Sânnicolau Mare

Sânnicolau Mare

Serbian church
Sânnicolau Mare

Location of Sânnicolau Mare

Coordinates: 46°4′20″N 20°37′46″E / 46.07222°N 20.62944°E / 46.07222; 20.62944Coordinates: 46°4′20″N 20°37′46″E / 46.07222°N 20.62944°E / 46.07222; 20.62944
Country  Romania
County Timiș
Status Town
Government
 • Mayor Dănuț Groza (PNL)
Area
 • Total 136.77 km2 (52.81 sq mi)
Population (2011)
 • Total 11,540
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 • Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Climate Cfb
Website http://www.sannicolau-mare.ro/

Sânnicolau Mare (formerly spelled Sînnicolau Mare, Romanian pronunciation: [sɨnnikoˌla.u ˈmare]) is a town in Timiș County, Romania and the westernmost of the country. Located in the Banat region, along the borders with Serbia and Hungary, it has a population of just under 12,000.

Name

In German, it is known as Groß Sankt Nikolaus, in Hungarian as Nagyszentmiklós, in Banat Bulgarian as Smikluš, and in Serbian as Сент Николаш / Sent Nikolaš. It is translated as "Great St. Nicholas" in English.

History

Kingdom of Hungary, cancelled at NAGY SZ-MIKLOS in 1895

Near Sânnicolau Mare there are the remains of Morisena, an ancient town, seat of Roman legions and of medieval dukes of Banat. After the Treaty of Passarowitz (1718) until 1918, Sânnicolau Mare (and the Banat) was part of the Austrian monarchy, Temes District;[1] in Transleithania after the compromise of 1867 in Austria-Hungary. In the late 18th century, the Habsburg dynasty of Austria recruited German farmers and artisans to resettle areas along the Danube that had been depopulated during the Ottoman reign and the plague. They were allowed to keep their own religion, language and culture, and many German villages were founded in the Banat. The descendants of the ethnic Germans became known as Danube Swabians (Danauswaben) and spoke a distinct form of German that became different from what evolved in the principal states. This is one reason for the high proportion of ethnic Germans in the town before World War II. After the war, many left the area to escape Soviet dominance; others were expelled because of anti-German sentiment throughout eastern Europe.

The town was a district center in Torontal County during Habsburg rule. The town served as the county seat between 1807 and 1820 due to a great fire in Großbetschkerek, the county seat. Occupied by Serbian troops in 1918 during World War I, the town became part of Romania in 1919 during the realignment after the war.

Sânnicolau Mare is known for the Treasure of Nagy Szent Miklos, a treasure of 23 gold objects discovered here in 1799 (it was then called Nagy Szent Miklos / Groß-Sankt-Niklaus in the Habsburg Monarchy). The pieces are on display in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna and the National Museum of History, Sofia. The town is the birthplace of Béla Bartók, the notable 20th-century Hungarian composer. The town is 64 kilometers away from Timişoara, the biggest city in the region.

Demographics

Historical population of Sânnicolau Mare[2]
Year Population Romanians Hungarians Germans Serbs Bulgarians
1880 10,836 31.3% 10.8% 41.2% 11.4% N.D.
1890 12,311 31.3% 12.2% 43.5% 10.3% N.D.
1900 12,639 33.1% 15.3% 41.1% 9.8% N.D.
1910 12,357 32.6% 17.5% 39% 9.2% N.D.
1920 10,900 36.1% 10.6% 40.1% N.D% N.D.
1930 10,676 40% 11.6% 35.2% 7.5% 0.3%
1941 10,640 42.1% 10.1% 35% N.D N.D
1956 9,956 54.6% 12.4% 24.4% 6.5% 0.8%
1966 11,428 59.4% 10.9% 21.8% 6.4% 1%
1977 12,811 62.2% 10.9% 19% 4.7% 1.6%
1992 13,083 73.4% 10.6% 5.9% 4.6% 3.1%
2002[3] 12,914 76.8% 9.4% 3.2% 3.6% 3.6%
2011 11,540 79.03% 7.66% 2.2%

At the 2011 census, the town counted with 11,540 inhabitants. 79.03% Romanians, 7.66% Hungarians, 3.21% Roms, 2.2% Germans, 0.12% Ukrainians

See also

References

  1. ↑ Handbook of Austria and Lombardy-Venetia Cancellations on the Postage Stamp Issues 1850-1864, by Edwin MUELLER, 1961.
  2. ↑ Erdély etnikai és felekezeti statisztikája
  3. ↑ Recensamant 2001
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