Hillary Clinton presidential campaign, 2016

Hillary for America
Campaign
Candidate
Affiliation Democratic Party
Status
  • Announced: April 12, 2015
  • Official launch: June 13, 2015
  • Presumptive nominee: June 7, 2016
  • Official nominee: July 26, 2016
  • Lost election: November 8, 2016
Headquarters
Key people
Receipts US$274,537,985[4] (2016-06-30)
Slogan
  • Stronger Together
  • I'm With Her
  • Love Trumps Hate
Website
hillaryclinton.com

The 2016 presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton, the 67th United States Secretary of State, was announced in a YouTube video, on April 12, 2015.[5] Hillary Clinton, the wife of former President Bill Clinton, was the United States Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009 and served as Secretary of State under President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013. The runner-up in the 2008 Democratic primaries, her candidacy in the 2016 election was her second bid for the presidency.

Clinton's main competitor in the Democratic nomination contest was Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders. During the primary elections, she had the most support from middle aged and older voters and from black, Latino and female voters. She focused her platform on several issues, including expanding racial and women's rights, raising wages and ensuring equal pay for women, and improving healthcare.

On June 6, 2016, the Associated Press declared Clinton the presumptive nominee of the Democratic Party after she reached the required number of delegates, including both pledged delegates and superdelegates.[6] Sanders endorsed her candidacy on July 12, 2016.[7] Delegates voted at the Democratic National Convention that took place between July 25–28, 2016. On July 22, 2016, Hillary Clinton announced Virginia Senator Tim Kaine as her running mate.[8] On July 26, 2016, Clinton and Kaine were officially nominated at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.[9] The campaign officially ended after Clinton conceded defeat to her Republican rival Donald Trump on November 9, 2016, although she won the popular vote nationwide.[10]

Background

2008 presidential run

Clinton after winning the New Hampshire primary during her first presidential run

Clinton announced her decision to run for the 2008 presidential election on January 20, 2007. Early in the race, she was considered the frontrunner for the Democratic Party, and actively sought her party's nomination. Clinton ran ahead in the polls, until Illinois Senator Barack Obama began pulling ahead following the South Carolina primary. In the prolonged primary battle that ensued, during which she received more than 18 million votes, Clinton lost the nomination to Obama. Obama won the general election against Arizona Republican Senator John McCain on November 4, 2008.

Post-2008 election

As soon as Clinton ended her 2008 campaign there was talk of her running again in 2012 or 2016.[11] After she ended her tenure as Secretary of State in 2013, speculation picked up sharply, particularly when she listed her occupation on social media as "TBD". In the meantime, Clinton earned over $11 million giving 51 paid speeches to various organizations, including Goldman Sachs and other Wall Street banks.[12] The speeches, and Clinton's not releasing their transcripts, would be raised as an issue by her opponents during the upcoming primary[13] and general election campaigns.[14] In October 2016, leaked excerpts from a Goldman Sachs Q&A session cast doubts about her support for the 2010 Dodd-Frank financial oversight legislation.[15]

Anticipating a future run, a "campaign-in-waiting" began to take shape in 2014, including a large donor network, experienced operatives, the Ready for Hillary and Priorities USA Action campaign political action committees (PACs), and other campaign infrastructure.[16]

By September 2013, amid continual political and media speculation, Clinton said she was considering a run but was in no hurry to decide.[17] In late 2013, Clinton told ABC's Barbara Walters that she would, "look carefully at what I think I can do and make that decision sometime next year";[18] and told ABC's Diane Sawyer in June 2014 that she would, "be on the way to making a decision before the end of the year".[19]

Decision-making process

While many political analysts came to assume during this time that Clinton would run, she took a long time to make the decision.[20] While Clinton said she spent much of the two years following her tenure as Secretary of State thinking about the possibility of running for president again, she was also noncommittal about the prospect, and appeared to some as reluctant to experience again the unpleasant aspects of a major political campaign.[21] Those around her were split in their opinions, reportedly, with Bill Clinton said to be the most in favor of her running again, Chelsea Clinton leaning towards it, but several of her closest aides against it.[20][21] She reportedly studied Obama's 2008 campaign to see what had gone right for Obama as compared to her own campaign.[21] Not until December 2014, around the time of the Clintons' annual winter vacation in the Dominican Republic, did she say she decided for sure that she would indeed run again.[20][21]

Expectations

According to nationwide opinion polls in early 2015, Clinton was considered the front-runner for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination.[17][22][23] She had gained a broader sweep of early endorsements from the Democratic Party establishment in the 2016 race than she did in 2008,[24][25] although she did face several primary election challengers,[26][27] and, in August 2015 Vice President Joe Biden was reported to be seriously considering a possible challenge to Clinton.[28]

Clinton has a very high name recognition of an estimated 99% (only 11% of all voters said they did not know enough about her to form an opinion) and according to Democratic pollster Celinda Lake, she has had strong support from African-Americans, and among college-educated women and single women.[29]

In Time magazine's 2015 list of "The 100 Most Influential People", Clinton praised Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren, who herself was considered as a potential challenger to Clinton, for being a "progressive champion".[30] Warren decided not to run for president, despite pressure from some progressives.[31]

Announcement

The Clinton campaign had planned for a delayed announcement, possibly as late as July 2015.[32][33][34]

On April 3, 2015, it was reported that Clinton had taken a lease on a small office at 1 Pierrepont Plaza in Brooklyn, New York City. It was widely speculated that the space would serve as her campaign headquarters.[35][36]

On April 12, 2015, Clinton released a YouTube video formally announcing her candidacy via email. She stated that, "Everyday Americans need a champion. And I want to be that champion."[37][38][39][40] The week following her announcement, she traveled to early primary states, such as Iowa and New Hampshire. Clinton was the third candidate with support in national polls to announce her candidacy, following Republican Senators Ted Cruz of Texas and Rand Paul of Kentucky, while Florida Senator Marco Rubio announced his candidacy on April 13, the day after Clinton. Some Democrats saw the proximity of Clinton's campaign announcement to Rubio's as advantageous, as Clinton's announcement might overshadow Rubio's.[41]

Clinton's campaign logo was unveiled on April 12, 2015, featuring a blue H with a red arrow through the middle. The logo received criticism, mostly for the red-colored, right-pointing arrow, which critics saw as incongruous to her party.[42]

Van tour

Hillary Clinton at an early campaign event in Iowa on April 14, 2015

Clinton began her campaign by making short trips to early primary and caucus states.[37] Immediately following her announcement, she made a two-day road trip in a customized Chevrolet Express van, nicknamed after Scooby-Doo, going from New York to Iowa, and stopping several times along the way, including a much publicized stop at a Chipotle Mexican Grill outside Toledo, Ohio, where Clinton was not recognized by the staff.[43][44][45] The trip gained considerable media attention and was, according to her campaign, intended as a bit of political theater.[46][47]

Clinton responded to very few questions from the press during the first month of her campaign. During her visits to early primary and caucus states, she did not hold any formal press conferences, and did not participate in any media interviews.[48][49] On May 19, 2015, after 28 days, Clinton answered some questions from reporters at an event in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.[50] Clinton's campaign announced she would make additional stops in Florida, Texas, and Missouri in May and June.[51]

Kickoff rally

Clinton delivers the speech at her kickoff rally. The United Nations, Empire State Building, and Chrysler Building can be seen in the background.
Clinton greets the crowd following her speech.

Clinton held her first major campaign rally June 13, 2015, at Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park on the southern tip of New York City's Roosevelt Island.

In her speech, Clinton addressed income inequality in the United States, specifically endorsed universal pre-kindergarten, paid family leave, equal pay for women, college affordability, and incentives for companies that provide profit sharing to employees.[52] She did not address free trade agreements during the kickoff speech,[53] but made statements the next day suggesting that the current negotiations should be abandoned unless improved.[54]

The campaign said more than 5,500 people were in attendance, but estimates of crowd size by the press in attendance were less.[55]

According to John Cassidy, staff writer at The New Yorker, Clinton, up to a point, took a populist tone:[56]

While many of you are working multiple jobs to make ends meet, you see the top twenty-five hedge-fund managers making more than all of America's kindergarten teachers combined. And often paying a lower tax rate. So, you have to wonder, ‘When does my hard work pay off? When does my family get ahead? When?’[56]
Prosperity can’t be just for C.E.O.s and hedge-fund managers. Democracy can’t be just for billionaires and corporations. Prosperity and democracy are part of your basic bargain, too. You brought our country back. Now it's time—your time—to secure the gains and move ahead.[56]

Advertising

In August 2015, the Clinton campaign began a $2 million television advertising buy in Iowa and New Hampshire.[57] The ads featured footage of Clinton's late mother, Dorothy Rodham, and of Clinton herself,[57] and featured women, family, and children.[57]

In a review of Clinton's 32 general election TV ads, the Associated Press found that 24 of those ads show or mention Trump.[58] The majority of those 24 ads feature raw footage of him rather than others opining on his words and actions.[58]

Platform

Supporters of Hillary Clinton raising a sign (its contents being spelled "Hillary" and with the "H" being composed of Clinton's logo)

Clinton focused her candidacy on several themes, including raising middle class incomes, expanding women's rights, instituting campaign finance reform, and improving the Affordable Care Act.

In March 2016, she laid out a detailed economic plan, which The New York Times called "optimistic" and "wide-ranging".[59] Basing her economic philosophy on inclusive capitalism, Clinton proposed a "clawback" which would rescind tax relief and other benefits for companies that move jobs overseas; providing incentives for companies that share profits with employees, communities and the environment, rather than focusing on short-term profits to increase stock value and rewarding shareholders; increasing collective bargaining rights; and placing an "exit tax" on companies that move their headquarters out of America in order to pay a lower tax rate overseas.[59] Clinton opposes the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), supports the U.S. Export-Import Bank, and holds that "any trade deal has to produce jobs and raise wages and increase prosperity and protect our security".[60][61]

Given the climate of unlimited campaign contributions following the Supreme Court's Citizens United decision, Clinton has called for a constitutional amendment to limit "unaccountable money" in politics.[62] In July 2016, she has "committed" to introducing a U.S. constitutional amendment that would result in overturning the 2010 Citizens United decision.[63][64]

She believes in equal pay for equal work, to address current shortfalls in how much women are paid to do the same jobs men do.[65]

Clinton has explicitly focused on family issues and supports universal preschool.[62]

On LGBT rights, she supports the right to same-sex marriage enshrined in the constitution.[62]

Clinton holds that allowing undocumented immigrants to have a path to citizenship "[i]s at its heart a family issue."[66]

Clinton has expressed support for Common Core.[67] She says, "The really unfortunate argument that's been going on around Common Core, it's very painful because the Common Core started off as a bipartisan effort. It was actually nonpartisan. It wasn’t politicized.... Iowa has had a testing system based on a core curriculum for a really long time. And [speaking to Iowans] you see the value of it, you understand why that helps you organize your whole education system. And a lot of states unfortunately haven’t had that, and so don’t understand the value of a core, in this sense a Common Core."[68]

On December 7, 2015, in The New York Times, Clinton presented her detailed plans for regulating Wall Street financial activities and related.[69] She proposes reining in the largest institutions to limit risky behavior, appointing strong regulators, and holding executives accountable.

Clinton is in favor of maintaining American influence in the Middle East. She opposes Trump's call to ban Muslims from the United States as “shameful” and “dangerous”. She also claimed Trump’s statement was "a reflection of much of the rest of his party", as “many GOP candidates have also said extreme things about Muslims.”[70]

She told the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, "America can’t ever be neutral when it comes to Israel's security and survival."[71]

Strategy and tactics

Percentage of vote received by Clinton by state or territory in the primaries.
  10.0–19.9%
  20.0–29.9%
  30.0–39.9%
  40.0–49.9%
  50.0–59.9%
  60.0–69.9%
  70.0–79.9%
  80.0%+
Clinton campaigning in Manchester, New Hampshire in October 2016. New Hampshire Governor Maggie Hassan (left) and Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren (right) in the background.

Clinton campaign strategists reportedly believed that a strong liberal campaign would mobilize the same voters who swept Barack Obama to victory in 2008 and 2012. Her strategy of embracing Obama's policies proved highly effective with African American Democratic voters in the South Carolina Democratic primary.[72][73][74][75]

By March 2016 Clinton's nomination seemed likely, so efforts turned to structuring a campaign against Donald Trump, the presumptive Republican nominee,[76] and determining how to generate enthusiasm for Clinton among the Democratic electorate, which had not turned out in large numbers for primaries.[77]

Clinton began the campaign with near-universal name recognition among voters, having been First Lady, U.S. Senator, and Secretary of State.[78]

Focus on local issues

When Clinton campaigns in a state such as Mississippi she identifies local issues of interest to the Democratic voters of the state. For example, in Mississippi, she has expressed her concern about lead levels in the water in Jackson, the capital, where it is a hot issue. In other states there are other issues, whatever is the focus of attention.[79]

Emphasis on experience and steady leadership

Over the course of her campaign, Clinton emphasized her experience and record in public life, particularly as secretary of state.[80][81] Clinton also emphasized "the need for calm, steady, experienced leadership in the White House" in times of uncertainly, as well as the need to maintain the U.S.'s alliances across the Atlantic and the world.[82][83]

Press relations

Clinton has had an uneasy, and at times adversarial relationship with the press throughout her life in public service.[84] Weeks before her official entry as a presidential candidate, Clinton attended a political press corps event, pledging to start fresh on what she described as a "complicated" relationship with political reporters.[85] Clinton was initially criticized by the press for avoiding taking their questions,[86][87] after which she provided more interviews.

Ground game

In October 2016, the Clinton campaign had 489 field offices compared to Trump's 178.[88] Political science research suggests that there is a modest positive relationship between field offices and vote share.[89][88]

Fundraising

Throughout the general election campaign, Clinton consistently led Trump in fundraising. Through August 2016, Clinton, the Democratic National Committee and Clinton's main super PAC, Priorities USA Action, had raised more than $700 million, while Trump had brought in $400 million.[90] According to a September 2016 analysis by the Center for Public Integrity, "More than 1,100 elite moneymen and women have collectively raised more than $113 million" for Clinton's campaign. These bundlers, who collect checks from friends or associates and give them to the campaign, include "lawmakers, entertainment icons and titans of industry"; among them are Ben Affleck, George Lucas, Marissa Mayer, and Sheryl Sandberg.[91]

According to an article in The Washington Post, Clinton's presidential campaign is benefiting from a network of donors whom the Clintons "have methodically cultivated donors over 40 years, from Little Rock to Washington and then across the globe. Their fundraising methods have created a new blueprint for politicians and their donors."[92] By the end of September 2015, the campaign's fundraising effort for "Clinton's 2016 White House run ... has already drawn $110 million in support".[92]

In response to the article, a campaign spokesman said that "it would be misleading, at best, to conflate donations to a philanthropy with political giving.... And regarding the campaign contributions, the breadth and depth of their support is a testament to the fact that they have both dedicated their lives to public service and fighting to make this country stronger."[92] As the Post article points out, fundraising for the 2016 presidential campaign exists "in a dramatically different environment" than in the past, and the 2010 Citizens United v. FEC decision and ruling by "the Supreme Court has made it easier for wealthy individuals, corporations and unions to spend huge, unregulated sums on political activity".[92] In the fall of 2015, the Clinton campaign set up a joint fundraising committee with the Democratic National Committee and 32 state committees—the Hillary Victory Fund—that "can accept up to $356,100 per year from an individual donor – the first 2016 candidate to pursue such a tactic. Unlike Sanders, [Clinton's campaign] has sanctioned big-money super PACs working on her behalf, including one coordinating directly with her campaign."[92]

In the debate between Sanders and Clinton in New Hampshire prior to the New Hampshire primary Clinton, objecting to the inference that campaign contributions or speaking fees from the financial sector would influence her political decisions, characterized Sanders's references to her Wall Street connections as "'very artful smear' campaign."[93] He responded by saying, "It's a fact. When in the last reporting period her super PAC received $25 million and $15 million came from Wall Street, what is the smear? That is the fact."[94]

A major donor, who contributed to Clinton's presidential campaigns in 2008 and 2016, as well as the Clinton Foundation, was appointed by Secretary Clinton to a top State Department intelligence board in 2011. According to the press, the donor had no clear qualifications for the position. He resigned the position, which gave him Top Secret security clearance and access to highly sensitive information, after a reporter from ABC News made inquiries about his appointment. The situation came to light when emails were released by the State Department in June 2016.[95][96]

The Clinton campaign entered September 2016 with $121.4 million in the bank, while the Trump campaign had $96 million.[97]

Super PACs supporting Clinton

In May 2015, it was reported that the Clinton campaign lagged behind opposing Republican campaigns in gaining large donations from wealthy donors to supportive Super PACs. At that time, many potential liberal, big-money donors had not yet committed to support Clinton.[98] Clinton's super PAC fundraising picked up significantly in the general election. Priorities USA Action, the main super PAC supporting Clinton, raised $23.4 million in August 2016. More than half of that amount came from its top five donors, and the amount included 11 seven-figure checks.[99]

Super PACs that have supported Clinton include:[100]

People

John Podesta, Campaign Chairman

Campaign staff

Robby Mook served as campaign manager, and is the first openly gay person to serve in that role in a major presidential campaign.[115][116]

Stephanie Hannon served as chief technology officer, and is the first female to serve in that role in a major presidential campaign.[117][118][119]

Other campaign staff included John Podesta as campaign chairman, Joel Benenson as chief strategist and pollster, Jennifer Palmieri as communications director, and Amanda Renteria as policy director.[120] Longtime Clinton aide Huma Abedin was the vice chairwoman of the campaign,[120] and continued in the role she has long played for Clinton as traveling chief of staff and "body woman".[121] Fundraising was lead by Dennis Cheng as national finance director for the campaign, and main liaison between many major donors and Clinton.[122]

Policy advisors

Longtime Clinton staffer Jake Sullivan served as policy director, and Michael Schmidt, Michael Shapiro and Jacob Leibenluft were on Clinton's policy team.[123]

The Clinton campaign had a large set of outside policy advisors who served on advisory groups. On foreign policy, senior advisors included former CIA Director and Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta, former National Security Advisor Tom Donilon, Center for a New American Security CEO Michèle Flournoy, former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, and others.[124][125] The campaign also had a decentralized system of "about a dozen advisory working groups for regional and functional issues" such as Asia, Europe, counter-terrorism, and human rights. Foreign Policy magazine reports that "the campaign boasts a surprisingly diverse cadre of experts, from early-career think tankers in their 20s to graying ex-diplomats in their 50s and 60s."[124]

On economic policy, outside advisors with whom Clinton regularly consulted included Gene Sperling, former director of the National Economic Council; Neera Tanden of the Center for American Progress; Ann O'Leary; economists Alan Krueger and Alan Blinder; Nobel laureate economist Joseph Stiglitz; Jared Bernstein, the former chief economist to Joe Biden; and Heather Boushey.[123]

On August 16, 2016 Clinton named Ken Salazar to lead her White House transition team.[126][127]

Communications, advertising, and design firms

Two of the Clinton campaigns' top media buying agencies were GMMB (which focused on television) and Bully Pulpit Interactive (which focused on digital). The Clinton campaign's analytics director was Elan Kriegel, the co-founder of BlueLabs, a Democratic data firm.[128] The campaign has also hired Burrell Communications, an African American advertising firm.[129]

Graphic designer Michael Bierut of the firm Pentagram designed the campaign's distinctive "H" logo; Bierut volunteered his services.[130][131]

Professionals in branding and marketing, such as Wendy Clark of Coca Cola, and Roy Spence of GSD&M, were brought into the campaign to assist with "re-branding" Clinton.[132]

Caucuses and primaries

Hillary Clinton at an event in West Des Moines, Iowa in January 2016.
Hillary Clinton at an event in Phoenix, Arizona in March 2016.
Clinton's state-by-state performance in the primaries.
  Hillary Clinton
  Bernie Sanders
County-by-county results
  Hillary Clinton
  Bernie Sanders

Clinton won Iowa by the closest margin in the history of the state's Democratic caucus. O'Malley suspended[lower-alpha 1] his campaign after a distant third-place finish, leaving Clinton and Sanders the only two candidates. The electoral battle turned out to be more competitive than expected, with Sanders winning the New Hampshire primary while Clinton scored victories in the Nevada caucuses and South Carolina primary. On four different Super Tuesdays, Clinton secured numerous important wins in each of the nine most populous states including California, New York, Florida, and Texas, while Sanders scored various victories in between.[134]

On June 6, 2016, the Associated Press and NBC News stated that Clinton had become the presumptive nominee after reaching the required number of delegates, including both pledged and unpledged delegates (superdelegates), to secure the nomination. In doing so, she had become the first woman to ever be the presumptive nominee of any major political party in the United States.[135] On June 7, Clinton officially secured a majority of pledged delegates after winning in the California and New Jersey primaries.[136] President Barack Obama, Vice President Joe Biden and Senator Elizabeth Warren formally endorsed Clinton on June 9, 2016.[137][138] Sanders confirmed on June 24 that he would vote for Clinton over Donald Trump in the general election[139] and, on July 12, 2016, formally endorsed Clinton in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.[140]

On July 26, 2016, the Democratic National Convention officially nominated Clinton for President and Virginia Senator Tim Kaine for Vice President.[141]

Delegate count

The table below reflects the presumed delegate count following the 2016 Democratic primaries:

Candidate Pledged delegates Presumed count, including superdelegates
Hillary Clinton
2,205
2,775½✓
Bernie Sanders
1,846
1,889½
Martin O'Malley
0
1
Available delegates
0
97
Total delegate votes
4,051
4,763

Presidential debates

The first presidential debate in 2016 took place between Clinton and Trump on September 26 at Hofstra University.[142] This made Clinton the first woman to debate as part of an American presidential debate.[143] The moderator was Lester Holt of NBC.[144] A live-TV audience of 84 million viewers set a viewership record for presidential debates.[145] All scientific polls show that voters thought Hillary Clinton performed better than Donald Trump in the debate.[146][147]

The second presidential debate in 2016 took place between Clinton and Trump on October 9 at Washington University in St. Louis.[148] It was a town hall debate.[149]

The third and last presidential debate between Clinton and Trump took place on October 19 at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.[150][151]

Health

In July 2015, Clinton became the first 2016 presidential candidate to publicly release a medical history. The Clinton campaign released a letter from her physician, Lisa Bardack of Mount Kisco, New York, attesting to her good health based on a full medical evaluation.[152] The letter noted that there was a "complete resolution" of a brain concussion that Clinton suffered in 2012 and "total dissolution" of prior blood clots.[152] Bardack concluded that Clinton had no serious health issues that would interfere with her fitness to serve as president.[152]

In September 2016, Clinton developed pneumonia. After leaving a 9/11 commemoration ceremony early,[153][154][155][156] she spent three days recovering at home, canceling several campaign events, before returning to the campaign trail at a rally at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro.[157] Clinton released supplementary health records from her physician, Dr. Bardack, who found that she had "a mild non-contagious bacterial pneumonia" and had recovered well with antibiotics and rest. Dr. Bardack wrote: "She continues to remain healthy and fit to serve as President of the United States."[158][159]

Controversies

Email controversy

In March 2015, Clinton's practice of using her own private email address and server during her time as Secretary of State, in lieu of State Department servers, gained widespread public attention.[160] Concerns were raised about security and preservation of emails, and the possibility that laws may have been violated.[161] Nearly 2,100 emails contained in Clinton's server were determined to be classified when the state department had an opportunity to review them. According to Clinton they were not marked classified at the time she handled them. 65 emails were found to contain information classified as "Secret", more than 20 contained "Top-Secret" information, and the rest contained "Confidential" information.[162][163][164][165] Government policy, reiterated in the nondisclosure agreement signed by Clinton as part of gaining her security clearance, is that sensitive information should be considered and handled as classified even if not marked as such.[166] After allegations were raised that some of the emails in question fell into this so-called "born classified" category, an FBI probe was initiated regarding how classified information was handled on the Clinton server.[166][167][168][169]

The FBI probe was concluded on July 5, 2016, with a recommendation of no charges, a recommendation that was followed by the Justice Department. On October 28, eleven days before the election, Comey informed Congress that the FBI was analyzing additional emails obtained during its investigation of an unrelated case.[170][171] On November 6, he notified Congress that the new emails did not change the FBI's earlier conclusion.[172][173] The next day, stock and currency markets around the world surged in response.[174][175][176] According to Clinton, speaking to major donors after her loss and citing campaign data, the effect of the two letters the Director of the FBI released days before the election contributed to her defeat.[177]

Benghazi hearings

Clinton testifying before the House Select Committee on Benghazi

On October 22, 2015, Clinton testified for a second time before the Benghazi Committee and answered members' questions for more than eight hours in a public hearing.[178][179][180] The New York Times reported that "the long day of often-testy exchanges between committee members and their prominent witness revealed little new information about an episode that has been the subject of seven previous investigations...Perhaps stung by recent admissions that the pursuit of Mrs. Clinton's emails was politically motivated, Republican lawmakers on the panel for the most part avoided any mention of her use of a private email server."[178] The email issue did arise shortly before lunch, in a "a shouting match" between Republican committee chair Trey Gowdy and two Democrats, Adam Schiff and Elijah Cummings.[178] Late in the hearing, Representative Jim Jordan, Republican of Ohio, accused Clinton of changing her accounts of the email service, leading to a "heated exchange" in which Clinton "repeated that she had made a mistake in using a private email account, but maintained that she had never sent or received anything marked classified and had sought to be transparent by publicly releasing her emails."[178]

According to The Hill, the hearings provided a positive momentum for Clinton's 2016 campaign, with her performance generating headlines such as "Marathon Benghazi hearing leaves Hillary Clinton largely unscathed" (CNN), and "GOP lands no solid punches while sparring with Clinton over Benghazi" (The Washington Post). Her campaign received a windfall of donations, mostly coming from new donors.[181]

Basket of deplorables

On August 25, 2016, Clinton gave a speech criticizing Trump's campaign for using "racist lies" and allowing the alt-right to gain prominence.[182] At a fundraiser on September 9, Clinton stated: "You know, just to be grossly generalistic, you could put half of Trump's supporters into what I call the basket of deplorables. They're racist, sexist, homophobic, xenophobic, Islamaphobic — you name it."[183] Donald Trump criticized Clinton's remark as insulting his supporters,[184][185] and political analysts compared the statement to Mitt Romney's 47% gaffe in 2012.[183][184][185][186] The following day Clinton expressed regret for saying "half", while insisting that Trump had deplorably amplified "hateful views and voices".[187]

The "Deplorables" nickname was adopted by some Trump supporters,[188] with the Trump campaign inviting "deplorable Americans" on stage[189] and using the label against Clinton in an advertisement.[190]

Demographics and interest groups

Women

Clinton campaigning on November 2, 2016.

In national polling, Clinton has enjoyed "the highest level of female support of any candidate in more than four decades," with a 24-point lead in among female registered voters in a Pew Research Center taken on the eve of the 2016 Democratic National Convention.[191] The same polling also showed a 16-percentage point difference in support among women and men, a historically unprecedented gender gap.[191] Supporters created a private, online group, Pantsuit Nation, to share images in support of the candidate and her campaign. Its 2.9 million members used Clinton's typical choice of business wear—the pantsuit—as a symbol of both the candidate and the historical fight for women's equality.[192][193][194]

African-American community

Clinton enjoyed the overwhelming support of African American voters in the Democratic primary elections.[195][196] Overall, 77 percent of black Democratic primary voters supported Clinton.[197] Clinton performed especially well among black women voters.[196] There was a very large age gap among black voters, with the majority of younger black voters (under age 30) favoring Sanders but the overwhelming majority of older black voters favoring Clinton.[198]

In general election polling, Clinton has continued to enjoy an overwhelming advantage among black voters. Nationwide polling in the summer months of 2016 showed Clinton with the support of between 83% and 91% of black voters.[199][200] A key aim of the Clinton campaign was to ensure high voter turnout for African American voters; with President Obama making a personal appeal to black citizens to cast a ballot in the election.[201][202] Younger black voters have been of particular concern to the Clinton campaign, because this demographic is more skeptical of Clinton than their elders.[203][204][205]

Clinton has advocated criminal justice reform as well as support for African-American youth.[206]

LGBT community

Alternate version of Clinton's 2016 campaign logo in rainbow colors, used on Twitter and on Facebook by the campaign, after release of the candidate's April 28, 2015, statement on same-sex marriage

Clinton has made LGBT rights a central issue in her campaign. In addition to promoting broader LGBT rights, she also advocates for the right for transgender people to serve in the military.[207] In the past few years, her public position on same sex marriage has evolved.

Clinton was supportive of many LGBT-rights issues over much of her career, but opposed same-sex marriage, "favoring arrangements like civil unions", a position which "largely tracked public opinion".[208][209] In 2004, she opposed a proposed constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage, and in 2006 she said she would not oppose an effort by New York State officials to legalize same-sex marriage.[208] In March 2013, she formally stated her support for same-sex marriage after stepping down as Secretary of State, stating she supported it "personally and as a matter of policy and law."[208][210] In 2016, her Twitter account stated conversion therapy for minors should be ended.[211]

Clinton condemned Indiana's Religious Freedom Restoration Act.[212] She supported the Obergefell v. Hodges ruling.[213] She also endorsed the Equality Act of 2015.[214][215]

In December 2015, Clinton published a plan for LGBT rights.[216] The next month, the Human Rights Campaign endorsed her for president.[217] She criticized Bernie Sanders for calling the Human Rights Campaign "part of the establishment."[218][219]

In March 2016, in an interview with MSNBC at Nancy Reagan's funeral service, Clinton credited Reagan with starting the national conversation about AIDS. Clinton's comments drew heavy criticism from LGBT groups and the media, who said that the Reagans had ignored the issue, causing Clinton to apologize and retract her statement.[220]

In October 2016, Clinton became the first major-party presidential candidate ever to write an op-ed for an LGBT newspaper (writing for Philadelphia Gay News).[221]

Endorsements

Clinton was endorsed by The New York Times,[222] The Washington Post,[223] Los Angeles Times,[224] Houston Chronicle,[225] The Cincinnati Enquirer,[226][227] The Dallas Morning News,[228] and The Arizona Republic,[229] editorial boards. The Houston Chronicle traditionally endorses Republicans later in the election, but chose to endorse Clinton in July. The Dallas Morning News had not endorsed a Democrat for president since 1940. The Cincinnati Enquirer had not endorsed a Democratic presidential candidate for almost 100 years. The Arizona Republic, which began publishing in 1890, had never endorsed a Democratic candidate.

USA Today, which had never endorsed a presidential candidate, broke the tradition and took sides in the race with an editorial which declared Trump as "erratic", describing his business career as "checkered", calling him a "serial liar" and "unfit for the presidency". The newspaper, however, said the "editorial does not represent unqualified support for Hillary Clinton."[230][231][232] The Atlantic, which had only made two presidential endorsements in its 160-year history, endorsed Clinton.[233]

Election results

Cartogram showing anticipated 2016 Electoral College projections. Each square represents one elector.

On November 8, 2016, Clinton lost the presidential election to Donald Trump in what the New York Times called a "surprise outcome" after polls leading up to election day had predicted a Clinton victory.[234][235] Clinton lost the electoral vote while winning the popular vote. She congratulated Trump on the win in the early morning hours of November 9, 2016, and delivered her public concession speech at 11:50 AM ET, November 9, 2016.[236] As of November 28, Trump received 306 electoral college votes to Clinton's 232.[237][238][239] Counting of absentee and provisional ballots continues in several states, among them New York, California, and Washington. In the nationwide popular vote, Clinton received over 2.5 million more votes than Trump, and her lead is expected to grow as vote counting continues.[240][241][242] This is the widest-ever lead in the popular vote for a candidate who lost the election.[243]

A recount of votes is under way in Wisconsin, and a request for a recount has been filed in Pennsylvania.[239]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ In US elections, suspending a campaign allows candidates to cease active campaigning while still legally raising funds to pay off their debts.[133]

References

  1. ↑ Debenedetti, Gabriel; Karni, Annie (April 3, 2015). "Hillary Clinton's Brooklyn". Politico. Archived from the original on December 2, 2015. Clinton's staffers... setting up... at 1 Pierrepont Plaza in Brooklyn Heights.
  2. ↑ Keith, Tamara (May 15, 2015). "The 13 Questions Hillary Clinton Has Answered From The Press". It's All Politics. NPR. Archived from the original on December 14, 2015.
  3. ↑ Chozick, Amy; Martin, Jonathan (September 3, 2016). "Where Has Hillary Clinton Been? Ask the Ultrarich". The New York Times. The campaign’s finance team is led by Dennis Cheng, previously the chief fund-raiser for the Clinton Foundation, and it employs a couple dozen staff members. Mr. Cheng, who attends the events with Mrs. Clinton, offers donors a number of contribution options that provide them and their families varying levels of access to Mrs. Clinton.
  4. ↑ "Committee/Candidate Details" (Hillary for America (C00575795)). Federal Election Commission. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
  5. ↑ Clinton, Hillary (April 12, 2015). Getting Started – via YouTube.
  6. ↑ "AP count: Clinton has delegates to win Democratic nomination". ap.org. 2016-06-06. Retrieved 2016-11-22.
  7. ↑ Chozick, Amy; Healy, Patrick; Alcindor, Yamiche (July 12, 2016). "Bernie Sanders Endorses Hillary Clinton, Hoping to Unify Democrats". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.
  8. ↑ Chozick, Amy; Rappaport, Alan; Martin, Jonathan (July 23, 2016). "Hillary Clinton Selects Tim Kaine, a Popular Senator From a Swing State, as Running Mate". The New York Times.
  9. ↑ McCaskill, Nolan D. (July 26, 2016). "Hillary Clinton breaks the glass ceiling". Politico.
  10. ↑ "Hillary Clinton concedes". CNN. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  11. ↑ Goddard, Taegan (February 21, 2014). "Did Hillary Clinton ever stop running for president?". The Week.
  12. ↑ Gold, Matea; Helderman, Rosalind S.; Gearan, Anne (May 15, 2015). "Clintons have made more than $25 million for speaking since January 2014". The Washington Post.
  13. ↑ Nicholas Confessore and Jason Horowitz (January 21, 2016). "Hillary Clinton's Paid Speeches to Wall Street Animate Her Opponents". New York Times.
  14. ↑ Amy Chozick, Nicholas Confessore and Michael Barbaro (October 7, 2016). "Leaked Speech Excerpts Show a Hillary Clinton at Ease With Wall Street". New York Times.
  15. ↑ Chozick, Amy; Confessore, Nicholas (October 15, 2016). "Hacked Transcripts Reveal a Genial Hillary Clinton at Goldman Sachs Events". The New York Times. Retrieved November 14, 2016. Most strikingly, Mrs. Clinton did not defend the 2010 Dodd-Frank financial oversight legislation, a major achievement of President Obama and congressional Democrats in the wake of the crisis — and a target of Wall Street lobbying ever since. Instead, Mrs. Clinton suggested that it had been passed for “political reasons” by lawmakers panicked by their angry constituents.
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  23. ↑ Holland, Steve (January 16, 2013). "Hillary Clinton leaving world stage, but for how long?". Reuters.
  24. ↑ Caldwell, Patrick (November 8, 2013). "Future Superdelegates Are Already Kissing Up to Hillary 2016". Mother Jones.
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  29. ↑ Chozick, Amy (May 19, 2015). "Hillary Clinton will Need a Second Chance to Make an Impression". The New York Times.
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  35. ↑ Haberman, Maggie (April 3, 2015). "Clinton Said to Rent Brooklyn Space for Campaign Headquarters". The New York Times.
  36. ↑ Karni, Annie; Debenedetti, Gabriel (April 3, 2015). "Hillary Clinton's Brooklyn". Politico.
  37. 1 2 Chozick, Amy (April 12, 2015). "Hillary Clinton Announces 2016 Presidential Bid". The New York Times.
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  40. ↑ Keith, Tamara; Montanar, Domenico (April 10, 2015). "Hillary Clinton Expected To Go Small With Big Announcement". It's All Politics. NPR.
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  154. ↑ CNN, Eric Bradner. "Clinton didn't think illness was 'going to be that big a deal'".
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  156. ↑ "Hillary Clinton's health just became a real issue in the presidential campaign".
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  180. ↑ "Full Text of Hearing: "Clinton testifies before House committee on Benghazi"". The Washington Post. October 22, 2015.
  181. ↑ Reyes, Raul A. (October 26, 2015). "Clinton testimony upstages GOP's 2016 field". The Hill.
  182. ↑ Flegenheimer, Matt (August 25, 2016). "Hillary Clinton Says 'Radical Fringe' Is Taking Over G.O.P. Under Donald Trump". New York Times.
  183. 1 2 Montanaro, Domenico (September 10, 2016). "Hillary Clinton's 'Basket Of Deplorables,' In Full Context Of This Ugly Campaign". NPR. The remarks also remind of inflammatory remarks in recent presidential elections on both sides — from Barack Obama's assertion in 2008 that people in small towns are "bitter" and "cling to guns or religion," to Mitt Romney's 2012 statement that 47 percent of Americans vote for Democrats because they are "dependent upon government" and believe they are "victims," to his vice presidential pick Paul Ryan's comment that the country is divided between "makers and takers."
  184. 1 2 Epstein, Jennifer (September 10, 2016). "Clinton Calls Some Trump Supporters 'Basket of Deplorables'". Bloomberg News. Republican pollster Frank Luntz described Clinton’s comments as her “47 percent moment,” a reference to Republican Mitt Romney’s remarks at a private fundraiser in the 2012 campaign.
  185. 1 2 Chozick, Amy (September 10, 2016). "Hillary Clinton Calls Many Trump Backers 'Deplorables,' and GOP Pounces". New York Times. Prof. Jennifer Mercieca, an expert in American political discourse at Texas A&M University, said in an email that the “deplorable” comment “sounds bad on the face of it” and compared it to Mr. Romney’s 47 percent gaffe. “The comment demonstrates that she (like Romney) lacks empathy for that group,” Professor Mercieca said.
  186. ↑ Blake, Aaron (September 26, 2016). "Voters strongly reject Hillary Clinton's 'basket of deplorables' approach". The Washington Post. On the other hand, it's not clear whether this comment, even if people don't like it, will have anywhere near the effect that Romney's "47 percent" comment was supposed to have. That's especially because Clinton has backed away from saying it applied to half of Trump supporters and, as I noted two weeks ago, the fact that Romney's comment might have alienated people who actually might have voted for him. Clinton's comment was about people already backing her opponent — a key difference.
  187. ↑ Reilly, Katie (September 10, 2016). "Hillary Clinton Says She Regrets Part of Her 'Deplorables' Comment". Time.
  188. ↑ Cummings, William (September 12, 2016). "'Deplorable' and proud: Some Trump supporters embrace the label". USA Today.
  189. ↑ Hagen, Lisa (September 10, 2016). "Supporters join Trump on stage: We are not deplorable". The Hill.
  190. ↑ Trudo, Hanna; Shepard, Steven (September 12, 2016). "Trump releases new ad hitting Clinton for 'deplorables' remark". Politico.
  191. 1 2 Page, Susan (July 11, 2016). "For Clinton, sisterhood is powerful — and Trump helps". USA Today.
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  193. ↑ Desmond-Harris, Jenée. "Pantsuit Nation, the giant, secret Hillary Facebook group, explained". Retrieved November 17, 2016.
  194. ↑ "Pantsuits Nation on fire: Clinton thanks viral Facebook group". Retrieved November 17, 2016.
  195. ↑ Gil Troy, Why Black Voters Don't Feel the Bern, Politico (March 7, 2016): "Clinton has clobbered Sanders in states, mainly in the South, with large African-American populations....
  196. 1 2 Laura Meckler, Black Women Rally Behind Hillary Clinton, Wall Street Journal (April 28, 2016): "black women have overwhelmingly supported the former senator and secretary of state over rival Bernie Sanders, with 90% or more of them voting for her in some states. In New York, she took 79% of their votes..."
  197. ↑ Sarah Dutton, Jennifer De Pinto & Fred Backus, Who's voting in the Democratic primaries? CBS News (May 17, 2016).
  198. ↑ Perry Bacon Jr., Huge Split Between Older and Younger Blacks in the Democratic Primary, NBC News (May 28, 2016).
  199. ↑ Harry Enten, Trump Is In Fourth Place Among Black Voters, FiveThirtyEight (August 10, 2016).
  200. ↑ Trymaine Lee, Trump's Attempts to Woo Black Voters Are Having Opposite Effect, NBC News (September 3, 2016).
  201. ↑ Scott Clement, How black voters could determine the 2016 election, Washington Post (June 11, 2015).
  202. ↑ Amy Chozick & Julie Hirschfeld Davis, Obama Sees 'Personal Insult' if Blacks Don’t Rally for Hillary Clinton, New York Times (September 19, 2016).
  203. ↑ Jonathan Martin, Young Blacks Voice Skepticism on Hillary Clinton, Worrying Democrats, New York Times (September 4, 2016).
  204. ↑ Farai Chideya, Unlike Their Parents, Black Millennials Aren't A Lock For Clinton, FiveThirtyEight (September 20, 2016).
  205. ↑ Jeremy W. Peters & Yamiche Alcindor, Hillary Clinton Struggles to Win Back Young Voters From Third Parties, New York Times (September 28, 2016).
  206. ↑ Strauss, Daniel (April 29, 2015). "Read The Full Text Of Hillary Clinton's Prison Reform Speech". Talking Points Memo.
  207. ↑ Lerer, Lisa (October 4, 2015). "Hillary Clinton Promotes Gay Rights As Pillar Of 2016 Bid". The Huffington Post. Associated Press.
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  209. ↑ Sherman, Amy (June 17, 2015). "Hillary Clinton's changing position on same-sex marriage". Politifact. ...on same-sex marriage we give Clinton a Full Flop
  210. ↑ Frizell, Sam (April 12, 2015). "What Hillary Clinton Did Before Her Campaign". Time.
  211. ↑ "Hillary Clinton on Twitter: "LGBT kids are perfect exactly the way they are. #BornPerfect". Twitter.com. 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  212. ↑ Hillary Clinton [hillaryclinton] (March 26, 2015). "Sad this new Indiana law can happen in America today. We shouldn't discriminate against ppl bc of who they love #LGBT" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  213. ↑ "Statement from Hillary Clinton on the Supreme Court Decision on Marriage Equality". HillaryClinton.com. June 26, 2015.
  214. ↑ Terkel, Amanda (July 23, 2015). "Hillary Clinton Endorses LGBT Nondiscrimination Bill". The Huffington Post.
  215. ↑ Badash, David (November 7, 2016). "Hillary Clinton Slams HERO Defeat, Explains DOMA 'Defensive Action' Claim". The New Civil Rights Movement.
  216. ↑ "Fighting for Full Equality for LGBT People". HillaryClinton.com.
  217. ↑ "Human Rights Campaign Endorses Hillary Clinton for President". Human Rights Campaign. January 19, 2016.
  218. ↑ Carmon, Irin (January 20, 2016). "Sanders dismisses major women's group as 'establishment'". MSNBC.
  219. ↑ Wright, David (January 20, 2016). "Hillary Clinton hits Bernie Sanders over Planned Parenthood comments". CNN.
  220. ↑ Chozick, Amy (March 11, 2016). "Hillary Clinton Lauds Reagans on AIDS. A Backlash Erupts.". The New York Times.
  221. ↑ "PGN Exclusive: Hillary Clinton addresses LGBT equality". Epgn.com. 2016. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
  222. ↑ Editorial Board (September 24, 2016). "Hilary Clinton for President". The New York Times. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
  223. ↑ Editorial Board (October 13, 2016). "Hillary Clinton for president". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  224. ↑ Politico staff (September 23, 2016). "LA Times endorses Clinton, bashes Trump". Politico. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
  225. ↑ Lim, Naomi (August 1, 2016). "Hillary Clinton endorsed by Houston Chronicle, Trump 'danger to the Republic'". CNN.
  226. ↑ Borcher, Callum (September 23, 2016). "Another conservative newspaper editorial board just endorsed Hillary Clinton". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
  227. ↑ Nelson, Louis (September 23, 2016). "Cincinnati Enquirer bucks tradition, endorses Democrat Clinton". Politico. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
  228. ↑ Borchers, Callum (September 7, 2016). "Dallas Morning News endorses Hillary Clinton, backing first Democrat in 76 years". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
  229. ↑ The Arizona Republic Editorial Board (September 27, 2016). "Endorsement: Hillary Clinton is the only choice to move America ahead".
  230. ↑ September 29, 2016 6:06 p.m. September 29, 2016, 6:06 p.m. (September 29, 2016). "'Don't vote for Trump,' says USA Today in first presidential endorsement in its history". LA Times. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  231. ↑ "USA TODAY's Editorial Board: Trump is 'unfit for the presidency'". Usatoday.com. September 30, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  232. ↑ "USA Today editorial declares Donald Trump is 'unfit for the presidency'". Cnbc.com. September 30, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  233. ↑ Hod, Itay (October 6, 2016). "Donald Trump Makes History With Zero Major Newspaper Endorsements". Yahoo! News. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  234. ↑ "Hillary Clinton has an 85% chance to win". New York Times. 8 November 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  235. ↑ Flegenheimer, Matt; Barbaro, Michael (9 November 2016). "Donald Trump Is Elected President in Stunning Repudiation of the Establishment". New York Times. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  236. ↑ Keneally, Meghan (November 9, 2016). "Hillary Clinton Publicly Concedes: 'This Is Painful, and It Will Be for a Long Time'". ABC News. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
  237. ↑ "2016 election results, presidential results". CNN. November 23, 2016. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
  238. ↑ "Presidential Election Results: Donald J. Trump Wins". The New York Times. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
  239. 1 2 Taylor, Jessica (November 28, 2016). "Trump Officially Wins Michigan As Possible Recount Looms". NPR. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
  240. ↑ Wasserman, David (December 1, 2016). "2016 National Popular Vote Tracker". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
  241. ↑ Evon, Dan (November 13, 2016). "Final vote count 2016". Snopes.com. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
  242. ↑ Conway, Madeline (November 15, 2016). "Clinton's lead in the popular vote passes 1 million". Politico. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
  243. ↑ Montanaro, Domenico (November 25, 2016). "Clinton's Popular-Vote Lead Is Now Over 2 Million, But Don't Expect Big Changes". NPR. Retrieved 26 November 2016.

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