IRF4

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB

List of PDB id codes
2DLL

Identifiers

Aliases

IRF4, LSIRF, MUM1, NF-EM5, SHEP8, interferon regulatory factor 4

External IDs

MGI: 1096873 HomoloGene: 1842 GeneCards: IRF4

Genetically Related Diseases

chronic lymphocytic leukemia, skin carcinoma, progressive supranuclear palsy^[1]

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• sequence-specific DNA binding • DNA binding • transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding • transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding • transcription factor binding • regulatory region DNA binding • RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding • protein-lysine N-methyltransferase activity • protein binding
Cellular component	• cytoplasm • nuclear nucleosome • cytosol • membrane • nucleoplasm • nucleus
Biological process	• positive regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway • regulation of T-helper cell differentiation • myeloid dendritic cell differentiation • transcription, DNA-templated • T-helper 17 cell lineage commitment • positive regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • peptidyl-lysine methylation • negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway • positive regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process • type I interferon signaling pathway • histone H3 acetylation • histone H4 acetylation • positive regulation of DNA binding • T cell activation • positive regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • defense response to protozoan • protein methylation • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


3662


16364

Ensembl


ENSG00000137265


ENSMUSG00000021356

UniProt


Q15306


Q64287

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_001195286 NM_002460


NM_013674

RefSeq (protein)


NP_001182215.1 NP_002451.2


NP_038702.1

Location (UCSC)

Chr 6: 0.39 – 0.41 Mb

Chr 13: 30.75 – 30.77 Mb

PubMed search

^[2]

^[3]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Interferon regulatory factor 4 also known as MUM1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF4 gene,^[4]^[5]^[6] located at 6p25-p23.

The MUM1 symbol is polysemous; although it is an older synonym for IRF4 (HGNC:6119), it is also the current HGNC official symbol for melanoma associated antigen (mutated) 1 (HGNC:29641; located at 19p13.3).

Clinical significance

In melanocytic cells the IRF4 gene may be regulated by MITF.^[7] IRF4 is a transcription factor that has been implicated in acute leukemia.^[8] This gene is strongly associated with pigmentation: sensitivity of skin to sun exposure, freckles, blue eyes, and brown hair color.^[9] A variant has been implicated in greying of hair.^[10]

Interactions

IRF4 has been shown to interact with:

References

↑ "Diseases that are genetically associated with IRF4 view/edit references on wikidata".
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
↑ Grossman A, Mittrücker HW, Nicholl J, Suzuki A, Chung S, Antonio L, Suggs S, Sutherland GR, Siderovski DP, Mak TW (Feb 1997). "Cloning of human lymphocyte-specific interferon regulatory factor (hLSIRF/hIRF4) and mapping of the gene to 6p23-p25". Genomics. 37 (2): 229–33. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0547. PMID 8921401.
↑ Xu D, Zhao L, Del Valle L, Miklossy J, Zhang L (Jun 2008). "Interferon regulatory factor 4 is involved in Epstein-Barr virus-mediated transformation of human B lymphocytes". J Virol. 82 (13): 6251–8. doi:10.1128/JVI.00163-08. PMC 2447047. PMID 18417578.
↑ "Entrez Gene: IRF4 interferon regulatory factor 4".
↑ Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, Widmer DS, Praetorius C, Einarsson SO, et al. (2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy". Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 21 (6): 665–76. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x. PMID 19067971.
↑ Adamaki M, Lambrou GI, Athanasiadou A, Tzanoudaki M, Vlahopoulos S, Moschovi M (2013). "Implication of IRF4 aberrant gene expression in the acute leukemias of childhood". PLoS ONE. 8 (8): e72326. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072326. PMC 3744475. PMID 23977280.
↑ Praetorius C, Grill C, Stacey SN, Metcalf AM, Gorkin DU, Robinson KC, et al. (November 2013). "A Polymorphism in IRF4 Affects Human Pigmentation through a Tyrosinase-Dependent MITF/TFAP2A Pathway". Cell. 155 (5): 1022–33. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.10.022. PMID 24267888.
↑ Adhikari K, Fontanil T, Cal S, Mendoza-Revilla J, Fuentes-Guajardo M, Chacón-Duque JC, et al. (2016). "A genome-wide association scan in admixed Latin Americans identifies loci influencing facial and scalp hair features". Nature Communications. 7: 10815. doi:10.1038/ncomms10815. PMC 4773514. PMID 26926045. Lay summary – BBC News.
1 2 Gupta S, Jiang M, Anthony A, Pernis AB (December 1999). "Lineage-specific modulation of interleukin 4 signaling by interferon regulatory factor 4". J. Exp. Med. 190 (12): 1837–48. doi:10.1084/jem.190.12.1837. PMC 2195723. PMID 10601358.
↑ Rengarajan J, Mowen KA, McBride KD, Smith ED, Singh H, Glimcher LH (April 2002). "Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) interacts with NFATc2 to modulate interleukin 4 gene expression". J. Exp. Med. 195 (8): 1003–12. doi:10.1084/jem.20011128. PMC 2193700. PMID 11956291.
↑ Brass AL, Zhu AQ, Singh H (February 1999). "Assembly requirements of PU.1-Pip (IRF-4) activator complexes: inhibiting function in vivo using fused dimers". EMBO J. 18 (4): 977–91. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.4.977. PMC 1171190. PMID 10022840.
↑ Escalante CR, Shen L, Escalante MC, Brass AL, Edwards TA, Singh H, Aggarwal AK (July 2002). "Crystallization and characterization of PU.1/IRF-4/DNA ternary complex". J. Struct. Biol. 139 (1): 55–9. doi:10.1016/S1047-8477(02)00514-2. PMID 12372320.

External links

FactorBook IRF4
IRF4 protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

PDB gallery

2dll: Solution structure of the IRF domain of human interferon regulator factors 4

Transcription factors and intracellular receptors

(1) Basic domains

(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP)	Activating transcription factor AATF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AP-1 c-Fos FOSB FOSL1 FOSL2 JDP2 c-Jun JUNB JunD BACH 1 2 BATF BLZF1 C/EBP α β γ δ ε ζ CREB 1 3 L1 CREM DBP DDIT3 GABPA HLF MAF B F G K NFE 2 L1 L2 L3 NFIL3 NRL NRF 1 2 3 XBP1

(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)	ATOH1 AhR AHRR ARNT ASCL1 BHLH 2 3 9 ARNTL ARNTL ARNTL2 CLOCK EPAS1 FIGLA HAND 1 2 HES 5 6 HEY 1 2 L HES1 HIF 1A 3A ID 1 2 3 4 LYL1 MESP2 MXD4 MYCL1 MYCN Myogenic regulatory factors MyoD Myogenin MYF5 MYF6 Neurogenins 1 2 3 NeuroD 1 2 NPAS 1 2 3 OLIG 1 2 Pho4 Scleraxis SIM 1 2 TAL 1 2 Twist USF1

(1.3) bHLH-ZIP	AP-4 MAX MXD3 MITF MNT MLX MXI1 Myc SREBP 1 2

(1.4) NF-1	NFI A B C X SMAD R-SMAD 1 2 3 5 9 I-SMAD 6 7 4)

(1.5) RF-X	RFX 1 2 3 4 5 6 ANK

(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)	AP-2 α β γ δ ε

(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains

(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys₄)

subfamily 1	Thyroid hormone α β CAR FXR LXR α β PPAR α β/δ γ PXR RAR α β γ ROR α β γ Rev-ErbA α β VDR

subfamily 2	COUP-TF (I II Ear-2 HNF4 α γ PNR RXR α β γ Testicular receptor 2 4 TLX

subfamily 3	Steroid hormone Androgen Estrogen α β Glucocorticoid Mineralocorticoid Progesterone Estrogen related α β γ

subfamily 4	NUR NGFIB NOR1 NURR1

subfamily 5	LRH-1 SF1

subfamily 6	GCNF

subfamily 0	DAX1 SHP

(2.2) Other Cys₄

GATA
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
MTA
- 1
- 2
- 3
TRPS1

(2.3) Cys₂His₂

General transcription factors
- TFIIA
- TFIIB
- TFIID
- TFIIE
  - 1
  - 2
- TFIIF
- 1
- 2
  - TFIIH
  - 1
  - 2
  - 4
  - 2I
  - 3A
  - 3C1
  - 3C2

ATBF1
BCL
- 6
- 11A
- 11B
CTCF
E4F1
EGR
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
ERV3
GFI1
GLI-Krüppel family
- 1
- 2
- 3
- REST
- S1
- S2
- YY1
HIC
- 1
- 2
HIVEP
- 1
- 2
- 3
IKZF
- 1
- 2
- 3
ILF
- 2
- 3
KLF
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 17
MTF1
MYT1
OSR1
PRDM9
SALL
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
SP
- 1
- 2
- 4
- 7
- 8
TSHZ3
WT1
Zbtb7
- 7A
- 7B
ZBTB
- 11
- 16
- 17
- 20
- 32
- 33
- 40
zinc finger
- 3
- 7
- 9
- 10
- 19
- 22
- 24
- 33B
- 34
- 35
- 41
- 43
- 44
- 51
- 74
- 143
- 146
- 148
- 165
- 202
- 217
- 219
- 238
- 239
- 259
- 267
- 268
- 281
- 295
- 300
- 318
- 330
- 346
- 350
- 365
- 366
- 384
- 423
- 451
- 452
- 471
- 593
- 638
- 644
- 649
- 655

(2.4) Cys₆

HIVEP1

(2.5) Alternating composition

AIRE
DIDO1
GRLF1
ING
- 1
- 2
- 4
JARID
- 1A
- 1B
- 1C
- 1D
- 2
JMJD1B

(2.6) WRKY

WRKY

(3) Helix-turn-helix domains

(3.1) Homeodomain	ARX CDX 1 2 CRX CUTL1 DBX 1 2 DLX 3 4 5 EMX 1 2 EN 1 2 FHL 1 2 3 HESX1 HHEX HLX Homeobox A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A7 A9 A10 A11 A13 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B13 C4 C5 C6 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 D1 D3 D4 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 HOPX IRX 1 2 3 4 5 6 MKX LMX 1A 1B MEIS 1 2 MEOX2 MNX1 MSX 1 2 NANOG NKX 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-5 3-1 3-2 6-1 6-2 NOBOX PBX 1 2 3 PHF 1 3 6 8 10 16 17 20 21A PHOX 2A 2B PITX 1 2 3 POU domain PIT-1 BRN-3: A B C Octamer transcription factor: 1 2 3/4 6 7 11 OTX 1 2 PDX1 SATB2 SHOX2 SIX 1 2 3 4 5 VAX1 ZEB 1 2

(3.2) Paired box	PAX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PRRX 1 2 RAX

(3.3) Fork head / winged helix	E2F 1 2 3 4 5 FOX proteins A1 A2 A3 C1 C2 D3 D4 E1 E3 F1 G1 H1 I1 J1 J2 K1 K2 L2 M1 N1 N3 O1 O3 O4 P1 P2 P3 P4

(3.4) Heat shock factors	HSF 1 2 4

(3.5) Tryptophan clusters	ELF 2 4 5 EGF ELK 1 3 4 ERF ETS 1 2 ERG SPIB ETV 1 4 5 6 FLI1 Interferon regulatory factors 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 MYB MYBL2

(3.6) TEA domain	transcriptional enhancer factor 1 2 3 4

(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts

(4.1) Rel homology region	NF-κB NFKB1 NFKB2 REL RELA RELB NFAT C1 C2 C3 C4 5

(4.2) STAT	STAT 1 2 3 4 5 6

(4.3) p53	p53 TBX 1 2 3 5 19 21 22 TBR1 TBR2 TFT MYRF TP63

(4.4) MADS box	Mef2 A B C D SRF

(4.6) TATA-binding proteins	TBP TBPL1

(4.7) High-mobility group	BBX HMGB 1 2 3 4 HMGN 1 2 3 4 HNF 1A 1B LEF1 SOX 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 21 SRY SSRP1 TCF 3 4 TOX 1 2 3 4

(4.9) Grainyhead	TFCP2

(4.10) Cold-shock domain	CSDA YBX1

(4.11) Runt	CBF CBFA2T2 CBFA2T3 RUNX1 RUNX2 RUNX3 RUNX1T1

(0) Other transcription factors

(0.2) HMGI(Y)	HMGA 1 2 HBP1

(0.3) Pocket domain	Rb RBL1 RBL2

(0.5) AP-2/EREBP-related factors	Apetala 2 EREBP B3

(0.6) Miscellaneous	ARID 1A 1B 2 3A 3B 4A CAP IFI 16 35 MLL 2 3 T1 MNDA NFY A B C Rho/Sigma

see also transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies

JAK-STAT signaling pathway

Ligand

Cytokine

Cytokine receptor

Janus kinase

Adaptor proteins

STAT	STAT1 STAT2 STAT3 STAT4 STAT5 STAT6

PIAS	PIAS1 PIAS2 PIAS3 PIAS4

SOCS	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 CISH

IRF	IRF1 IRF2 IRF3 IRF4 IRF5 IRF6 IRF7 IRF8

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IRF4

Clinical significance

Interactions

See also

References

Further reading

External links