List of heads of state of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan
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politics and government of
Azerbaijan
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This is the list of the heads of state of Azerbaijan from 1918 to the present. 25 people have been head of the Azerbaijani state since its establishment in 1918. It includes leaders of short-lived Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918–1920), of Soviet Azerbaijan (1920–1991), and of post-Soviet era.

Multiple terms in office, consecutive or otherwise, are listed and counted in the first column (administration number) and the second column counts individuals.

The youngest head of state by his accession to office was Grigory Kaminsky, at age 25, and the oldest Heydar Aliyev, at age 70.

Leaders of Azerbaijan since 1918

Colour key
(for political parties)

Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918–1920)

Chairman of the Azerbaijani National Council
№ President Term of office Political party Government Elected Ref
Portrait Name Took Office Left Office Days
1 Mammad Amin Rasulzade
Məmməd Əmin Rəsulzadə
(1884–1955)		 28 May 1918 7 December 1918 193 Musavat
1. Rasulzade I 1918 [1]
Regarded as the first President in the modern sense; won the Battle of Baku; remained neutral on the Russian Civil War; established Azerbaijani Armed Forces.
Chairman of Parliament
№ Chairman of Parliament Term of office Political party Government Elected Ref
Portrait Name Took Office Left Office Days
1 Alimardan Topchubashov
Əlimərdan Topçubaşov
(1862–1934)		 7 December 1918 27 April 1920 507 Ittifaq al-Muslimin
1. Topchubashov I 1918 [2]
Achieved the de facto recognition of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.

Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (1922–1936) and Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)

Chairman of the Presidium of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan SSR
№ Chairman Term of office Political party Government Elected Ref
Portrait Name Took Office Left Office Days
1 Mirza Davud Huseynov
Mirzə Davud Hüseynov
(1894–1938)		 28 April 1920 23 July 1920 86 Communist
(Bolsheviks)		 1. Hüseynov I — [3]
During the Great Purge, he was arrested, accused of plotting against the Soviet state, sentenced to death and executed.
2 Victor Naneyshvili
Viktor Naneyşvili
(1878–1940)		 23 July 1920 9 September 1920 48 Communist
(Bolsheviks)		 2. Naneyşvili I — [4]
During the Great Purge, he was arrested, accused of plotting against the Soviet state, sentenced to death and executed.
3 Elena Stasova
Yelena Stasova
(1873–1966)		 9 September 1920 15 September 1920 6 Communist
(Bolsheviks)		 3. Stasova I — [5]
4 Vladimir Dumbadze
Vladimir Dumbadze
(1879–1934)		 15 September 1920 24 November 1920 70 Communist
(Bolsheviks)		 4. Dumbadze I — [6]
During the Great Purge, he was arrested, accused of plotting against the Soviet state, sentenced to death and executed.
Executive Secretary of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan SSR
№ Secretary Term of office Political Party Government Elected Ref
Portrait Name Took Office Left Office Days
1 Grigory Kaminsky
Qriqori Kaminski
(1895–1938)		 24 October 1920 24 July 1921 273 Communist
(Bolsheviks)		 1. Kaminski I — [7]
During the Great Purge, he was arrested, accused of plotting against the Soviet state, sentenced to death and executed.
First Secretary of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan SSR
№ First Secretary Term of office Political Party Government Elected Ref
Portrait Name Took Office Left Office Days
1 Sergey Kirov
Sergey Kirov
(1886–1934)		 24 July 1921 5 January 1925 168 Communist
(Bolsheviks)		 1. Kirov I — [8]
Enforced Soviet rule over unwilling Azerbaijani nationalists; played an important role in helping to deliver Baku’s oil to Soviet Russia.
2 Ruhulla Akhundov
Ruhulla Axundov
(1897–1938)		 5 January 1925 21 January 1926 366 Communist
(Bolsheviks)		 2. Axundov I — [9]
During the Great Purge, he was arrested, accused of plotting against the Soviet state, sentenced to death and executed.
3 Levon Mirzoyan
Levon Mirzoyan
(1887–1939)		 21 January 1926 11 July 1929 1267 Communist
(Bolsheviks)		 3. Mirzoyan I — [10]
Purged Azerbaijani intelligentsia, communist leaders who had sympathized with the opposition or who might have once leaned toward Pan-Turkism.
4 Nikolay Gikalo
Nikolay Gikalo
(1897–1938)		 11 July 1929 5 August 1930 390 Communist
(Bolsheviks)		 4. Gikalo I — [11]
During the Great Purge, he was arrested, accused of plotting against the Soviet state, sentenced to death and executed.
5 Vladimir Polonsky
Vladimir Polonski
(1893–1937)		 5 August 1930 7 February 1933 917 Communist
(Bolsheviks)		 5. Polonski I — [12]
During the Great Purge, he was arrested, accused of plotting against the Soviet state, sentenced to death and executed.
6 Ruben Rubenov
Ruben Rubenov
(1894–1937)		 7 February 1933 10 December 1933 306 Communist
(Bolsheviks)		 6. Rubenov I — [13]
During the Great Purge, he was arrested, accused of plotting against the Soviet state, sentenced to death and executed.
7 Mir Jafar Baghirov
Mir Cəfər Bağırov
(1896–1956)		 10 December 1933 6 April 1953 7057 Communist
7. Bağırov I — [14]
Followed Stalin's orders without question; Purged Azerbaijani intelligentsia, communist leaders who had sympathized with the opposition or who might have once leaned toward Pan-Turkism.
8 Mir Teymur Yaqubov
Mir Teymur Yaqubov
(1904–1970)		 6 April 1953 17 February 1954 317 Communist
8. Yaqubov I — [15]
9 Imam Mustafayev
Imam Mustafayev
(1910–1997)		 17 February 1954 10 July 1959 1969 Communist
9. Mustafayev I — [16]
Restored Azerbaijani language as the official language of the Azerbaijan SSR.
10 Vali Akhundov
Vəli Axundov
(1916–1986)		 10 July 1959 14 July 1969 3657 Communist
10. Axundov I — [17]
He is credited in Azerbaijan for rebuffing the Armenian claims for Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast in 1965.
11 Heydar Aliyev
Heydər Əliyev
(1923–2003)		 14 July 1969 3 December 1982 4890 Communist
11. H.Əliyev I — [18]
Temporarily improved economic conditions and promoted alternative industries to the declining oil industry.
12 Kamran Baghirov
Kamran Bağırov
(1933–2000)		 3 December 1982 21 May 1988 1996 Communist
12. Bağırov I — [19]
He was strongly criticized for worsening economic conditions in Azerbaijan.
13 Abdurrahman Vazirov
Əbdürrəhman Vəzirov
(1930–)		 21 May 1988 25 January 1990 614 Communist
13. Vəzirov I — [20]
Shared internationalist values and aspirations for political reform but he could not cope effectively with the complex political situation in Azerbaijan.
14 Ayaz Mutallibov
Ayaz Mütəllibov
(1938–)		 25 January 1990 14 September 1991 597 Communist
14. Mütəllibov I — [21]
Black January.

Republic of Azerbaijan (1991–present)

Presidents
№ President Term of office Political Party Government Elected Ref
Portrait Name Took Office Left Office Days
1 Ayaz Mutallibov
Ayaz Mütəllibov
(1938–)		 30 August 1991 6 March 1992 189 None 1. Mütəllibov II 1991 [21]
Nagorno-Karabakh War; Khojaly Massacre; Capture of Shusha; 1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown. Forced to submit his resignation after pressure from Azerbaijan Popular Front.
— Yagub Mammadov (Acting)
Yaqub Məmmədov
(1941–)		 6 March 1992 14 May 1992 69 None — — [22]
Ousted by the armed revolt led by Azerbaijan Popular Front.
— Ayaz Mutallibov
Ayaz Mütəllibov
(1938–)		 14 May 1992 18 May 1992 4 None Mütəllibov II — [21]
Deposed from his duty after takeover by Azerbaijan Popular Front.
— Isa Gambar (Acting)
İsa Qəmbər
(1957–)		 19 May 1992 16 June 1992 28 Azerbaijani Popular Front Party
— — [23]
Took temporary duties of president until the national elections in 1992.
2 Abulfaz Elchibey
Əbülfəz Elçibəy
(1938–2000)		 16 June 1992 1 September 1993 442 Azerbaijani Popular Front Party
2. Elçibəy I 1992 [24]
Among the Soviet republics the Russian army was first withdrawn from Azerbaijan; The national currency of Azerbaijan was put into circulation; State Treasure Foundation was established; Entrance examinations to the high and vocational educational was held with test method for the first time; The foundation of private institutions in the education field was permitted; The passage to the Latin alphabet; Founded the SOCAR; Re-established Azerbaijani Armed Forces; Operation Goranboy.
3 Heydar Aliyev
Heydər Əliyev
(1923–2003)		 3 October 1993 31 October 2003 3680 New Azerbaijan Party
3. H.Əliyev II 1993 [25]
Founded the YAP; Heydar Aliyev's cult of personality; Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline; South Caucasus Pipeline; 1994 Baku Metro bombings. Survived coup attempt in 1995.
4 Ilham Aliyev
İlham Əliyev
(1961–)		 31 October 2003 Present 4784 New Azerbaijan Party
6. İ.Əliyev I 2003 [26]
Azerbaijan was elected as a non-permanent member to United Nations Security Council; foiled 2007 Baku terrorist plot; Azerbaijan State Oil Academy shooting; 2010 Mardakert skirmishes; 2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes; Forced evictions in Baku; 2011 Azerbaijani protests; Eurovision Song Contest 2012; 2013 Baku protests; He was criticised for restricting the freedom of media and accused of violating human rights; 2014 Nagorno-Karabakh Mil Mi-24 shootdown; 2015 Baku residence building fire; 2015 European Games

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Memmed Amin Resûlzâde (Bakû/Novhanı, 31 Ocak 1884 - Ankara, 6 Mart 1955)" (PDF). Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Turkey. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-04-02.
  2. ↑ Akhundov, Fuad. "Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan Leaders". www.azer.com. Azerbaijan International. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  3. ↑ "Ministry of Finance of Republic of Azerbaijan. History of the ministry". Retrieved 2010-11-08.
  4. ↑ Черкесское имя в истории Азербайджана. maikop.bezformata.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  5. ↑ Lazitch and Drachkovitch, Biographical Dictionary of the Comintern, pg. 444.
  6. ↑ «ЗА УБИЙСТВОМ ГЕНЕРАЛА ДУМБАДЗЕ СТОИТ СААКАШВИЛИ». vesti.az (in Russian). Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  7. ↑ Каминский Григорий Наумович. pomnipro.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  8. ↑ Getty, J. Arch, Origins of the Great Purges: The Soviet Communist Party Reconsidered, 1933-38, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 207.
  9. ↑ Ахундов Рухулла Али оглы. www.kavkaz-uzel.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  10. ↑ "Moscow and the delimitation of Karabakh in the 1920s". biweekly.ada.edu.az. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  11. ↑ Musayev, Ismail. "The Big Territorial Giveaway (II part)". www.visions.az. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  12. ↑ "Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898 - 1991. Полонский Владимир Иванович" [Directory of history of Communist party and Soviet Union in 1898-1991]. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  13. ↑ Davies, Robert William (2003). Stalin-Kaganovich correspondence, 1931-1936. Yale University Press. p. 408. ISBN 0-300-09367-5. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
  14. ↑ De Waal, Thomas (2003). Black garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through peace and war. New York and London: New York University. p. 138. ISBN 0-8147-1944-9. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
  15. ↑ "Geo World. Leaders of Azerbaijan". Retrieved 2010-05-03.
  16. ↑ "Directory of biographies. Imam Mustafayev". Retrieved 2010-05-03.
  17. ↑ Lewis Siegelbaum. "Seventeen Moments in Soviet History. 1973: Shakeup in the Republics". Retrieved 2010-05-03.
  18. ↑ Louise I. Shelley. Policing Soviet Society: The Evolution of State Control, Routledge, 1996, ISBN 0-415-10469-6, p. 88
  19. ↑ Swietochowski, Tadeusz; Collins, Brian C. (1999). Historical dictionary of Azerbaijan. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 30. ISBN 0-8108-3550-9. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
  20. ↑ Robert V. Barylski. "The Russian Federation and Eurasia's Islamic Crescent", Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 46, No. 3. (1994), p. 397
  21. 1 2 3 "Exiled Former President Returns To Azerbaijan For Son's Funeral". www.rferl.org. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  22. ↑ "Yaqub Məmmədov nurçuları Azərbaycana gətirənin adını açıqladı - MÜSAHİBƏ". publika.az (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 19 August 2014.
  23. ↑ "İsa Qəmbər on adam.az". adam.az (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 19 August 2014.
  24. ↑ (French) "Les liaisons dangereuses de la police turque", Le Monde diplomatique, March 1997
  25. ↑ Lewis, Paul. "H.A. Aliyev, K.G.B. Officer And Azeri Leader, 80, Dies". www.nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
  26. ↑ "Azerbaijan's Ilham Aliyev claims election victory". www.bbc.co.uk. BBC. Retrieved 19 August 2014.

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