Pan-Latinism

Pan-Latinism is an ideology that promotes the unification of the Romance-speaking peoples.[1]

History

Bust of Jean Charles-Brun, a proponent of international pan-Latinism and a Latin Confederation[2]

It has been claimed that pan-Latinism originated in Italy, itself the place of origin of original Latins, in the medieval era with Italian poet Dante Alighieri who spoke in favour of the idea in an imperial form of world or at least European domination by Latins.[3]

The term pan-Latinism was coined by Torres de Caicedo (1830–1889).[4] Pan-Latinism originated on the idea of a common Latin race.[5]

Pan-Latinism first arose in prominence in France particularly from the influence of Michel Chevalier (1806–1879) who contrasted the "Latin" peoples of the Americas with the "Anglo-Saxon" peoples there.[6] 19th century French writer Stendhal spoke of "Latinism" as an imperial idea that the Latins should rule over their non-Latin neighbours.[7] Later it was adopted by Napoleon III who declared support for the cultural unity of Latin peoples and presented France as the modern leader of the Latin peoples that was used to justify French intervention in Mexican politics that led to the creation of the pro-French Second Mexican Empire.[8]

In the aftermath of France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War and the creation of a state of Germany, French political theorist Gabriel Hanotaux rejected claims that the era of imperial dominance of the Latin peoples and the French in particular, was over and that the new era was one of imperial dominance of the Anglo-Saxon, Germanic, and Slavic peoples.[9] Hanotaux claimed that the Latin peoples had an imperial role to play in colonization of Africa, and claimed that Latin peoples' imperial holdings should include Africa and South America while the Anglo-Saxon people's imperial holding would be North America, the Germanic peoples' would be Central Europe, and the Slavic peoples' would be Siberia.[10]

A democratic and confederal form of pan-Latinism arose through the influence of Occitan French figure Frédéric Mistral who advocated regional autonomy for Occitania in France, also advocated pan-Latinism after contacting Catalans who supported autonomy of Catalonia alongside Latin unity.[11] Mistral influenced Jean Charles-Brun, whom had impressed Mistral Le Regionalisme.[12] Charles-Brun advocated an international Latinism and the creation of a democratic "confederation latine" ("Latin Confederation") while rejecting Latin imperialist proposals of a "Latin Empire".[13]

Pan-Latinism was an important component of Italian Fascism that was used alongside Romanitas to promote Italian racial superiority.[14]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Thomas H. Holloway. A Companion to Latin American History. Blackwell Publishing, Ltd., 2011. P. 7.
  2. ↑ Julian Wright. The Regionalist Movement in France, 1890–1914: Jean Charles-Brun and French Political Thought. Oxford University Press, 2003. P. 72.
  3. ↑ René Maunier. The Sociology of Colonies: An Introduction to the Study of Race Contact, Part 1. London, England, UK: Routledge, 1949, 1998, 2002. P. 203.
  4. ↑ João Feres. The concept of Latin America in the United States: misrecognition and social scientific discourse. Nova Science Publishers, 2010. P. 38.
  5. ↑ João Feres. The concept of Latin America in the United States: misrecognition and social scientific discourse. Nova Science Publishers, 2010. P. 38.
  6. ↑ Thomas H. Holloway. A Companion to Latin American History. Blackwell Publishing, Ltd., 2011. P. 7.
  7. ↑ René Maunier. The Sociology of Colonies: An Introduction to the Study of Race Contact, Part 1. London, England, UK: Routledge, 1949, 1998, 2002. P. 203.
  8. ↑ Thomas H. Holloway. A Companion to Latin American History. Blackwell Publishing, Ltd., 2011. P. 7.
  9. ↑ H. L. Wesseling. Certain Ideas of France: Essays on French History and Civilization. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002. P. 138.
  10. ↑ H. L. Wesseling. Certain Ideas of France: Essays on French History and Civilization. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002. P. 138.
  11. ↑ Julian Wright. The Regionalist Movement in France, 1890–1914: Jean Charles-Brun and French Political Thought. Oxford University Press, 2003. P. 72.
  12. ↑ Julian Wright. The Regionalist Movement in France, 1890–1914: Jean Charles-Brun and French Political Thought. Oxford University Press, 2003. P. 72.
  13. ↑ Julian Wright. The Regionalist Movement in France, 1890–1914: Jean Charles-Brun and French Political Thought. Oxford University Press, 2003. P. 72.
  14. ↑ Caesar in the USA. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, USA: University of California Press, 2012. P. 104-105
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