Hassan Pirnia

Hassan Pirnia
Prime Minister of Iran
In office
14 March 1915 – 1 May 1915
Monarch Ahmad Shah Qajar
Preceded by Mostowfi ol-Mamalek
Succeeded by Abdol Majid Mirza
In office
3 July 1920 – 27 October 1920
Monarch Ahmad Shah Qajar
Preceded by Vossug ed Dowleh
Succeeded by Fathollah Khan Akbar
In office
21 January 1922 – 22 June 1922
Monarch Ahmad Shah Qajar
Preceded by Ahmad Qavam
Succeeded by Ahmad Qavam
In office
15 June 1923 – 26 October 1923
Monarch Ahmad Shah Qajar
Preceded by Mostowfi ol-Mamalek
Succeeded by Rēzā Pahlavi
Personal details
Born 1871
Nain, Persia
Died 1935
Tehran, Persia
Religion Twelver Shia Islam

Hassan Pirnia (Persian: حسن پیرنیا‎‎ ‎; 1872–1935) was a prominent Iranian politician of 20th-century Iran. He held a total of twenty-four posts during his political career, serving four times as Prime Minister of Iran. He was also a historian, co-founding the Society for the National Heritage of Iran.

Personal life

Hassan was the eldest son of Mirza Nasrullah Khan, a Prime Minister during the Qajar era. Hassan also had a younger brother named Hossein, who served as speaker of the Parliament of Iran.

Career

Hassan became Iran's Minister to the Russian Court before returning to Iran, where he founded the Tehran School of Political Science in 1899.

Upon his father's death, he assumed the title of Moshir al Dowleh, playing an important role in drafting the Persian Constitution of 1906. Hassan was given an Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George by the British crown in 1907. From 1907 to 1908, Pirnia was the Minister of Foreign Affairs, during which time he declared the Anglo-Russian Entente, which would divide Iran into zones of imperial influence, as null and void. He later became Minister of Justice before becoming Prime Minister for the first time in 1918. He would re-assume the office later that same year, and again in 1922 and 1923. One of Pirnia's key actions during his time as Prime Minister saw him prevent the introduction of the Anglo-Persian Agreement of 1919.

Books and cultural contributions

Following his retirement, he published a three-volume history of pre-Islamic Iran, entitled Tarikh-e Iran-e Bastan (History of Ancient Iran). An abridged version, Tarikh-e Mukhtasar Iran-e Qadim, published in 1928, became a standard textbook for students. Hassan's other significant contributions to the cultural life of Iran included helping to set up an Institute for the Preservation of National Heritage along with Abdolhossein Teymourtash and Mohammad Ali Foroughi in 1922.

Hassan's younger brother, Hossein Pirnia, was also a notable statesman during this period. Known as Mo'tamen al Molk, he served as Minister of Education in 1918 and Minister without portfolio in 1920. He was elected to every session of the parliament (Majlis) from 1906 and served as its speaker for many years. In 1943 he was elected from Tehran to the 14th session of Parliament but declined to serve.

Sources

Political offices
Preceded by
Mostowfi ol-Mamalek		 Prime Minister of Iran
1915 		Succeeded by
Abdol Majid Mirza
Preceded by
Vossug ed Dowleh		 Prime Minister of Iran
1920 		Succeeded by
Fathollah Khan Akbar
Preceded by
Ahmad Qavam		 Prime Minister of Iran
1922 		Succeeded by
Ahmad Qavam
Preceded by
Mostowfi ol-Mamalek		 Prime Minister of Iran
1923 		Succeeded by
Reza Khan
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