituent Assembly of Latvia[9] (1918–1927)
- Prime Minister - Kārlis Ulmanis, Prime Minister of Latvia (1918–1921)
-
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Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (unrecognized state)
- disestablished on 13 January 1920
- Head of State - Pēteris Stučka, Chairman of the Government of Latvia (1918–1920)
-
-
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Liechtenstein
- Monarch - Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1859–1929)
- Administrator -
- Prince Karl Aloys, Land Administrator of Liechtenstein (1918–1920)
- Joseph Peer, Land Administrator of Liechtenstein (1920–1921)
-
.svg.png)
Lithuania
- President -
- Antanas Smetona, President of Lithuania (1918–1920)
- Aleksandras Stulginskis, President of Lithuania (1920–1926)
- Prime Minister -
- Ernestas Galvanauskas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1919–1920)
- Kazys Grinius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1920–1922)
-
Central Lithuania (unrecognized state)
- was declared on 12 October 1920
- Head of State - Lucjan Żeligowski, Head of State of Central Lithuania (1920–1922)
- Head of Government - Witold Abramowicz, Chairman of the Provisional Commission of Government of Central Lithiania (1920–1921)
- President -
-
Luxembourg
- Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)[10]
- Prime Minister - Émile Reuter, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1918–1925)
-
Monaco
- Monarch - Albert I, Prince of Monaco (1889–1922)
- Head of Government - Raymond Le Bourdon, Minister of State of Monaco (1919–1923)
-
Netherlands
- Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)[10]
- Prime Minister - Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1918–1925)
-
Norway
- Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)[10]
- Prime Minister -
- Gunnar Knudsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1913–1920)
- Otto Bahr Halvorsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1920–1921)
-
Poland
- Head of State - Józef Piłsudski, Chief of State of Poland (1918–1922)
- Prime Minister -
Galician Soviet Socialist Republic (unrecognized state)
- claimed independence between 8 July and 21 September 1920
- Communist Party Leader - Karl Savrich, Chairman of the Central Committee of Communist Party of Galicia (1920)
- Head of State - Volodymyr Zatonsky, Chairman of the Galician Revolutionary Committee (1920)
Lemko (unrecognized state)
- disestablished in March 1920
- Head of State - Jaroslav Kacmarcyk, President of Lemko (1918–1920)
-
Portugal
- President - António José de Almeida, President of Portugal (1919–1923)
- Premier -
- Alfredo de Sá Cardoso, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1919–1920)
- Domingos Leite Pereira, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1920)
- António Maria Baptista, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1920)
- José Ramos Preto, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1920)
- António Maria da Silva, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1920)
- António Granjo, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1920)
- Álvaro de Castro, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1920)
- Liberato Pinto, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1920–1921)
-
Romania
- Monarch - Ferdinand I, King of the Romanians (1914–1927)
- Premier -
- Russia
-
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Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- Head of State - Mikhail Kalinin, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets (1919–1946)[11]
- Premier - Vladimir Lenin, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Russia (1917–1924)[12]
-
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Provisional All-Russian Government
- dissolved on 14 January 1920
- Head of State - Alexander Kolchak, Supreme Ruler of Russia (1918–1920)
- Premier - Viktor Pepelyayev, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Russia (1919–1920)
Alash (unrecognized state)
- reintegrated into Russia on 26 August 1920
- Head of State - Alikhan Bokeikhanov, Chairman of the Alash Orda (1917–1920)
Don (unrecognized state)
- reintegrated into Russia on 8 January 1920
- Head of State - Afrikan Bogaevskiy, Ataman of Don (1919–1920)
Kuban (partially recognized state)
- reintegrated into Russia on 17 March 1920
- Head of State - Fyodor Sushkov, Chairman of Kuban (1919–1920)
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (partially recognized state)
- overtaken by Russia in June 1920
- Head of State - Tapa Tchermoeff, Prime Minister of the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (1918–1920)
North Caucasian Emirate (unrecognized state)
- reintegrated into Russia on 7 March 1920
- Monarch - Uzun Haji, Emir of North Caucasus (1919–1920)
North Ingria (unrecognized state)
- reintegrated into Russia on 5 December 1920
- Head of State -
- Georg Elfvengren, Chairman of governing council of North Ingria (1919–1920)
- Jukka Tirranen, Chairman of governing council of North Ingria (1920)
-
-
San Marino
- Captains Regent -
- Moro Morri and Francesco Pasquali, Captains Regent of San Marino (1919–1920)
- Marino Rossi and Ciro Francini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1920)
- Carlo Balsimelli and Simone Michelotti, Captains Regent of San Marino (1920–1921)
- Captains Regent -
-
Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
- Monarch - Peter I, King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1903–1921)[13]
- Prime Minister -
-
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Spain
- Monarch - Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1931)
- Prime Minister -
-
Sweden
- Monarch - Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
- Prime Minister -
- Nils Edén, Prime Minister of Sweden (1917–1920)
- Hjalmar Branting, Prime Minister of Sweden (1920)
- Baron Gerhard Louis De Geer, Prime Minister of Sweden (1920–1921)
-
Switzerland
- Federal Council:[14]
- Giuseppe Motta (1911–1940, President), Edmund Schulthess (1912–1935), Felix Calonder (1913–1920), Robert Haab (1917–1929), Ernest Chuard (1919–1928), Karl Scheurer (1919–1929), Jean-Marie Musy (1919–1934), Heinrich Häberlin (1920–1934)
- Federal Council:[14]
- Ukraine
-
.svg.png)
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (unrecognized state)
- Communist Party Leader -
- Rafail Farbman, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (1919–1920)
- Nikolay Nikolayev, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (1920)
- Stanislav Kosior, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (1920)
- Vyacheslav Molotov, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (1920–1921)
- Head of State - Grigory Petrovsky, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Ukraine (1919–1938)
- Premier -
- Communist Party Leader -
-
Ukrainian People's Republic
- Head of State - Symon Petliura, Chairman of the Directory of Ukraine (1919–1921)
- Premier -
-
-
United Kingdom
- Monarch - George V, King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
- Prime Minister - David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1916–1922)
-
Ireland (unrecognized state)
- President - Éamon de Valera, President of Dáil Éireann (1919–1922)
North America and the Caribbean
-
Canada
- Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor General - Victor Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, Governor General of Canada (1916–1921)
- Prime Minister -
- Sir Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada (1911–1920)
- Arthur Meighen, Prime Minister of Canada (1920–1921, 1926)
-
Costa Rica
- President -
- Francisco Aguilar Barquero, Interim President of Costa Rica (1919–1920)
- Julio Acosta García, President of Costa Rica (1920–1924)
- President -
-
Cuba
- President - Mario García Menocal, President of Cuba (1913–1921)
-
Dominican Republic (under US occupation)
- Governor - Thomas Snowden, Governor of Santo Domingo (1919–1921)
-
El Salvador
- President - Jorge Meléndez, President of El Salvador (1919–1923)
-
Guatemala
- President -
- Manuel Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala (1898–1920)
- Carlos Herrera, President of Guatemala (1920–1921)
- President -
-
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Haiti (under US occupation)
- Military Commander - John H. Russell, Jr., Military Commander of Haiti (1919–1930)
- President - Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave, President of Haiti (1915–1922)
-
Honduras
- President -
- Francisco Bográn, Acting President of Honduras (1919–1920)
- Rafael López Gutiérrez, President of Honduras (1920–1924)
- President -
-
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Mexico
- President -
- Venustiano Carranza, President of Mexico (1915–1920)
- Adolfo de la Huerta, Substitute President of Mexico (1920)
- Álvaro Obregón, President of Mexico (1920–1924)
- President -
-
Newfoundland
- Monarch - George V, King of the British Dominions Beyond the Seas (1910–1936)
- Governor - Sir Charles Alexander Harris, Governor of Newfoundland (1917–1922)
- Prime Minister - Sir Richard Squires, Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1919–1923)
-
Nicaragua
- President - Emiliano Chamorro Vargas, President of Nicaragua (1917–1921)
-
Panama
- President -
- Belisario Porras Barahona, President of Panama (1918–1920)
- Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre, Acting President of Panama (1920)
- Belisario Porras Barahona, President of Panama (1920–1924)
- President -
-
United States
- President - Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States (1913–1921)
South America
-
Argentina
- President - Hipólito Yrigoyen, President of Argentina (1916–1922)
-
Bolivia
- Head of State -
- José Gutiérrez, President of Bolivia (1917–1920)
- Government Junta, Head of State of Bolivia (1920–1921)
- Head of State -
.svg.png)
Brazil
- President - Epitácio Pessoa, President of Brazil (1919–1922)
-
Chile
- President -
- Juan Luis Sanfuentes, President of Chile (1915–1920)
- Arturo Alessandri, President of Chile (1920–1924)
- President -
-
Colombia
- President - Marco Fidel Suárez, President of Colombia (1918–1922)
-
Ecuador
- President -
- Alfredo Baquerizo, President of Ecuador (1916–1920)
- José Luis Tamayo, President of Ecuador (1920–1924)
- President -
-
.svg.png)
Paraguay
- President -
- José Pedro Montero, Acting President of Paraguay (1919–1920)
- Manuel Gondra, President of Paraguay (1920–1921)
- President -
-
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Peru
- President - Augusto B. Leguía, President of Peru (1919–1930)
- Prime Minister - Germán Leguía y Martínez Jakeway, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1919–1922)
-
Uruguay
- President - Baltasar Brum, President of Uruguay (1919–1923)
-
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Venezuela
- President - Victorino Márquez Bustillos, Provisional President of Venezuela (1914–1922)
References
- ↑ Title changed from Chairman of the Council of the Republic to Chairman of the Central Reform Board in November 1920.
- ↑ Hussein bin Ali was Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and King of Hejaz from 1916.
- ↑ Ibn Saud was Emir of Nejd and Hasa between 1902 and 1921, Sultan of Nejd between 1921 and 1927, King of Nejd between 1927 and 1932 additionally King of Hejaz between 1926 and 1932 (collectively referred to as King of Nejd and Hejaz), and King of Saudi Arabia from 1932.
- ↑ Yemen only became independent in 1918.
- ↑ Arthur Foljambe was titled Governor of New Zealand until 1917.
- ↑ The title changed from Chancellor (Staatskanzler) to Federal Chancellor (Bundeskanzler) on 10 November 1920.
- ↑ The title of the Estonia head of state changed from Prime Minister to State Elder on 21 December 1920.
- ↑ Iceland only became independent in 1918.
- ↑ The title of the Latvian head of state changed from President of the People's Council to President of the Constituent Assembly on 1 May 1920.
- 1 2 3 In exile between 1940 and 1945.
- ↑ Kalinin was head of state of Russia from 1919 to 1938, and head of state of the Soviet Union (Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets) from 1922 to 1946.
- ↑ Lenin was head of government of Russia (Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars) from 1917 to 1924 and head of government of the Soviet Union (Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars) from 1922 to 1924.
- ↑ Peter I was King of Serbia from 1903 to 1918 and King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1918 to 1921.
- ↑ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
External links
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