List of Intel CPU microarchitectures

The following is a partial list of Intel CPU microarchitectures. The list is incomplete. Additional details can be found in Intel's Tick-Tock model.

x86 microarchitectures

• pre-P5:
  • 8086: first x86 processor; initially a temporary substitute for the iAPX 432 to compete with Motorola, Zilog, and National Semiconductor and to top the successful Z80.
  • 186: included a DMA controller, interrupt controller, timers, and chip select logic.
  • 286: first x86 processor with protected mode including segmentation based virtual memory management. Performance improved by a factor of 3...4 over 8086.
  • i386: first 32-bit x86 processor. Introduced paging on top of segmentation which is the most commonly used memory protection technology in modern operating systems ever since.
  • i486: Intel's second generation of 32-bit x86 processors, introduced built-in floating point unit (FPU), 8 KB on-chip L1 cache, and pipelining.
• P5: original Pentium microprocessors, first x86 processor with super scaling feature, branch prediction and RISC μop decode scheme.
• P6: used in Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium II Xeon, Pentium III, and Pentium III Xeon microprocessors. First x86 processor to support SIMD instruction with XMM register implemented, integrated register renaming and Out of Order execution.
• NetBurst: Commonly referred to as P7 although its internal name was P68 (P7 was used for Itanium). Used in Pentium 4, Pentium D, and some Xeon microprocessors. Later revisions were the first to feature Intel's x86-64 architecture, enhanced branch prediction and trace cache.
• Pentium M: updated version of Pentium III's P6 microarchitecture designed from the ground up for mobile computing and first x86 to support micro-op fusion and smart cache.
  • Enhanced Pentium M: updated, dual core version of the Pentium M microarchitecture used in Core microprocessors, first x86 to have shadow register architecture and speed step technology.
• Intel Core: reengineered P6-based microarchitecture used in Core 2 and Xeon microprocessors, built on a 65 nm process, supporting x86-64 level SSE instruction and macro-op fusion&enhanced micro-op fusion with wider front end and decoder, larger Out of Order core and renamed register, support loop stream detector and large shadow register file.
  • Penryn: 45 nm shrink of the Core microarchitecture with larger cache, higher FSB and clock speeds, and SSE4.1 instructions, support xop and F/SAVE&F/STORE instruction and enhance register alias table and larger integer register file.
• Nehalem: released November 17, 2008, built on a 45 nm process and used in the Core i7, Core i5, Core i3 microprocessors. Incorporates the memory controller into the CPU die.
  • Westmere: 32 nm shrink of the Nehalem microarchitecture with several new features.
• Bonnell: 45 nm, low-power, in-order microarchitecture for use in Atom processors.
  • Saltwell: 32 nm shrink of the Bonnell microarchitecture.
• Larrabee (cancelled 2010): multi-core in-order x86-64 updated version of P5 microarchitecture, with wide SIMD vector units and texture sampling hardware for use in graphics. Cores derived from this microarchitecture are called MIC (Many Integrated Core).
• Sandy Bridge: released January 9, 2011, built on a 32 nm process and used in the Core i7, Core i5, Core i3 second generation microprocessors, and in Pentium B9XX and Celeron B8XX series. Formerly called Gesher but renamed in 2007.^[1] First x86 to introduce 256 bit AVX instruction set and implementation of YMM register.
  • Ivy Bridge: 22 nm shrink of the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture released April 28, 2012.
• Silvermont: 22 nm, out-of-order microarchitecture for use in Atom processors, released May 6, 2013.
  • Airmont: 14 nm shrink of the Silvermont microarchitecture.
• Haswell: 22 nm microarchitecture, released June 3, 2013.
  • Broadwell: 14 nm shrink of the Haswell microarchitecture, released in September 2014. Formerly called Rockwell.
• Skylake: new 14 nm microarchitecture, released August 5, 2015.
  • Goldmont: 14 nm Atom microarchitecture, borrows heavily from Skylake processors, released April 2016.^[2][3]
  • Kaby Lake: expected in early 2017, successor to Skylake, broke Intel's Tick-Tock schedule due to delays with the 10 nm process.
  • Cannonlake: expected in late 2017. It will be a 10 nm shrink of Kaby Lake. Formerly called Skymont.
• Ice Lake: new 10 nm microarchitecture, expected in 2018.
  • Tiger Lake: an update of Ice Lake, serving as "semi-Tock" of the Intel's Tick-Tock strategy, expected in 2019.

Itanium microarchitectures

• Merced microarchitecture: original Itanium microarchitecture. Used only in the first Itanium microprocessors.
• McKinley microarchitecture: enhanced microarchitecture used in the first two generations of the Itanium 2 microprocessor.
• Montecito microarchitecture: enhanced McKinley microarchitecture used in the Itanium 2 9000- and 9100-series of processors. Added dual core, coarse multithreading, and other improvements.
• Tukwila microarchitecture: enhanced microarchitecture used in the Itanium 9300 series of processors. Added quad core, SMT, an integrated memory controller, QuickPath Interconnect, and other improvements.
• Poulson microarchitecture: Itanium processor featuring a new microarchitecture.^[4]
• Kittson microarchitecture: future Itanium processors

Roadmap

Atom Roadmap[29]
	Fabrication process	Microarchitecture	Release date	Processors/SoCs
				MID, Smartphone	Tablet	Netbook	Nettop	Embedded	Server	Communication	CE
Tick	45 nm	Bonnell	2008	Silverthorne	N/A	Diamondville		Tunnel Creek & Stellarton	N/A		Sodaville
Tock			2010	Lincroft		Pineview					Groveland
Tick	32 nm	Saltwell	2011	Medfield (Penwell & Lexington) & Clover Trail+ (Cloverview)	Clover Trail (Cloverview)	Cedar Trail (Cedarview)		Unknown	Centerton & Briarwood	Unknown	Berryville
Tick	22 nm	Silvermont	2013	Merrifield (Tangier) [30] & Moorefield (Anniedale)[31] & Slayton	Bay Trail-T (Valleyview)	Bay Trail-M (Valleyview)	Bay Trail-D (Valleyview)	Bay Trail-I (Valleyview)	Avoton	Rangeley	Unknown
Tick	14 nm[29]	Airmont	2014	Binghamton & Riverton	Cherry Trail-T (Cherryview) [32]	Braswell [33]			Denverton	Unknown	Unknown
Tock		Goldmont[34]	2016	Broxton Cancelled	Broxton Cancelled Apollo Lake	Apollo Lake	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown

See also

• List of AMD CPU microarchitectures
• Marvell Technology Group XScale microarchitecture

References

External links

• Intel Automated Relational Knowledgebase