Permaforestry

Permaforestry is an approach to the wildcrafting and harvesting of the forest biomass that uses cultivation to improve the natural harmonious systems. It is a relationship of interdependence between humans and the natural systems in which the amount of biomass available from the forest increases with the health of its natural systems.

Examples of bioproducts derived from biomass created through permaforestry include: honey, maple syrup and other tree saps, gourmet foods, functional foods, berries, wild mushrooms, acorns, walnuts, mockernut, pignut hickory, ginseng, wild rice, herbs, fiddleheads, extracting pinenuts from pinecones, fish, frogs and crustaceans, deer, moose, brought over wild boar (to the Americas), partridge, grouse, free living turkey, Canada geese and co. (other geese), rabbit, natural furs, partridge berry, bearberry, snowberry, lindenberry, mulberries, juneberries, gooseberries, (and more), leeks, spring beauties, wood sorrel, wood strawberry, burdock, dandelions, pharmaceuticals, natural health products, essential oils, educational products, arts and crafts, decorative products, floral and greenery, garden horticultural products, woodworking, lumber, biochemicals, candle wax from candleberry resin which you melt off, basswood tree leaves, greenbriar, and hydrofracking for carbon clusters and hydrocarbon chains (through use of water jets).

History

Permaforestry was extensively practiced by many aboriginal cultures throughout the world prior to colonization. It was replaced by industrial agriculture in most regions where the land could permit the use of machinery, monoculture, or intensive farming and harvesting practices. In the beginning of the 21st century there was a new surge of interest in permaforestry practices to address social issues such as food shortages, rural impoverishment, and changes in the logging industry. Furthermore, climate change and the "green" shift have inspired many individuals to revisit the old resource production methods that worked with nature rather than against it. The high price of agricultural land and machinery has also contributed to the development of permaforestry on land that had been previously classified as unsuitable for agriculture.

See also

Non-timber forest products
Animal products	Furs Honey Pine honey Wild game
Berries Tree fruit	Blueberry (wild) Breadfruit Cocoa bean Coconut Durian Gambooge Huckleberry Jackfruit Juniper berry Tamarind
Edible plants / roots	Betel Mushrooms chanterelles lingzhi matsutake morels Fiddlehead ferns Mahuwa flowers Sago palm queen Sassafras filé powder root beer Saw palmetto Wild ginseng
Nuts Spices	Allspice Areca nut Bay leaf Black pepper Brazil nut Cinnamon Clove Hazelnut Malva nut Nutmeg Pine nut Vanilla
Oil Waxes	Carnauba Chaulmoogra (Hydnocarpus wightiana) Cocoa butter Eucalyptol Eucalyptus Japan wax Kokum Kusum Mahuwa Nagkesar Palm (kernel) Pongamia Phulwara Pilu Sal-seed (Shorea robusta) Sandalwood Shea butter Tea-seed Tea-tree Vateria indica
Resins	Benzoin Birch-tar Camphor Creosote Frankincense Gamboge Kauri Lacquer Mastic Myrrh Pine tar Pitch Rosin Turpentine Varnish
Sap / Gum / etc.	Birch syrup Chicle chewing gum Coconut sugar Date sugar Fruit syrup Gum arabic Gutta-percha Kino Latex Maple sugar Maple syrup Palm sugar Palm wine akpeteshie ogogoro Rubber Spruce gum
Other	Bamboo edible musical instruments, textiles Birch bark Birch beer Cork Ferns Forage Gambier Moss Natural dyes henna Peat Quinine Rattan Shellac Tanbark tannin Thatching Tendu leaves Willow bark
Related	Dehesa (Iberian agroforestry) Forest farming / gardening Honey hunting Indian forest produce Mushroom hunting Naval stores Permaforestry Resin extraction Rubber tapping Wildcrafting
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