Solar cycle 23

Solar cycle 23

The Sun, with some sunspots visible, during solar cycle 23 (2003).
Sunspot Data
Start date May 1996
End date January 2008
Duration (years) 11.7
Max count 120.8
Max count month March 2000
Min count 1.7
Spotless days 821
Cycle chronology
Previous cycle Solar cycle 22 (1986-1996)
Next cycle Solar cycle 24 (2008-)
NASA sunspot number predictions for Solar cycle 23 and 24

Solar cycle 23 was the 23rd solar cycle since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began.[1][2] The solar cycle lasted 11.7 years, beginning in May 1996 and ending in January 2008. The maximum smoothed sunspot number (monthly number of sunspots averaged over a twelve-month period) observed during the solar cycle was 120.8 (March 2000), and the minimum was 1.7.[3] A total of 805 days had no sunspots during this cycle.[4][5][6]

History

One of the first major aurora displays of solar cycle 23 occurred on 6 April 2000, with bright red auroras visible as far south as Florida and South Europe.[7] On 14 July 2000, the Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) hurled by a X5.7 solar flare provoked an extreme (G5 level) geomagnetic storm the next day. Known as the Bastille day event, this storm caused damage to GPS systems and some power companies. Auroras were visible as far south as Texas.[8] Another major aurora display was observed on 1 April 2001, due to a coronal mass ejection hitting the Earth's magnetosphere. Auroras were observed as far south as Mexico and South Europe. A large solar flare (the second-most powerful ever recorded) occurred on 2 April 2001, an X20-class, but the blast was directed away from Earth.

In late October 2003, a series of large solar flares occurred. A X17.2-class flare ejected on 28 October 2003 produced auroras visible as far south as Florida and Texas. A G5 level geomagnetic storm blasted the Earth's magnetosphere the next two days.[9] A few days later, the largest solar flare ever measured with instruments occurred on 4 November; initially measured at X28, it was later upgraded to an X45-class.[10][11] This flare was not Earth-oriented and thus only resulted in high-latitude auroras. The whole sequence of events occurred from 28 October to 4 November is known as the Halloween Solar Storm. Other large solar flares occurred on 7 September 2005 (X17), 15 April 2001 (X14.4) and 29 October 2003 (X10), with auroras visible in mid-latitudes.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kane, R.P. (2002). "Some Implications Using the Group Sunspot Number Reconstruction". Solar Physics 205(2), 383-401.
  2. ↑ "The Sun: Did You Say the Sun Has Spots?". Space Today Online. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
  3. ↑ "SIDC Monthly Smoothed Sunspot Number".
  4. ↑ "Spotless Days".
  5. ↑ "What's Wrong with the Sun? (Nothing) more information: Spotless Days".
  6. ↑ "Solaemon's Spotless Days Page".
  7. ↑ "Brushfires in the Sky". nasa.gov. 25 April 2000. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
  8. ↑ "A Solar Radiation Storm". nasa.gov. 14 July 2000. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
  9. ↑ "Hotshot". nasa.gov. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
  10. ↑ "Hotshot". nasa.gov. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
  11. ↑ "Biggest ever solar flare was even bigger than thought". spaceref.com. 15 March 2004. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
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