Gary Johnson presidential campaign, 2016

Gary Johnson 2016
Campaign United States presidential election, 2016
Candidate Gary Johnson
Former Governor of New Mexico
(1995–2003)
William Weld
Former Governor of Massachusetts
(1991–97)
Affiliation Libertarian Party
Status Announced: January 6, 2016 (2016-01-06)
Nominated: May 29, 2016 (2016-05-29)
Lost election: November 8, 2016 (2016-11-08)
Headquarters Salt Lake City, Utah
Key people William Weld
(Running mate)
Ron Nielson (campaign manager)
Mike McCauley (treasurer)
Receipts US$11,952,221 (10-22-16)[1]
Slogan Our Best America Yet
Live Free
#TeamGov
Be Libertarian with me
You In?
Website
Official website

The 2016 presidential campaign of Gary Johnson, the 29th Governor of New Mexico, was announced on January 6, 2016, for the nomination of the Libertarian Party for President of the United States. He officially won the nomination on May 29, 2016, at the Libertarian National Convention in Orlando, Florida, receiving 56% of the vote. Former Massachusetts Governor William Weld was endorsed by Johnson for the Libertarian vice-presidential nomination, which he also received on May 29, 2016.

Johnson and Weld form the first ticket of any party to feature two governors since the 1948 presidential election.[2]

The campaign finished third on Election Day, receiving over four million votes and around 3.2% of the vote, both Libertarian Party records for one ticket. They received more votes than the previous eight Libertarian presidential tickets combined. In fact, the vote total received in this election is over 44% of the total presidential votes Libertarians have received since their first ticket in 1972.

Background

Johnson ran as the Libertarian presidential nominee in the 2012 election. In that race, he finished with the third highest popular vote total, nearly 1.3 million votes, and garnered nearly 1% of the popular vote.[3] Johnson's vote total was the highest received by any LP candidate—for any office—in the party's history.[4][5] Shortly after the election, Johnson began to express interest in running for the Libertarian nomination again in the 2016 election.[6][7][8]

Campaign

Original logo
Gary Johnson speaking at the 2016 CPAC in Washington, D.C.

Johnson formally announced his candidacy for the 2016 Libertarian presidential nomination, in an interview with Neil Cavuto on the Fox Business Network program Coast to Coast, on January 6, 2016.[9][10] He subsequently began participating in a series of debates with the other candidates seeking the Libertarian nomination, held at state LP conventions around the country leading up the Libertarian National Convention over Memorial Day weekend in Orlando, Florida.[11][12][13][14]

On March 3, 2016, Johnson addressed the Conservative Political Action Conference in Washington D.C., touting himself as the third-party option for anti-Trump Republicans, and saying that the Libertarian Party would be the only third party able to place its nominee on the ballot in all 50 states in 2016 due to ballot access hurdles.[15][16]

Johnson's campaign attracted increased attention as a possible vehicle for the Stop Trump movement's votes in the general election, once Donald Trump became the presumptive Republican nominee.[17][18][19] Johnson has branded Trump's political views as authoritarian.[20]

On March 15, 2016, Johnson won the North Carolina Libertarian primary with 42% of the vote, ahead of "No Preference" at 35%, with other candidates all polling below 6%.[21] On March 1, 2016, Johnson won the Libertarian Party of Minnesota caucus with 76% of the vote.[22]

On March 29, 2016, Johnson attended the first nationally televised pre-nomination convention Libertarian Party presidential debate, hosted by Fox Business Network, on John Stossel's show Stossel. The two-hour debate was divided into two one hour segments which were televised on April 1 and 8 at 9:00 Eastern Time. The debate featured Johnson, along with Austin Petersen and John McAfee.[23][24]

Following Ted Cruz's withdrawal from the Republican primary elections and Trump becoming the Republican Party's presumptive nominee, it was widely reported that online searches for "Gary Johnson" and "Libertarian Party" spiked sharply on Google.[25][26][27]

In early May, some commentators opined that Johnson was moderate enough to pull votes away from both Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump who are very disliked and polarizing.[28] Both conservative and liberal media noted that Johnson could get votes from "Never Trump" Republicans and disaffected Bernie Sanders supporters.[29] Johnson also began to get time on national television, being invited on ABC News, NBC News, CBS News, CNN, Fox News, MSNBC, Bloomberg, and many other networks.[30]

Nomination

On May 18, Johnson announced that he had chosen former Republican Massachusetts Governor William Weld to be his running mate.[31]

On the first ballot of the 2016 Libertarian National Convention on May 29, 2016, Johnson earned 49.5% of the vote. On the second ballot, he won the nomination with 55.8% of the vote.[32]

Post-nomination

Mitt Romney, the 2012 Republican presidential nominee and also a former Republican governor of Massachusetts, has said he will consider supporting the Johnson-Weld ticket. Romney remarked that "If Bill Weld were at the top of the ticket, it would be very easy" for him to do so.[33]

On June 22, Johnson and Weld participated in a nationally televised Town Hall hosted by CNN.[34]

William Weld and Gary Johnson at a rally in Reno, Nevada, August 2016

On August 3, Johnson and Weld returned to CNN for a second nationally televised town hall. It was viewed by over 1.61 million people.[35]

Beginning on August 12, a pro-Johnson political action committee, America Deserves Better PAC, began running television ads in Maine.[36]

On August 17, Johnson and Weld attended a Libertarian town hall hosted by Fusion.[37]

In August, Johnson's poll numbers began to approach the 15% threshold necessary to make him the first third party candidate in recent history to participate in the broadcast, fall Presidential debates.[38] Johnson also began doing major rallies. On August 5, about 500 people turned out to a rally in Reno, Nevada.[39] The following day he attended an event at the University of Utah.[40]

On August 17, Johnson and Weld attended a rally/town hall, attended by about 600 people, at the Wertheim Performing Arts Center in Miami, Florida.[41][42] The following day, Johnson and Weld held a Las Vegas, Nevada rally at The Foundry SLS Las Vegas.[43]

The campaign held events in Burlington Vermont, Concord, New Hampshire, Lewiston, Maine where pro-Johnson super-PAC ads are being aired, and Boston, Massachusetts home of Bill Weld. The campaign also added a brunch with Johnson and Weld in Portland, Maine.[44] Over the weekend, hundreds of people attended each of the rallies.[45][46][47]

In early September the Gary Johnson campaign began its first wave of paid TV ads. They were targeted at the Western states of Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, and Washington and the northeast state of New Hampshire.[48]

Gary Johnson and William Weld

Purple PAC began airing pro-Johnson television ads in August.[49] In early September, Americans Deserve Better super-PAC announced that support for Johnson has nearly doubled in Maine's 2nd congressional district.[50]

In response to Johnson's growing poll numbers, the Hillary Clinton campaign and Democratic allies increased their criticism against Johnson in September 2016, warning that "a vote for a third party is a vote for Donald Trump" and deploying Senator Bernie Sanders (Clinton's former primary rival and now-supporter) to win over voters who might be considering voting for Johnson or for Green Party candidate Jill Stein.[51] Democrats circulated "embarrassing videos of Johnson" and directed more resources toward winning "young voters and left-leaning independents" - a key Johnson demographic.[51]

Comments on foreign policy

In September and October 2016, Johnson suffered a "string of damaging stumbles when he has fielded questions about foreign affairs."[52][53]

On September 8, Johnson drew widespread attention, much of it negative, when he appeared on MSNBC's Morning Joe and, after discussing the "Nader effect," was asked by panelist Mike Barnicle, "What would you do, if you were elected, about Aleppo?" (referring to a war-torn city in Syria). Johnson responded, "And what is Aleppo?"[54] When an "incredulous" Barnicle said "Aleppo is in Syria -- it's the epicenter of the refugee crisis," Johnson responded by saying that "the only way that we deal with Syria is to join hands with Russia to diplomatically bring that at an end."[55] Johnson criticized U.S. support for the Free Syrian Army and Kurdish forces and stated that the "mess" in Syria was "the result of regime change that we end up supporting. And, inevitably, these regime changes have led to a less-safe world."[55] Johnson's "what is Aleppo?" question prompted widespread attention.[54][56] Later that day, Johnson said that he had "blanked" and that he did "understand the dynamics of the Syrian conflict - I talk about them every day,"[56] but that he immediately thought that Barnicle's reference to "Aleppo" was in relation to "an acronym, not the Syrian conflict."[56]

During a CNBC town hall television broadcast on September 28, Johnson was asked by moderator Chris Matthews, "Who's your favorite foreign leader?" Johnson at first stated "the former president of Mexico" but could not identify him by name. Johnson then stated: "I guess I'm having an Aleppo moment" and "I'm having a brain freeze."[57][58] Johnson's failure to identify a foreign leader that he admired attracted media attention - including a New York Times article with the headline, "Gary Johnson Can’t Name a Single Foreign Leader."[58][59] Johnson later stood by his reluctance to "point out an elected leader, foreign leader that I admire," saying in a CNN interview, "I held a lot of people in this country on pedestals and then I get to meet them up front and personal and I find out that they're all about getting re-elected, that they're not about issues, a lot of empty suits that I held up on pedestals."[60]

In speaking about the Syrian Civil War in an interview with The New York Times in October 2016, Johnson drew a moral equivalence between the Assad regime's intentional killing of hundreds of thousands of Syrian civilians with the accidental killing of civilians by U.S.-backed forces.[52] Johnson criticized Clinton, the former secretary of state, for what he characterized as her excessively interventionist leanings, and suggested that Clinton, as former secretary of state, was at least partially responsible for the crisis in Syria.[52] Johnson also lamented the fact that the public placed pressure on U.S. leaders to " get tough on this stuff, on these atrocities."[52]

In the same interview, when asked if he knew the name of North Korea's leader, Johnson responded "I do" but refused to name Kim Jong-un when pressed.[52] The "misstep" prompted media attention and was described as "embarrassing to the campaign."[61][62][63][64]

Presidential debates

A major goal of the Johnson campaign has been to secure the necessary polling-support threshold of 15%, set by the Commission on Presidential Debates, to be invited to participate in the televised presidential debates alongside Clinton and Trump.[65][66][67]

In late 2015, Johnson and Green Party candidate Jill Stein, both represented by attorney Bruce Fein, filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, seeking to compel their inclusion in the debates. The case was dismissed in August 2016, with Judge Rosemary Collyer finding that the plaintiffs had no viable legal claim.[66]

On August 5, the editorial board of the Chicago Tribune called on polling organizations to "acknowledge" Johnson, giving him an opportunity to garner the necessary level of support to participate in the presidential debates.[68] The Boston Herald followed on September 7.[69] Former Governors Mitt Romney, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Mitch Daniels, without endorsing Johnson, have called for him to be in the debates,[70][71][72] as has commentator Joseph Steinberg.[73]

On September 16, the commission announced the official invitation of both Clinton and Trump to participate in the first debate to be held on September 26 at Hofstra University, but Johnson did not meet the established criteria, and would not be a participant in the debate.[74][75] It was also announced that Mike Pence and Tim Kaine would be participating in the only scheduled vice presidential debate, to take place at Longwood University on October 4, and Weld did not reach the cutoff.[74][75]

Social media campaign

The Balanced Rebellion video in which "Dead Abe Lincoln" endorses Johnson, and offers a vote trading solution for disaffected never-Trump and never-Hillary voters, has been the most widely viewed viral video of any candidate in the 2016 campaign.[76]

Fundraising and campaign expenditures

By the Johnson campaign

From January to June 2016, Johnson raised a total of $1.4 million, far surpassing Johnson's fundraising in his 2012 run.[77] (Johnson's 2012 presidential campaign remains about $1.9 million in debt.)[78]

During an online "money bomb" fundraising effort in the first two weeks of August, the campaign stated that over 90,000 people contributed, and that the average contribution was $32.[77] In August 2016, Johnson became the first third-party presidential candidate to raise $5 million in a single month since at least 1996.[79]

From January to late May 2016, the Johnson campaign had spent about $334,000; more than 70% of expenditures were paid to the Utah-based Liberty Consulting Service, the consulting firm of Ron Nielson, Johnson's campaign manager.[78] By August 2016, the Johnson campaign had spent about $15,000 on general-election television advertisements.[80] The Johnson campaign's expenditures in August 2016 totaled $3.7 million, bringing its cash-on-hand to about $2.5 million.[81] Some 49% of August expenditures ($1.8 million) were made to the Utah-based advertising agency Evan Twede, Inc.; $550,000 to Liberty Consulting, and slightly more than $250,000 for Facebook advertisements.[81]

By Libertarian-aligned super PACs

Johnson got and gladly received the support of two Libertarian-aligned super PACs, Purple PAC (founded by Ed Crane) and Americans Deserve Better (chiefly funded by Jeff Yass). As of August 2016, the super PACs combined have spent about $100,000 on advertising in support of the Johnson/Weld campaign[82][83]

Polling

Libertarian primaries

The Libertarian Party conducted presidential primaries in only a few states. All delegates to the Libertarian National Convention were unpledged, meaning that they could vote for the candidate of their choice. In pre-nomination preference polls conducted by state Libertarian Parties, Johnson won first place in most states preceding the Libertarian National Convention at the end of May.[84]

Of the states which conducted a non-binding Libertarian presidential primary, Johnson won in North Carolina, Nebraska, and in the Minnesota caucuses. Due to early deadlines, he was not on the ballot in Missouri, where 'Uncommitted' received the most votes.[85][86][87][88]

General election

Johnson at a rally in Phoenix, Arizona, October 1, 2016

In late September 2016, Johnson's support was placed at 8.6% by the RealClearPolitics average of presidential polls and at 7.9% by the FiveThirtyEight polls-only forecasting model.[81] Johnson's highest polling nationally to date has been 13 percent against Clinton and Trump.[89]

A Washington Post-SurveyMonkey 50-state poll was conducted online between August 9 and September 1 found that Gary Johnson was polling at 10% or higher in 42 states, and at 15% or higher in 15 states (Johnson received 25% in his home state of New Mexico and 23% in Utah).[90]

A poll conducted in mid-August by the Pew Research Center found that Johnson was supported by about 10% of registered voters. Of Johnson supporters, more than 60% identified as independent and more than 70% were younger than fifty years old. Johnson's supporters were evenly divided between men and women.[91]

A poll conducted by NBC News/Survey Monkey between September 5 and 11 found that Gary Johnson was leading among independent voters at 31%, and 11% overall.[92]

Political positions

During his campaign, Johnson has identified "the biggest threat in the world today" as North Korea, saying: "At some point, the intercontinental missiles are going to work."[93]

Endorsements

On August 6, U.S. Representative Scott Rigell, Republican of Virginia, announced his support for Johnson, marking the candidate's first endorsement by a member of Congress.[94]

Johnson has received the endorsement of the editorial boards of nine daily newspapers: the Chicago Tribune, the Detroit News, the New Hampshire Union Leader, the Winston-Salem Journal, and the Richmond Times-Dispatch.[95][96] All five papers had traditionally endorsed Republican candidates, but endorsed Johnson over Trump, who received zero newspaper endorsements.[95] Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, however, lead in newspaper endorsements, surpassing the other candidates even among conservative-leaning papers.[95][97]

Results

The campaign finished third on Election Day, but Johnson received over 4.2 million votes and around 3.3% of the vote, both Libertarian Party records for one ticket. The highest percentage of votes received by Johnson was in New Mexico (where he was governor over a decade ago), with over 9%.[98]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Gary Johnson Candidate Summary 2016". Retrieved October 27, 2016.
  2. ↑ Lizza, Ryan (July 25, 2016). "The Libertarians' Secret Weapon". The New Yorker. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
  3. ↑ "Federal Elections 2012 Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives" (PDF). FEC.gov. July 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  4. ↑ Pfeiffer, Eric (November 7, 2012). "Gary Johnson runs most successful Libertarian campaign in party's history". Yahoo! News. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  5. ↑ Harrington, Gerry (November 8, 2012). "Libertarian Party buoyant; Greens hopeful". UPI.com. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  6. ↑ Quinn, Garret (November 6, 2012). "As Gary Johnson Hovers Below 1 Percent, Talk of 2016". Reason.com. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  7. ↑ Ershadi, Julie (April 30, 2013). "Gary Johnson: I'm More Conservative and More Liberal Than Both Parties". Roll Call. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  8. ↑ Kantrowitz, Alex (May 28, 2013). "Six Months Later: Gary Johnson In A Candid Conversation On Post Campaign Life". Forbes. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
  9. ↑ Easley, Jonathan (January 6, 2016). "Libertarian Gary Johnson launches White House bid". The Hill. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
  10. ↑ Schouten, Fredreka (January 6, 2016). "Gary Johnson announces presidential bid". USA Today. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
  11. ↑ "Gary Johnson: Third party is going to be the Libertarian Party | On Air Videos | Fox Business". Video.foxbusiness.com. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
  12. ↑ "Alabama and Mississippi LP host Presidential debate February 27 | Libertarian Party". Lp.org. February 27, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
  13. ↑ "Libertarian Party of IL Presidential Debate at Springfield, Illinois". YouTube. April 8, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
  14. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
  15. ↑ "Gary Johnson: Third party is going to be the Libertarian Party | On Air Videos". Fox Business. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
  16. ↑ Benjy Sarlin, Anti-Trump forces have few options for third party alternative, MSNBC (March 4, 2016): "'I am the third party,' former New Mexico Gov. Gary Johnson, the party’s 2012 nominee, told conservative gathering CPAC on Thursday. 'The Libertarian Party will be on the ballot in all 50 states.'"
  17. ↑ "The Third Party Dilemma". The New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  18. ↑ "Anti-Trump Republicans Call for a Third-Party Option". The New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  19. ↑ Gillespie, Nick (January 6, 2016). "Exclusive: Gary Johnson Running For President, Call Trump's Plans "Just Whacked – Just Nuts!"". Reason. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
  20. ↑ Alexander Burns & Maggie Haberban (August 23, 2016). "Gary Johnson, Libertarian Nominee, Denounces Donald Trump as Authoritarian". New York Times.
  21. ↑ "SenateNC HouseJudicialReferendaCross-County Local". Er.ncsbe.gov. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  22. ↑ "2016 LPMN Caucus Results of presidential preference poll | Libertarian Party of Minnesota". LPMN.org. March 1, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
  23. ↑ "Inside the Beltway: Libertarian hopefuls spar over Nazi-themed wedding cake on Fox forum". Washington Times. March 31, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
  24. ↑ "FBN's John Stossel Hosts Libertarian Presidential Forum Featuring Johnson, McAfee & Petersen". Fox Business. March 31, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2016.
  25. ↑ "Google Searches for "Libertarian Party" Surge After Ted Cruz Drops Out". Reason.com.
  26. ↑ "Google searches for Libertarian Party surge after Cruz drops out". KTRH.
  27. ↑ Benen, Steve (May 5, 2016). "Gary Johnson hopes to take advantage of a rare opportunity". MSNBC.
  28. ↑ Rogers, Ed (December 14, 2012). "Who is Gary Johnson?". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  29. ↑ "As Between Trump and Clinton, Gary Johnson (or Austin Petersen) is the Best Choice for President". RedState. May 4, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  30. ↑ Watkins, Eli. "Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson: What Donald Trump says is 'ridiculous'". CNN. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  31. ↑ Peoples, Steve (May 18, 2016). "Libertarian Gary Johnson secures running mate". Associated Press. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
  32. ↑ Watkins, Eli (May 29, 2016). "Gary Johnson wins Libertarian presidential nomination at party convention". CNN. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
  33. ↑ "Mitt Romney says Donald Trump will change America with 'trickle-down racism'". CNN.com. June 11, 2016.
  34. ↑ Moody, Chris. "Libertarian town hall: 5 takeaways". CNN. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
  35. ↑ Concha, Joe (August 4, 2016). "Libertarian town hall boosts CNN in key ratings race". thehill.com. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  36. ↑ "Pro-Gary Johnson ads set to air". Politico.
  37. ↑ "Fusion to host town hall with Libertarian ticket". TheHill. August 13, 2016. Retrieved August 20, 2016.
  38. ↑ Cooper, Matthew. "Libertarian Gary Johnson Is Nearing a Prime-Time Slot". Newsweek.com. Retrieved August 20, 2016.
  39. ↑ "The Libertarian Party ticket was finalized in Nevada". Reno Gazette-Journal. July 29, 2015. Retrieved August 20, 2016.
  40. ↑ Jeff McAdam. "Libertarian presidential candidate Gary Johnson holds rally at University of Utah". KSTU. Retrieved August 20, 2016.
  41. ↑ "Presidential candidate Gary Johnson in Miami makes case for third party | Opinion". Sun Sentinel. July 19, 2016. Retrieved August 20, 2016.
  42. ↑ "Libertarian Presidential Nominee Gary Johnson Appeals To Discouraged Voters In Miami". WLRN. Retrieved August 20, 2016.
  43. ↑ "Libertarian Gary Johnson makes third-party pitch in Las Vegas". Las Vegas Sun News. August 18, 2016.
  44. ↑ "Upcoming Events - Gary Johnson for President". Johnsonweld.com. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
  45. ↑ "Libertarian Presidential Ticket Holds Burlington Rally". WAMC. August 25, 2016. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
  46. ↑ Dube, Stephanie (August 25, 2016). "Gary Johnson's Concord, NH Rally: Photos You Need to See | Heavy.com | Page 2". Heavy.com. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
  47. ↑ By Jeremy C. Fox (August 27, 2016). "Libertarian candidates Johnson and Weld make their case in Boston". The Boston Globe. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
  48. ↑ "Gary Johnson's Campaign TV Ads Stress Experience, Honesty, and Keeping Government Out of Our Pocketbook and Our Bedroom". September 9, 2016.
  49. ↑ Weigel, David (August 25, 2016). "Super PAC goes on the air for Gary Johnson as he struggles for debate access". Washington Post. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  50. ↑ "Gary Johnson-Supporting SuperPAC Thinks Polls Show They Nearly Doubled Support for Johnson in a Maine District". September 7, 2016.
  51. 1 2 Jonathan Easley & Ben Kamisar (September 28, 2016). "Democrats target Libertarian ticket". The Hill.
  52. 1 2 3 4 5 Maggie Haberman & Alexander Burns, Gary Johnson Equates Syria Deaths Caused by Assad and West, New York Times (October 5, 2016).
  53. ↑ David Weigel, Gary Johnson gives a foreign policy speech and chides the media for giving him pop quizzes, Washington Post (October 7, 2016): " Johnson tried to put a string of foreign policy gaffes behind him on Friday ..."
  54. 1 2 Wright, David. "What is Aleppo?". CNN. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  55. 1 2 "Read the Interview Where Gary Johnson Asked What Aleppo Is". Time. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
  56. 1 2 3 Nelson, Louis (September 8, 2016). "Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson: 'What is Aleppo?'". Politico. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
  57. ↑ Weigel, David. "Gary Johnson has 'Aleppo moment' when asked to name favorite foreign leader". Washington Post. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  58. 1 2 Woolf, Nicky. "US presidential candidate Gary Johnson fails to name a foreign leader he admires". Guardian. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  59. ↑ "'I Guess I'm Having an Aleppo Moment': Gary Johnson Can't Name a Single Foreign Leader".
  60. ↑ "Gary Johnson stands by being skeptical of elected officials, foreign leaders". CNN. October 4, 2016.
  61. ↑ Sammy Nickalls, Gary Johnson Doesn't Know the Name of North Korea's Leader: Johnson had yet another "Aleppo" moment, Esquire (October 5, 2016).
  62. ↑ Cameron Joseph, Gary Johnson refuses to name North Korea leader Kim Jong-Un in foreign policy interview, New York Daily News (October 6, 2016).
  63. ↑ Carla Herreria, Gary Johnson Couldn't Name North Korea's Leader, Kim Jong-Un: Yet another embarrassing Aleppo moment for the Libertarian presidential nominee, Huffington Post (October 6, 2016).
  64. ↑ Daniel Strauss, Gary Johnson won't name leader of North Korea, Politico (October 5, 2016).
  65. ↑ Brian Stelter, Debates: What it will take for Gary Johnson or Jill Stein to make it in, CNN Money (August 15, 2016).
  66. 1 2 David Weigel, Third-party candidates lose legal fight to get into presidential debates, Washington Post (August 5, 2016).
  67. ↑ Bill Scher, Did Gary Johnson Just Get Boxed Out of the Debates?, Politico Magazine (August 16, 2016).
  68. ↑ Editorial Board (August 5, 2016). "Editorial: Let Libertarian Gary Johnson debate Clinton and Trump". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  69. ↑ "Editorial: Let Gary Johnson debate". Boston Herald. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  70. ↑ "Mitch Daniels wants Libertarian Gary Johnson in presidential debates". Indystar.com. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  71. ↑ Weigel, David (January 1, 1970). "Mitt Romney wants Gary Johnson on debate stage, but isn't endorsing him". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  72. ↑ Schwarzenegger, Arnold. "Arnold Schwarzenegger on Facebook". Facebook. Retrieved October 27, 2016.
  73. ↑ Joseph Steinberg (September 15, 2016). "For America's Sake, Let Gary Johnson Debate". Inc. Magazine. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  74. 1 2 "CPD Invites Hillary Clinton and Donald J. Trump to Debate". Commission on Presidential Debates. September 16, 2016. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  75. 1 2 Gold, Hadas (September 16, 2016). "Johnson and Stein fail to make cut for first presidential debate". Politico. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  76. ↑ T.L. Stanley. "Gary Johnson Had the Most Viral Ad of the 2016 Election. Was It All for Nothing?". Adweek. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  77. 1 2 Byron Tau, Gary Johnson's Campaign Steps Up Its Fundraising, Wall Street Journal (August 16, 2016).
  78. 1 2 Michael Beckelemail, Libertarian presidential hopeful's spending on consultants draws ire: Some Libertarian activists upset with former New Mexico Gov. Gary Johnson, Center for Public Integrity (May 26, 2016).
  79. ↑ Julia Boccagno, Libertarian candidate Gary Johnson sets fundraising milestone among third-party candidates, CBS News (September 21, 2016).
  80. ↑ Murray, Mark (August 9, 2016). "Clinton Campaign Now Outspending Trump on Ads - $52 Million to 0". NBC News. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
  81. 1 2 3 Jack Noland, With poll numbers stagnant, Stein and Johnson spend big in August, Center for Responsive Politics (September 23, 2016).
  82. ↑ David Weigel, Super PAC goes on the air for Gary Johnson as he struggles for debate access, Washington Post (August 25, 2016).
  83. ↑ Michael Beckelemail, Super PACs boost Libertarian Gary Johnson’s long-shot presidential bid: Americans Deserve Better, Purple PAC out with new ad campaigns, Center for Public Integrity (August 20, 2016).
  84. ↑ "Andy Craig: Map of Libertarian Party Straw Poll Winners". Independent Political Report.
  85. ↑ "2016 LPMN Caucus Results of presidential preference poll | Libertarian Party of Minnesota". Lpmn.org. March 1, 2016. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  86. ↑ "State of Missouri – General Election – November 4, 2014 : Official Results". Er.ncsbe.gov. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  87. ↑ "03/15/2016 Unofficial Local Election Results – Statewide". Er.ncsbe.gov. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  88. ↑ "Nebraska Secretary of State – Election Night Results – May 10th, 2016". Electionresults.sos.ne.gov. May 10, 2016. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  89. ↑ Agiesta, Jennifer (July 17, 2016). "Poll: Advantage Clinton as conventions begin". CNN. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  90. ↑ Gamio, Lazaro. "New poll shows how Trump-Clinton matchup is redrawing the electoral map". Washington Post. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  91. ↑ Giovanni Russonello, Libertarian Gary Johnson Polls at 10 Percent. Who Are His Supporters?, New York Times (September 4, 2016).
  92. ↑ http://ivn.us/2016/09/20/poll-gary-johnson-holds-clear-lead-among-independents/
  93. ↑ "Gary Johnson Interview with Lawrence O'Donnell". The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell. MSNBC. May 31, 2016 – via Archive.org.
  94. ↑ Alexander Burns (August 7, 2016). "Congressman Backs Libertarian Presidential Candidate in Campaign First". The New York Times.
  95. 1 2 3 Callum Borchers, Gary Johnson aquired 9 daily newspaper endorsements. Donald Trump is stuck at zero, Washington Post (October 3, 2016).
  96. ↑ Allison Kite, Gary Johnson Keeps Picking Up Newspaper Endorsements, Wall Street Journal (October 30, 2016).
  97. ↑ Jim Rutenberg, The Editorialists Have Spoken; Will Voters Listen?, New York Times (October 5, 2016).
  98. ↑ http://www.cnn.com/election/results/states/new-mexico

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