Rochechouart

Rochechouart

Rochechouart castle

Coat of arms
Rochechouart

Coordinates: 45°49′26″N 0°49′18″E / 45.8239°N 0.8217°E / 45.8239; 0.8217Coordinates: 45°49′26″N 0°49′18″E / 45.8239°N 0.8217°E / 45.8239; 0.8217
Country France
Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department Haute-Vienne
Arrondissement Rochechouart
Canton Rochechouart
Intercommunality Pays de la Météorite
Government
 • Mayor (2014–2020) Jean-Marie Rougier
Area1 53.88 km2 (20.80 sq mi)
Population (2013)2 3,807
 • Density 71/km2 (180/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code 87126 / 87600
Elevation 159–313 m (522–1,027 ft)
(avg. 265 m or 869 ft)

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Rochechouart (French pronunciation: ​[ʁɔʃ.ʃwaʁ]; Rechoard in Occitan, earlier La Ròcha Choard) is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in west-central France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department.

The name of the town comes from Latin roca cavardi, which roughly translates as the rock of Cavardus, the lord who had the fortified place built at the beginning of the 11th century. More often than not, natives pronounce it [ʁoˈʃwaʁ], not *[ʁɔʃəˈʃwaʁ] as is its pronunciation in Standard French.

History

Aymeric I, who lived around 990, was the first viscount and established the Rochechouartais dynasty. Aymeric IV took part in the First Crusade at the end of the 11th century at the side of Godfrey of Bouillon, and it was Aymeric VI (1170–1230) who built the present castle, the Château de Rochechouart, the keep and gatehouse of which remain standing.[1]

At the end of the 13th century, Aimeric XI renounced a large part of his privileges and promulgated a charter of enfranchisement which transformed Rochechouart into a democratic city, and turned its inhabitants from slaves to the state into citizens. The city was from then on governed by four consuls who chose their own successors, without their lord's intervention. At the same time the viscount suppressed all direct taxes such as the "taille" and the "quête" and abolished duties of service to the feudal lord. He also accorded the inhabitants of Rochechouart the essential conditions for total liberty – they could dispose of their goods, buy or sell, import and export whatever they wanted, build, move about freely within the viscountcy, all without intervention from their lord. This Charter was very advanced for its times, and despite pressure from the other lords in the region, it remained in force until 1789.[2] François de Rochechouart in the late 15th century is known for his study on the Dialogues of Pierre Salmon, the secretary of Charles VI of France.[3] Before the French Revolution, Rochechouart administratively depended on the Province of Poitou, the viscounts of Rochechouart being vassals of the Count of Poitiers, and religiously, it was under the control of the diocese of Limoges.

Geography

Rochechouart is situated at the confluence of the River Grêne and the River Vayres on the Plateau of Limousin, about 180 m (590 ft) above sea level. It is about 9 km (5.6 mi) south of Saint-Junien, the second largest town in the department of Haute-Vienne, and 45 km (28.0 mi) west of Limoges, the largest town and capital of the department. To the west lie the communes of Pressignac and Chassenon in the department of Charente, to the north lie the communes of Saillat-sur-Vienne and Chaillac-sur-Vienne, to the east lies Saint-Auvent and to the south Vayres.[4]

The walled town of Rochechouart is overlooked by the château and houses a museum, the "Espace Meteorite Paul Pellas" which commemorates the meteorite crater. The château was taken over by the community in 1832 and now houses the town hall as well as a modern art collection, the "Musée Départmental d'Art Contemporain".[5]

Rochechouart crater

Rochechouart is situated in the Rochechouart crater, an impact crater caused by a meteorite that crashed into the earth's surface about 214 million years ago,[6] in the Rhaetian period, around the Triassic Jurassic boundary. Little is visible on the ground now because of erosion, but the event is witnessed by the impact effects on the surrounding rocks. This crater is one of five impact craters that occurred at around the same date, the others being in Quebec, Manitoba, North Dakota and Ukraine. Tectonic plates have moved since then, but it has been calculated that three of these craters are exactly aligned, and the other two lie on identical declination paths to two of the other three. It is hypothesized that they may have been part of a multiple impact event, caused perhaps by the breaking up of a comet. These impacts may have been the trigger for the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event in which 80% of the world's species were obliterated.[7]

Population changes

Inhabitants are known as Rochechouartais.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Abbé Duléry (1855). Rochechouart: histoire, légendes, archéologie. Imprimerie Ducourtieux et Cie.
  2. ↑ Docteur Adrien Grézillier (1977). Histoire de Rochechouart, des origines à la Révolution. Dupanier.
  3. ↑ Hedeman, Anne Dawson (2001). Of Counselors and Kings: The Three Versions of Pierre Salmon's Dialogues. University of Illinois Press. pp. 54–. ISBN 978-0-252-02614-0.
  4. ↑ Philips' Modern School Atlas. George Philip and Son, Ltd. 1973. p. 43. ISBN 0-540-05278-7.
  5. ↑ Abram, David (2003). The Rough Guide to France. Rough Guides. p. 717. ISBN 978-1-84353-056-5.
  6. ↑ "The Rochechouart impact structure". Ernstson Claudin Impact Structures: Meteorite Craters. Retrieved 2015-09-15.
  7. ↑ Steele, Diana (1998-03-19). "Crater chain points to impact of fragmented comet". University of Chicago Chronicle: 17, 12. Retrieved 2015-09-13.
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