ZDF

Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen
logo since 2001
Launched 1 April 1963 (1963-04-01)
Owned by the States of Germany
Picture format 16:9 576i (SDTV)
720p50 (HDTV
1080p50 (HDTV)
Audience share 12.5% (2015, dwdl.de[1])
Slogan Mit dem Zweiten sieht man besser. With the Second one sees better. (wordplay)
Country Germany
Broadcast area National; also distributed in:
Austria
Luxembourg
Switzerland
Liechtenstein
Slovenia
Belgium
Italy
Netherlands
Denmark
Kosovo
Headquarters Mainz, Germany
Replaced ARD 2 (1961–1963)
Sister channel(s) ZDFneo
ZDFinfo
Website www.zdf.de
Availability
Terrestrial
DVB-T Channel 2
Satellite
Astra 19.2°E (Europe) 11.953 GHz Horizontal
SR: 27500 FEC: 3/4
SID: 28006 Video PID: 110 Audio PID: 120 Stereo, 125 Dolby Digital
Astra 19.2°E (DVB-S2 HDTV) (Europe) 11.362 GHz Horizontal
SR: 22000 FEC: 2/3
SID: 11110 Video PID: 6110 Audio PID: 6120 Stereo, 6122 Dolby Digital
Hot Bird (Europe, Middle East & North Africa) 11.054 GHz Horizontal
SR: 27500 FEC: 5/6
SID: 8011 Video PID: 570 Audio PID: 571
Cable
Kabel Deutschland Yes (SD and HD)
Cablecom (Switzerland) Yes (SD and HD)
SD – Channel 006 (digital CH-D)
Naxoo (Switzerland) Channel 154
Ziggo (Netherlands) Channel 55 (SD/HD)
YouSee (Denmark) Channel 52
Streaming media
ZDF.de Watch live (Germany only)
FilmOn Watch live
Horizon Go Horizon.tv (Netherlands only)
Horizon.tv (Germany only)
Horizon.tv (Switzerland only)

Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (German pronunciation: [ˌtsvaɪ̯təs ˌdɔʏ̯tʃəs ˈfɛɐ̯nzeːən]; English: Second German Television), usually shortened to ZDF, stylized as 2DF since 2001, is a German public-service television broadcaster based in Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate. It is run as an independent nonprofit institution, which was founded by all federal states of Germany (Bundesländer). ZDF is financed by television licence fees and advertising revenues.[2]

The broadcaster is well known for its famous programmes heute, a newscast established in 1963, and Wetten, dass..? an entertainment show premiered in 1981, and ended in 2014.[3] Thomas Bellut, ZDF's director general, was elected by the ZDF Television Council in 2011.[3]

History

The ZDF administrative headquarters in Mainz
The ZDF broadcasting centre in Mainz

ZDF was founded in 1961 by interstate agreement, after the West German federal government's plan to set up a TV channel controlled by the federal government caused uproar. West Germany's constitution stipulated that regulation of culture and media was a compentency of the federal states (Bundesländer). The station began broadcasting from Eschborn near Frankfurt am Main on 1 April 1963, with a speech by the first director general (Intendant), Dr. Karl Holzamer. The channel broadcast its first programme in colour in 1967. In 1974, ZDF moved its base of operations to Mainz-Lerchenberg, after briefly being located in Wiesbaden. In 1960, the German postal service began constructing a transmitter chain for a second television network. This new network was to be broadcast on the UHF spectrum which required new reception equipment. For older receivers, a converter was sold for about 80 DM (about $20 in 1961 dollars[4] ($159 today)). As with the earlier ARD television network, the location of the transmitters was carefully planned to ensure the entire country would be able to receive the programming. To test the transmitters and encourage the public to purchase UHF receivers, the federal government allowed the ARD network to create a temporary secondary channel, ARD 2, which was broadcast daily from 8 to 10 p.m. ARD 2 began broadcasting on 1 May 1961 in the transmission area of Hessischer Rundfunk and a month later expanded nationwide.

Interstate agreement (Staatsvertrag)

Under the government of Konrad Adenauer, the Interior Ministry was to establish a federal TV network, Deutschland-Fernsehen ("Germany-TV"), to compete with the ARD. The SPD-led states of Hamburg, Bremen, Lower Saxony, and Hesse appealed to the Constitutional Court, which on 28 February 1961 in the First Broadcasting Judgment blocked the plan, declaring that all broadcasting powers belonged to the states. In March 1961, the states decided to establish, independently of existing institutions, a central nonprofit public television network. On 6 June 1961, the state premiers signed at a premiers' conference in Stuttgart the interstate agreement on the "establishment of the public institution Second German Television". On 1 December 1961, though not all states had ratified the agreement, it went into force in the states that had done so (Baden-Württemberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate). The last state, Bavaria, filed the instrument of ratification on 9 July 1962.

Finances

ZDF is financed by a license fee of €17.98 per month, payable by all households in Germany. ZDF shares the income with ARD and Deutschlandradio. The fees are not collected directly by ZDF, but by the Beitragsservice, a common organization of the ARD member broadcasters, ZDF, and Deutschlandradio. ZDF also has income from sponsorships and programming and advertising sales.

Logos

Transmission and reception

Terrestrial

As ZDF is a channel, not a network, the channel is broadcast throughout Germany, with no regional variations or affiliates, using a number of signal repeaters. ZDF transmitters broadcast a digital signal. Analog signals were gradually phased out, a process which lasted from 2002 to 2008.[5] ZDF does not run any transmitters itself. Throughout the analogue days, all ZDF transmitters were run by the Deutsche Bundespost which was later privatised as Deutsche Telekom's subsidiary T-Systems Media Broadcast. (This is in contrast to the other public German broadcaster, ARD, which owns its main transmitters.) ZDF was not previously allowed to use ARD's transmitters. ZDF has used both ARD and Telekom transmitters since changes to the law in the 1990s, and since the digital switchover.

Cable

ZDF has also been relayed by cable since the days of the first cable pilot projects.

Satellite

The first Europe-wide satellite broadcast via Astra 1C began in August 1993 during the Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin (IFA – "International Broadcasting Exhibition") in Berlin. In the same decade, these new technologies were used to enable digital broadcasting of ZDF. Today, ZDF is available free-to-air throughout Europe on Astra 19.2°E and Hot Bird (13°E).

Other ZDF channels

ZDF operates two digital channels: ZDFneo (aimed at 18-45 year olds) and ZDFinfo (documentaries). Both are transmitted in SD and HD. A commercial subsidiary called ZDF Enterprises GmbH manages programme sales, acquisitions, international coproductions, and a growing number of important activities in new media. ZDF also operates various channels in cooperation with other networks:KI.KA, Arte, 3sat, and Phoenix

Design

ZDF's animated station-identity mascots, the Mainzelmännchen (a play on the words "Mainz" and "Heinzelmännchen"), created by Wolf Gerlach in 1963, quickly became popular and are still shown between commercials.[6] In 1976, Otl Aicher, a graphic designer, created ZDF's corporate design. A new design for ZDF was created by Lee Hunt in February 2000.

Administration

Director General

Administratively, ZDF is headed by a director general (Intendant), who is elected by the ZDF Television Council, the composition of which is in turn determined by "societally relevant groups" named in the ZDF Treaty.

Directors General since the start of ZDF:

Supervising board

The supervising board supervises the work of the intendant. They pay special attention to the budget. The supervising board has 14 members:

Television Board

The Television Board supervises ZDF and authorizes the budget. They also elect the Director General. The board has 77 members:

Membership

ZDF became a full member of the European Broadcasting Union in 1963. It also has numerous individual cooperation agreements with broadcasters around the world. ZDF is a supporter of the Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV initiative (a consortium of broadcasting and internet industry companies including SES, OpenTV, and Institut für Rundfunktechnik) which promotes the establishment of an open European standard for hybrid set-top boxes for the reception of broadcast TV and broadband multimedia applications with a single user interface.

Programmes

ZDF's own programmes

Shown on ZDF

References

  1. ↑ "Sat.1 legt zu, Das Erste mit Tief, RTL und ZDF vorn". dwdl.de. Retrieved 2016-01-01.
  2. ↑ "European Benchmarking: Public Service Broadcasters in the Digital Era" (PDF). Circom Regional. May 2002. p. 46. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
  3. 1 2 "ZDF Unternehmen".
  4. ↑ "Historical US Dollars to German Marks currency conversion". UC Santa Barbara History Department. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  5. ↑ "ZDF.com".
  6. ↑ "ZDF Mainzelmännchen".

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to ZDF.

Coordinates: 49°57′52″N 8°12′29″E / 49.96444°N 8.20806°E / 49.96444; 8.20806

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