Ninjatō
| Ninjatō / Shinobigatana | |
|---|---|
|
A computer image sample depiction of the ninjatō | |
| Type | Short sword (single-edge) |
| Place of origin | Japan |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | ~0.42 kilograms (0.93 lb)[1] |
| Length | ~48 centimetres (19 in)[1] |
The ninjatō (忍者刀), ninjaken (忍者剣), or shinobigatana (忍刀) ,[2] are allegedly the preferred weapon that the Shinobi of feudal Japan carried. It is portrayed by modern ninjutsu practitioners (including Masaaki Hatsumi[3] and Stephen K. Hayes) and is prominently featured in popular culture.[4] Replicas of this weapon are also prominently on display in both the Koka Ninja Village Museum in Kōka, Shiga and the Iga-ryū Ninja Museum in Iga, Mie. Historically, there is no physical evidence for the existence of this "katana-like short sword legendarily used by ninja",[5] though it is believed that they are based on the design of the wakizashi or chokutō swords.[1]
History
Because of the lack of any physical evidence or antique swords from the Sengoku period to the Edo period (16th to 19th century) matching the description of the ninjatō,[1] the history of the weapon can only be reliably chronicled from the 20th century onwards.
- 1964: The Iga-ryū Ninja Museum in Japan, which houses replicas of the sword, is established.[6] That same year, the swords appeared in Shinobi no Mono Kirigakure Saizō (忍びの者 霧隠才蔵) and Shinobi no Mono Zoku Kirigakure Saizō (忍びの者 続・霧隠才蔵), the 4th and 5th entries in the Japanese jidaigeki movie series Shinobi no Mono, released in theaters in Japan.
- 1973: Ads selling newly manufactured and imported ninja swords appear in the American magazine Black Belt.[7]
- 1981: Books containing references to the sword written by Masaaki Hatsumi, the founder of the Bujinkan,[3] and Stephen K. Hayes,[4] an American who studied under Hatsumi in 1975,[8] are published.
- 1983: The first Hollywood film to feature the ninjatō, Revenge of the Ninja, is released in theaters.
- 1984: The first American television production to feature these swords, The Master, is broadcast on NBC.
Appearance
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The ninjatō is typically depicted as being a short sword, often portrayed as having a straight blade (similar to that of a shikomizue[9]) with a square guard.[1] Usually of a length "less than 60 cm", the rest of the sword is comparatively "thick, heavy and straight". Hayes suggests that the typical description of the ninjatō could be due to ninja having to forge their own blades from slabs of steel or iron with the cutting edge being ground on a stone, with straight blades being easier to form than the much more refined curved traditional Japanese sword. His second possible reason for ninjatō being described as a straight-bladed, rather short sword could be that the ninja were emulating one of the patron Buddhist deities of ninja families, Fudo Myo-oh, who is depicted brandishing a straight-bladed short sword similar to a chokutō.[10] Stephen Turnbull, a historian specializing in the military history of Japan indicates of historical ninja: "The most important ninja weapon was his sword. This was the standard Japanese fighting sword or katana ... for convenience the ninja would choose a blade that was shorter and straighter than usual."[11]
Usage
Due to the lack of historical evidence regarding the existence of the ninjatō, techniques for usage in a martial context are largely speculative. When used in film and stage, ninjatō are depicted as being shorter than a katana with a straight blade but they are utilized in a "nearly identical" manner as the katana.[12] Books and other written materials have described a number of possible ways to use the sword including "fast draw techniques centered around drawing the sword and cutting as a simultaneous defensive or attacking action",[13] with "a thrust fencing technique",[14] and with a "reverse grip".[15]
The scabbards were often said to have been used for various purposes such as a respiration pipe (snorkel) in underwater activities or for secretly overhearing conversations.[14][16] The scabbard is also said to have been longer than the blade of the ninjatō in order to hide various objects such as chemicals used to blind pursuers.[17][18] The tsuba (hand guard) of the ninjato is often described as being larger than average and square instead of the much more common round tsuba. One theory on the ninjatō tsuba size and shape is that it was used as a tool, the sword would be leaned against a wall and ninja would use the tsuba as a step to extend his normal reach, the sword would then be retrieved by pulling it up by the sageo (saya cord).[19][20]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Dorling Kindersley. Knives and Swords. Penguin Books. p. 281. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
- ↑ Lewis, Peter (1988). Art of the Ninja. Gallery Books. p. 53,122. Retrieved December 26, 2011.
- 1 2 Hatsumi, Masaaki (1981). Ninjutsu: History and Tradition. Unique Publications. p. 13,93,102–103. Retrieved December 27, 2011.
- 1 2 Hayes, Stephen K. (1981). The Ninja and their Secret Fighting Art. C.E. Tuttle Co. p. 89. ISBN 9780804813747. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
- ↑ Boughn, Jenn Zuko (2006). Stage combat: fisticuffs, stunts, and swordplay for theater and film. Skyhorse Publishing. p. 192. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
- ↑ Black Belt Magazine December 1966, p. 20. Photo of ninja sword display in the Iga-Ueno Ninja Museum. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- ↑ Black Belt Magazine November 1973, p. 61. Ninja Sword ad. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- ↑ "Stephen K. Hayes Biography". Retrieved January 6, 2012.
- ↑ Seishinkai Bujutsu. "Concealed and Trick Weapons". Retrieved January 5, 2012.
- ↑ Lore of the Shinobi Warrior, Stephen Hayes. Black Belt Communications, Nov 1, 1989P.22.
- ↑ Turnbull, Stephen (2003). Ninja Ad 1460-1650. Osprey Publishing. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-84176-525-9. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
- ↑ Boughn, Jenn Zuko (2006). Stage combat: fisticuffs, stunts, and swordplay for theater and film. Skyhorse Publishing. p. 156. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
- ↑ Hatsumi, Masaaki (1981). Ninjutsu: History and Tradition. Unique Publications. p. 13. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
- 1 2 Virtual Museum of Traditional Japanese Arts. "Shinobi Gatana ("Ninja" swords)". Retrieved December 29, 2011.
- ↑ Hayes, Stephen K. (1983). Ninja: Warrior Path of Togakure. Ohara Publications, Inc. pp. 96–97. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
- ↑ ''The Martial Arts Book'', Laura Scandiffio, Nicolas Debon, Annick Press, Feb 1, 2003 P.40. Retrieved 2014-07-24 – via Google Books.
- ↑ ''Ninjutsu: The Art of Invisibility'', Donn F. Draeger, Tuttle Publishing, Mar 15, 1992 P.60. Retrieved 2014-07-24 – via Google Books.
- ↑ ''Ninja: The Shadow Warrior'', Joel Levy, Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., Aug 5, 2008 P.59. Retrieved 2014-07-24 – via Google Books.
- ↑ ''Secrets of the Ninja'', Ashida Kim, Citadel Press, 1981, P.60. Retrieved 2014-07-24 – via Google Books.
- ↑ ''Ninjutsu: The Art of Invisibility'', Donn F. Draeger, Tuttle Publishing, Mar 15, 1992, P.60. Retrieved 2014-07-24 – via Google Books.