Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales

"Lord Chief Justice" redirects here. For other uses, see Lord Chief Justice (disambiguation).

Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales
The Judiciary of England and Wales
Incumbent The Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd since 1 October 2013
Style	The Right Honourable
Nominator	Judicial Appointments Commission
Appointer	UK Monarch on recommendation of Prime Minister and Lord Chancellor, who are in turn given recommendations by a selection panel.
Formation	1 November 1875

Law of England and Wales
This article is part of the series: Courts of England and Wales

Administration Ministry of Justice Secretary of State for Justice Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service Judges' Council
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Criminal courts Supreme Court of the United Kingdom Court of Appeal Lord Chief Justice Lord Justice of Appeal High Court of Justice President of the Queen's Bench High Court judge Crown Court List of Crown Court venues Circuit judge Recorder Magistrates' courts District judge Justice of the Peace / Lay magistrates
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The Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales is the head of the judiciary and President of the Courts of England and Wales. Historically, he was the second-highest judge of the Courts of England and Wales, after the Lord Chancellor, but became the top judge as a result of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, which removed the judicial functions from the office of Lord Chancellor, altered the duties of the Lord Chief Justice and changed the relationship between the two offices. The Lord Chief Justice is also President of the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal.

The Lord Chief Justice's equivalent in Scotland is the Lord President of the Court of Session, who also holds the post of Lord Justice-General in the High Court of Justiciary. There is also a Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, successor to the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland of the pre-Partition era.

The current Lord Chief Justice is Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd, who took over the role on 1 October 2013.^[1]

History

Originally, each of the three high common law courts, the King's Bench, the Court of Common Pleas, and the Court of the Exchequer, had its own chief justice: the Lord Chief Justice, Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer. Although the Court of the King's (or Queen's) Bench had existed since 1234, the title of chief justice was not used until 1268. In the intermediary period, one of the justices would be considered the senior judge, and hold a position similar to that later held by the chief justice. The three courts became divisions of the High Court in 1875, and following the deaths of the Lord Chief Justice and Lord Chief Baron in 1880, the three were merged into a single division under the last Chief Justice of Common Pleas creating a single Lord Chief Justice of England.

The suffix "and Wales", now found in statutes and elsewhere, was unilaterally appended by Lord Bingham of Cornhill between 1996 and 2000.

Constitutional Reform Act 2005

The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (CRA) made the Lord Chief Justice the President of the Courts of England and Wales, vesting the office with many of the powers formerly held by the Lord Chancellor. While the Lord Chief Justice retains the role of President of the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal, the CRA separated the role of President of the Queen's Bench Division. The first Lord Chief Justice to act as head of the judiciary under the provisions of the CRA was Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers. The CRA also provides that the Lord Chief Justice is chosen by a specially appointed committee convened by the Judicial Appointments Commission.

Lord Chief Justices of England, King's (Queen's) Bench, to 1875

Lord Chief Justice	From	Until	Remarks
William de Raley	000000001234-01-01-00001234	000000001239-01-01-00001239
Sir Stephen de Segrave	000000001239-01-01-00001239	000000001241-01-01-00001241
William of York	000000001241-01-01-00001241	000000001247-01-01-00001247
Henry of Bath	000000001249-01-01-00001249	000000001251-01-01-00001251
Sir Gilbert of Seagrave	000000001251-01-01-00001251	000000001253-01-01-00001253
Henry of Bath	000000001253-01-01-00001253	000000001260-01-01-00001260
Sir William of Wilton	000000001261-01-01-00001261	000000001263-01-01-00001263
Nicholas de Turri	000000001265-01-01-00001265	000000001267-01-01-00001267
Sir Robert de Briwes	000000001268-01-01-00001268	000000001269-11-06-00006 November 1269
Richard of Staines	000000001269-11-06-00006 November 1269	000000001273-01-01-00001273
Martin of Littlebury	000000001273-01-01-00001273	000000001274-01-01-00001274
Ralph de Hengham	000000001274-01-01-00001274	000000001290-01-01-00001290
Gilbert de Thornton	000000001290-01-01-00001290	000000001296-01-01-00001296
Sir Roger Brabazon	000000001296-01-01-00001296	000000001316-03-01-0000March 1316
Sir William Inge	000000001316-03-01-0000March 1316	000000001317-06-15-000015 June 1317
Sir Henry le Scrope	000000001317-06-15-000015 June 1317	000000001323-09-01-0000September 1323
Hervey de Stanton	000000001323-09-01-0000September 1323	000000001324-03-21-000021 March 1324
Sir Geoffrey le Scrope	000000001324-03-21-000021 March 1324	000000001329-05-01-00001 May 1329
Sir Robert de Malberthorp	000000001329-05-01-00001 May 1329	000000001329-10-28-000028 October 1329
Sir Henry le Scrope	000000001329-10-28-000028 October 1329	000000001330-12-19-000019 December 1330
Sir Geoffrey le Scrope	000000001330-12-19-000019 December 1330	000000001332-03-28-000028 March 1332
Sir Richard de Willoughby	000000001332-03-28-000028 March 1332	000000001332-09-20-000020 September 1332
Sir Geoffrey le Scrope	000000001332-09-20-000020 September 1332	000000001333-09-10-000010 September 1333
Sir Richard de Willoughby	000000001333-09-10-000010 September 1333	000000001337-01-01-00001337
Sir Geoffrey le Scrope	000000001337-01-01-00001337	000000001338-10-01-0000October 1338
Sir Richard de Willoughby	000000001338-10-01-0000October 1338	000000001340-07-21-000021 July 1340
Sir Robert Parning	000000001340-07-21-000021 July 1340	000000001341-01-08-00008 January 1341
Sir William Scott	000000001341-01-08-00008 January 1341	000000001346-11-26-000026 November 1346
Sir William de Thorpe	000000001346-11-26-000026 November 1346	000000001350-10-26-000026 October 1350
Sir William de Shareshull	000000001350-10-26-000026 October 1350	000000001361-05-24-000024 May 1361
Sir Henry Green	000000001361-05-24-000024 May 1361	000000001365-10-29-000029 October 1365
Sir John Knyvet	000000001365-10-29-000029 October 1365	000000001372-07-15-000015 July 1372
Sir John de Cavendish	000000001372-07-15-000015 July 1372	000000001381-06-14-000014 June 1381	murdered in the Peasants' Revolt
Sir Robert Tresilian	000000001381-06-22-000022 June 1381	000000001387-11-17-000017 November 1387
Sir Walter Clopton	000000001388-01-31-000031 January 1388	000000001400-10-21-000021 October 1400
Sir William Gascoigne	000000001400-11-15-000015 November 1400	000000001413-03-29-000029 March 1413
Sir William Hankford	000000001413-03-29-000029 March 1413	000000001423-12-12-000012 December 1423
Sir William Cheyne	000000001424-01-21-000021 January 1424	000000001439-01-20-000020 January 1439
Sir John Juyn	000000001439-01-20-000020 January 1439	000000001440-03-24-000024 March 1440
Sir John Hody	000000001440-04-13-000013 April 1440	000000001442-01-25-000025 January 1442
Sir John Fortescue	000000001442-01-25-000025 January 1442	000000001461-05-13-000013 May 1461
Sir John Markham	000000001461-05-13-000013 May 1461	000000001469-01-23-000023 January 1469
Sir Thomas Billing	000000001469-01-23-000023 January 1469	000000001481-05-05-00005 May 1481
Sir William Hussey	000000001481-05-07-00007 May 1481	000000001495-09-08-00008 September 1495
Sir John Fineux	000000001495-11-24-000024 November 1495	000000001526-01-23-000023 January 1526
Sir John FitzJames	000000001526-01-23-000023 January 1526	000000001539-01-21-000021 January 1539
Sir Edward Montagu	000000001539-01-21-000021 January 1539	000000001545-11-09-00009 November 1545
Sir Richard Lyster	000000001545-11-09-00009 November 1545	000000001552-03-21-000021 March 1552
Sir Roger Cholmeley	000000001552-03-21-000021 March 1552	000000001553-10-04-00004 October 1553
Sir Thomas Bromley	000000001553-10-04-00004 October 1553	000000001555-06-11-000011 June 1555
Sir William Portman	000000001555-06-11-000011 June 1555	000000001557-05-08-00008 May 1557
Sir Edward Saunders	000000001557-05-08-00008 May 1557	000000001559-01-22-000022 January 1559
Sir Robert Catlyn	000000001559-01-22-000022 January 1559	000000001574-11-08-00008 November 1574
Sir Christopher Wray	000000001574-11-08-00008 November 1574	000000001592-06-02-00002 June 1592
Sir John Popham	000000001592-06-02-00002 June 1592	000000001607-06-25-000025 June 1607
Sir Thomas Fleming	000000001607-06-25-000025 June 1607	000000001613-10-25-000025 October 1613
Sir Edward Coke	000000001613-10-25-000025 October 1613	000000001616-11-16-000016 November 1616
Sir Henry Montagu	000000001616-11-16-000016 November 1616	000000001621-01-29-000029 January 1621
Sir James Ley	000000001621-01-29-000029 January 1621	000000001625-01-26-000026 January 1625
Sir Ranulph Crewe	000000001625-01-26-000026 January 1625	000000001627-02-05-00005 February 1627
Sir Nicholas Hyde	000000001627-02-05-00005 February 1627	000000001631-10-24-000024 October 1631
Sir Thomas Richardson	000000001631-10-24-000024 October 1631	000000001635-02-04-00004 February 1635^†	died in office
Sir John Bramston	000000001635-04-14-000014 April 1635	000000001642-10-31-000031 October 1642
Sir Robert Heath	000000001642-10-31-000031 October 1642	000000001645-10-01-0000October 1645
Sir Henry Rolle	000000001648-10-12-000012 October 1648	000000001655-06-15-000015 June 1655
John Glynne	000000001655-06-15-000015 June 1655	000000001660-01-17-000017 January 1660	Knighted in 1660
Sir Richard Newdigate	000000001660-01-17-000017 January 1660	000000001660-10-01-00001 October 1660
Sir Robert Foster	000000001660-10-21-000021 October 1660	000000001663-10-04-00004 October 1663^†	First Chief Justice after the Restoration; died in office
Sir Robert Hyde	000000001663-10-19-000019 October 1663	000000001665-05-01-00001 May 1665^†	Died in office
Sir John Kelynge	000000001665-11-21-000021 November 1665	000000001671-05-09-00009 May 1671^†	Died in office
Sir Matthew Hale	000000001671-05-18-000018 May 1671	000000001676-02-20-000020 February 1676	Formerly Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer 1660–1671
Sir Richard Raynsford	000000001676-04-12-000012 April 1676	000000001678-05-31-000031 May 1678
Sir William Scroggs	000000001678-05-31-000031 May 1678	000000001681-04-11-000011 April 1681
Sir Francis Pemberton	000000001681-04-11-000011 April 1681	000000001683-09-28-000028 September 1683	Later Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in 1683
Sir George Jeffreys (Lord Jeffreys from 1685)	000000001683-09-28-000028 September 1683	000000001685-10-23-000023 October 1685	Lord Chancellor 1685–1688
Sir Edward Herbert	000000001685-10-23-000023 October 1685	000000001687-04-22-000022 April 1687	Later Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1687–1689
Sir Robert Wright	000000001687-04-22-000022 April 1687	000000001689-04-17-000017 April 1689	Briefly Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in April 1687
Sir John Holt	000000001689-04-17-000017 April 1689	000000001710-03-05-00005 March 1710^†	Died in office
Sir Thomas Parker (Lord Parker from 1714)	000000001710-03-11-000011 March 1710	000000001718-05-15-000015 May 1718	Regent of Great Britain from 1 August to 18 September 1714; later Lord Chancellor 1718–1725, created Earl of Macclesfield in 1721; impeached for corruption in 1725
Sir John Pratt	000000001718-05-15-000015 May 1718	000000001725-02-24-000024 February 1725	Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1721
Sir Robert Raymond (Lord Raymond from 1731)	000000001725-03-02-00002 March 1725	000000001733-10-31-000031 October 1733^†	Previously Attorney General 1720–1724; died in office
Sir Philip Yorke (Lord Hardwicke from 1733)	000000001733-10-31-000031 October 1733	000000001737-06-08-00008 June 1737	Previously Attorney General 1724–1733; later Lord Chancellor 1737–1756 and created Earl of Hardwicke in 1754
Sir William Lee	000000001737-06-08-00008 June 1737	000000001754-04-08-00008 April 1754^†	Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1754; died in office
Sir Dudley Ryder	000000001754-05-02-00002 May 1754	000000001756-05-25-000025 May 1756^†	Previously Attorney General 1737–1754; died in office
The Lord Mansfield (Earl of Mansfield from 1776)	000000001756-11-08-00008 November 1756	000000001788-06-04-00004 June 1788	Previously Attorney General 1754–1756; Lord Speaker in 1783
Sir Lloyd Kenyon (Lord Kenyon from 1788)	000000001788-06-04-00004 June 1788	000000001802-04-04-00004 April 1802^†	Previously Attorney General 1782–1783 1783–1784 and Master of the Rolls 1784–1788; died in office
Sir Edward Law (Lord Ellenborough from 1802)	000000001802-04-11-000011 April 1802	000000001818-11-02-00002 November 1818	Previously Attorney General 1801–1802; interim Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1806
Sir Charles Abbott (Lord Tenterden from 1827)	000000001818-11-02-00002 November 1818	000000001832-11-04-00004 November 1832^†	Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1827; died in office
Sir Thomas Denman (Lord Denman from 1834)	000000001832-11-04-00004 November 1832	000000001850-03-05-00005 March 1850	Previously Attorney General 1830–1832; interim Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1834
The Lord Campbell	000000001850-03-05-00005 March 1850	000000001859-06-24-000024 June 1859	Previously Attorney General 1834 and 1835–1841; briefly Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1841; later Lord Chancellor 1859–1861
Sir Alexander Cockburn, Bt	000000001859-06-24-000024 June 1859	000000001875-11-01-00001 November 1875	Previously Attorney General 1851–1852 1852–1856 and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1856–1859.

Lord Chief Justices of England (later England and Wales) 1875–present

Lord Chief Justice	From	Until	Remarks
Sir Alexander Cockburn, Bt	000000001875-11-01-00001 November 1875	000000001880-11-20-000020 November 1880^†	Died in office
The Lord Coleridge	000000001880-11-29-000029 November 1880	000000001894-06-14-000014 June 1894^†	Previously Attorney General 1871–1873 and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1873–1880; died in office
The Lord Russell of Killowen	000000001894-07-11-000011 July 1894	000000001900-08-10-000010 August 1900^†	Previously Attorney General 1886 1892–1894; first Catholic Lord Chief Justice; died in office
The Lord Alverstone	000000001900-10-24-000024 October 1900	000000001913-10-21-000021 October 1913	Previously Attorney-General 1885–1886 1886–1892 1895–1900 and Master of the Rolls in 1900; in retirement, created Viscount Alverstone in 1913
Sir Rufus Isaacs (Lord Reading from 1914, Viscount Reading from 1916, Earl of Reading 1917)	000000001913-10-21-000021 October 1913	000000001921-03-08-00008 March 1921	Previously Attorney General 1910–1913; later Viceroy of India 1921–1925 and created Marquess of Reading in 1926; first Jewish Lord Chief Justice
Sir Alfred Lawrence (Lord Trevithin from 1921)	000000001921-04-15-000015 April 1921	000000001922-03-02-00002 March 1922
Sir Gordon Hewart (Lord Hewart from 1922)	000000001922-03-08-00008 March 1922	000000001940-10-12-000012 October 1940	Previously Attorney General 1919–1922; in retirement, created Viscount Hewart in 1940
The Viscount Caldecote	000000001940-10-14-000014 October 1940	000000001946-01-23-000023 January 1946	Previously Attorney General 1928–1929 and 1932–1936 and Lord Chancellor 1939–1940
The Lord Goddard	000000001946-01-23-000023 January 1946	000000001958-09-29-000029 September 1958	Previously a law lord from 1944
The Lord Parker of Waddington	000000001958-09-29-000029 September 1958	000000001971-04-20-000020 April 1971
The Lord Widgery	000000001971-04-20-000020 April 1971	000000001980-04-15-000015 April 1980
The Lord Lane	000000001980-04-15-000015 April 1980	000000001992-04-27-000027 April 1992	Previously a law lord from 1979
The Lord Taylor of Gosforth	000000001992-04-27-000027 April 1992	000000001996-06-04-00004 June 1996
The Lord Bingham of Cornhill	000000001996-06-04-00004 June 1996	000000002000-06-06-00006 June 2000	First Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales; Master of the Rolls 1992–1996; Senior Law Lord 2000–2008;
The Lord Woolf	000000002000-06-06-00006 June 2000	000000002005-09-30-000030 September 2005	Previously a law lord from 1992; Master of the Rolls from 1996–2000
The Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers	000000002005-09-30-000030 September 2005	000000002008-10-01-00001 October 2008	Previously a law lord from 1999; Master of the Rolls 2000–2005; later Senior Law Lord 2008–2009 and President of the Supreme Court 2009–2012
The Lord Judge	000000002008-10-01-00001 October 2008	000000002013-09-30-000030 September 2013
The Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd	000000002013-10-01-00001 October 2013	Incumbent

References

↑ www.burkespeerage.com

Bibliography

Campbell, John (1874), Lives of the Chief Justices of England, in four volumes (two additional volumes were a "Continuation by Sir Joseph Arnould – Late Judge of the High Court of Bombay"), 3rd ed. London, John Murray 1874.

Judiciary of England and Wales

Courts

Current	Supreme Court Privy Council Court of Appeal High Court Crown Court High Court of Chivalry

Former	Court of King's Bench Court of Common Pleas Court of Chancery Court of Exchequer Star Chamber Court of High Commission Assize Court

Justices

Current	Lord Chief Justice Master of the Rolls Lord Justice of Appeal High Court judge

Former	Lord Chancellor Lords of Appeal in Ordinary Chief Baron of the Exchequer Justice of the King's Bench Puisne Justice of Chester

Law Officers

Current	Attorney General Solicitor General

Former	King's Advocate

Chief Justices of the Territories of the British Empire and the United Kingdom

Legend: Current territory; Former territory; * Now a Commonwealth realm; Now a member of the Commonwealth of Nations

Europe

Since 1234 England and Wales Since c.1200 Scotland 1175-1921 Ireland 1708–1757 Minorca Since 1713 Gibraltar 1763–1782 Minorca 1798–1802 Minorca 1800–1813 Malta (Protectorate) 1813–1964 Malta (Colony) 1807–1890 Heligoland 1809–1864 Ionian Islands 1878–1960 Cyprus 1921–1937 Irish Free State Since 1922 Northern Ireland

North America

17th century and before		18th century	19th and 20th century

1579 New Albion 1583–1907 Newfoundland 1605–1979 *Saint Lucia 1607–1776 Virginia Since 1619 Bermuda 1620–1691 Plymouth Colony 1623–1883 Saint Kitts *(Saint Kitts & Nevis) 1624–1966 *Barbados 1625–1650 Saint Croix 1627–1979 *Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1628–1883 Nevis *(Saint Kitts & Nevis) 1629–1691 Massachusetts Bay Colony 1632–1776 Maryland since 1632 Montserrat 1632–1860 Antigua *(Antigua & Barbuda) 1636–1776 Connecticut 1636–1776 Rhode Island 1637–1662 New Haven Colony	1643–1860 Bay Islands Since 1650 Anguilla 1655–1850 Mosquito Coast (protectorate) 1655–1962 *Jamaica 1663–1712 Carolina 1664–1776 New York 1665–1674 and 1702–1776 New Jersey Since 1666 British Virgin Islands Since 1670 Cayman Islands 1670–1973 *Bahamas 1670–1870 Rupert's Land 1671–1816 Leeward Islands 1674–1702 East Jersey 1674–1702 West Jersey 1680–1776 New Hampshire 1681–1776 Pennsylvania 1686–1689 Dominion of New England 1691–1776 Massachusetts	1701–1776 Delaware 1712–1776 North Carolina 1712–1776 South Carolina 1713–1867 Nova Scotia 1733–1776 Georgia 1754–1820 Cape Breton Island 1762–1974 *Grenada 1763–1978 Dominica 1763–1873 Prince Edward Island 1763–1791 Quebec 1763–1783 East Florida 1763–1783 West Florida 1784–1867 New Brunswick 1791–1841 Lower Canada 1791–1841 Upper Canada Since 1799 Turks and Caicos Islands	1818–1846 Columbia District/Oregon Country¹ 1833–1960 Windward Islands 1833–1960 Leeward Islands 1841–1867 Province of Canada 1849–1866 Vancouver Island 1853–1863 Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands 1858–1866 British Columbia 1859–1870 North-Western Territory 1860–1981 *British Antigua and Barbuda 1862–1863 Stikine Territory 1866–1871 Vancouver Island and British Columbia 1867–1931 *Dominion of Canada² 1871–1964 British Honduras (*Belize) 1882–1983 *Saint Kitts and Nevis 1889–1962 Trinidad and Tobago 1907–1949 Dominion of Newfoundland³ 1958–1962 West Indies Federation

1. Occupied jointly with the United States.
2. In 1931, Canada and other British dominions obtained self-government through the Statute of Westminster. See Canada's name.
3. Gave up self-rule in 1934, but remained a de jure Dominion until it joined Canada in 1949.

South America

1651–1667 Willoughbyland (Suriname) 1670–1688 Saint Andrew and Providence Islands⁴ 1831–1966 British Guiana (Guyana) Since 1833 Falkland Islands⁵ Since 1908 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands⁵

4. Now the San Andrés y Providencia Department of Colombia. 5. Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of April–June 1982.

Africa

17th and 18th centuries	19th century		20th century

Since 1658 Saint Helena¹⁴ 1792–1961 Sierra Leone 1795–1803 Cape Colony	Since 1815 Ascension Island¹⁴ Since 1816 Tristan da Cunha¹⁴ 1806–1910 Cape Colony 1807–1808 Madeira 1810–1968 Mauritius 1816–1965 The Gambia 1856–1910 Natal 1868–1966 Basutoland (Lesotho) 1874–1957 Gold Coast (Ghana) 1882–1922 Egypt	1884–1966 Bechuanaland (Botswana) 1884–1960 British Somaliland 1887–1897 Zululand 1890–1962 Uganda 1890–1963 Zanzibar (Tanzania) 1891–1964 Nyasaland (Malawi) 1891–1907 British Central Africa Protectorate 1893–1968 Swaziland 1895–1920 East Africa Protectorate 1899–1956 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan	1900–1914 Northern Nigeria 1900–1914 Southern Nigeria 1900–1910 Orange River Colony 1900–1910 Transvaal Colony 1903–1976 Seychelles 1906–1954 Nigeria Colony 1910–1931 South Africa 1914–1954 Nigeria Colony and Protectorate 1915–1931 South West Africa (Namibia) 1919–1960 Cameroons (Cameroon)⁶ 1920–1963 Kenya 1922–1961 Tanganyika (Tanzania)⁶ 1923–1965 Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)⁷ 1924–1964 Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) 1953–1963 Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland 1954–1960 Nigeria 1979–1980 Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe)⁷

6. League of Nations mandate.
7. Self-governing Southern Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence in 1965 (as Rhodesia) and continued as an unrecognised state until the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.

Asia

17th and 18th century	19th century		20th century

1685–1824 Bencoolen (Sumatra) 1702–1705 Pulo Condore 1757-1862 Bengal (to 1862) 1862–1947 Bengal (from 1862) (West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh) 1762–1764 Manila and Cavite 1786–1946 Penang (Malaysia) 1795–1948 Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 1796–1965 Maldives	1812–1824 Banka (Sumatra) and Billiton (Sumatra) 1819–1826 British Malaya (West Malaysia and Singapore) 1826–1946 Straits Settlements (Malaysia and Singapore) 1839–1967 Colony of Aden 1839–1842 Afghanistan 1841–1997 Hong Kong 1841–1946 Kingdom of Sarawak (Malaysia) 1848–1946 Labuan (Malaysia) 1858–1947 British India (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Burma) • Bombay • Calcutta • Madras • North-Western Provinces/Allahabad) 1874–1963 British Borneo (East Malaysia and Brunei)	1879–1919 Afghanistan (protectorate) 1882–1963 British North Borneo (Malaysia) 1885–1946 Unfederated Malay States 1888–1984 Sultanate of Brunei 1891–1971 Muscat and Oman protectorate 1892–1971 Trucial States 1895–1946 Federated Malay States 1898–1930 Weihai Garrison	1907–1949 Bhutan (protectorate) 1918–1961 Kuwait protectorate 1920–1932 Iraq⁸ 1921–1946 Transjordan⁸ 1923–1948 Palestine⁸ 1945–1946 South Vietnam 1946–1963 North Borneo (Malaysia) 1946–1963 Sarawak (Malaysia) 1946–1963 Singapore 1946–1948 Malayan Union 1948–1957 Federation of Malaya (Malaysia) Since 1960 Akrotiri and Dhekelia (before as part of Cyprus) Since 1965 British Indian Ocean Territory (before as part of Mauritius and the Seychelles)

⁸ League of Nations mandate. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty

Oceania

18th and 19th centuries		20th century

1788–1901 New South Wales 1803–1901 Tasmania 1807–1863 Auckland Islands⁹ 1824–1980 New Hebrides (Vanuatu) 1824–1901 Queensland 1829–1901 Western Australia 1836–1901 South Australia since 1838 Pitcairn Islands	1841–1907 Colony of New Zealand 1851–1901 Victoria 1874–1970 Fiji¹⁰ 1877–1976 British Western Pacific Territories 1884–1949 Territory of Papua 1888–1901 Cook Islands⁹ 1889–1948 Union Islands (Tokelau)⁹ 1892–1979 Gilbert and Ellice Islands¹¹ 1893–1978 British Solomon Islands¹²	1900–1970 Tonga (protected state) 1900–1974 Niue⁹ 1901–1942 Commonwealth of AustraliaNorthern Territory 1907–1953 *Dominion of New Zealand 1919–1942 Nauru 1945–1968 Nauru 1919–1949 Territory of New Guinea 1949–1975 Territory of Papua and New Guinea¹³

9. Now part of the *Realm of New Zealand.
10. Suspended member.
11. Now Kiribati and *Tuvalu.
12. Now the *Solomon Islands.
13. Now *Papua New Guinea.

Antarctica and South Atlantic

Since 1658 Saint Helena¹⁴ Since 1815 Ascension Island¹⁴ Since 1816 Tristan da Cunha¹⁴ Since 1908 British Antarctic Territory¹⁵ 1841–1933 Australian Antarctic Territory (transferred to the Commonwealth of Australia) 1841–1947 Ross Dependency (transferred to the Realm of New Zealand)

14. Since 2009 part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena. 15. Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands).

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