Turkish Radio and Television Corporation

Türkiye Radyo Televizyon Kurumu
Type Television stations-
Radio stations
Country Turkey
Availability National
Owner State-owned
Launch date
 May 1, 1964 (radio, as TRT)
January 31, 1968 (TV)
Official website
 www.trt.net.tr

The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation, also known as TRT (Turkish: Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu), is the national public broadcaster of Turkey and was founded in 1964. Around 70% of TRT's funding comes from a tax levied on electricity bills and a sales tax on television and radio receivers. As these are hypothecated taxes, as opposed to the money coming from general government funds, the principle is similar to that of the television licence levied in a number of other countries. The rest of TRT's funding comes from government grants (around 20%), with the final 10% coming from advertising.[1]

Affectionately known to local consumers as the "School", it was for many years the only television and radio provider in Turkey. Before the introduction of commercial radio in 1990, and subsequently commercial television in 1992, it held a monopoly on broadcasting. More recent deregulation of the Turkish television broadcasting market produced analogue cable television. Today, TRT broadcasts around the world, especially in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia.

TRT's predecessor, "Türkiye Radyoları" was one of 23 founding broadcasting organisations of the European Broadcasting Union in 1950; it would return to the EBU fold as TRT in 1972. The original company started radio test broadcasts in 1926, with a studio built in Istanbul in 1927 and a studio in Ankara following in 1928.

It organized the Eurovision Song Contest 2004.

History

Test transmissions started on TRT 1 on January 31, 1968. A full national television schedule, which at that time linked the areas in and around Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir, started in December 1971.[2] TRT renewed its membership in the European Broadcasting Union (having been a founding member previously offering only radio) starting on August 26, 1972, with Turkey's first Eurovision Network event, a football match (Turkey vs. Italy), airing across Europe on January 13, 1973.[2] TRT also joined the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union in 1976, the same year their first color television test was showcased via laboratory at the general assembly of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference.[2]

All programming was in black and white from the start of test transmissions in 1968 until the New Year's Eve programming on December 31, 1981, when the first on-air color tests started.[3] The entire lineup switched to color on March 15, 1984.[3]

On May 19, 2012 TRT 1 HD started simulcasting with TRT 1 upscaled to full HD 16:9 DVB-S2 standard.

Television channels

Turkey has made the first radio broadcast of Radio Station Ankara from view
TRT's headquarters in Ankara.
TRT Istanbul studios

All television channels can be watched via Turksat satellite in Europe in Asia and terrestrial in Turkey and neighboring countries. Some of them are also found on cable TV systems.

Domestic


International

Minority languages


TRT has a special TV channel for Kurdish that broadcasts on a 24-hour / 7-day basis called TRT 6 and other TV and Radio stations that broadcast programmes in the local languages and dialects like Armenian, Arabic, Bosnian and Circassian a few hours a week.[5][6]

Another special TV channel aimed at the Turkic world, TRT Avaz was launched on 21 March 2009 and broadcasts in the Azeri, Bosnian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uzbek and Turkmen languages; while the TRT Arabic television channel started broadcasting on 4 April 2010.[7]

Teletext and EPG


TRT Avaz announcer who interviewed during the 2014 state elections in Austria.

TRT started teletext trial-runs with the name “Telegün” on December 3, 1990. All TV channels are broadcasting the teletext. An online interface is available (see External links at the end of this article). 6 channels are also broadcasting their programs with the Electronic program guide (EPG).

Celebration


In January 2008, TRT celebrated their 40th anniversary. All TRT channels broadcast the old idents and news studio (Still being modern logo). Each day new idents were made. This event also happened in 1978, 1988 and 1998. In 2018 they will have the bigger 50th anniversary celebration.

Closing and opening times throughout the years

Radio channels

TRT Radio Istanbul headquarters in Harbiye, Şişli, Istanbul

Regional channels

Urban Radio channels

See also

References

  1. ↑ EU Monitoring and Advocacy Program - Television across Europe. Turkey
  2. 1 2 3 "?" (PDF). Gov.tr.
  3. 1 2 Historical Background of radio and television broadcasting in Turkey
  4. ↑ http://www.trt.net.tr/english/review-of-the-turkish-press/2015/02/20/review-of-the-turkish-press-20022015-169486
  5. ↑ Turkish Directorate General of Press and Information (2003). "Historical background of radio and television broadcasting in Turkey". Turkish Prime Minister's Office. Archived from the original on 2006-08-30. Retrieved 2006-08-10.
  6. ↑ Nasuhi Güngör (2009). "Kurdish TRT". Zaman. Retrieved 2009-02-25.
  7. ↑ "TRT Arapça Bugün Açılıyor". Trt.net.tr. 2011-01-13. Archived from the original on 2010-04-07. Retrieved 2012-11-04.
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