List of proposed geoengineering schemes
This is a list of notable geoengineering schemes proposed in scientific journals. This article is about climate engineering geoengineering.
Solar radiation management, cloud modification
Solar radiation management[1][2][3]
Atmospheric projects
General proposals[4]
- Reflective aerosols or (atmospheric) dust[5][6][7]
- Reflective engineered nanoparticles[8]
- Stratospheric sulfur aerosols[9][10][11][12]
- Marine cloud brightening[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]
- Ocean sulfur cycle enhancement[12][21][22][23]
- Ocean mixing[24][25]
- Reflective balloons[26][27][28]
- Modified ship /aircraft exhaust composition[29]
- Stratospheric Particle Injection for Climate Engineering
Terrestrial albedo modification
- Cool roof[30]
- Reflective plastic sheeting covering desert[31][32] and glaciers[33]
- Building thicker sea ice[34][35]
Land management / Bio-geoengineering
Ocean schemes
- Oceanic foams[40]
- Ocean hydrosols[41]
- Bering Sea dam[42][43]
- Barriers to seawater exchange in front of shelf ice [44]
Space projects
- Space sunshade[45]
- Mining moon dust[46][47][48] or asteroids.[49]
- Diffraction grating or lens in space, (L1 point)[50][51][52]
- Lunar spectrum shifting – to accelerate chlorophyll metabolic clocks[53]
Greenhouse gas remediation
Main article: Greenhouse gas remediation
See also: Climate change mitigation
Carbon sequestration
Main article: Carbon sequestration
Biological processes
- Ocean iron fertilization[54][55][56][57]
- Ocean urea fertilisation[58]
- Reforestation[59]
- Peat production[60]
- Ocean mixing[24][25][61][62][63][64]
- HadCM3, a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model
Physical processes
- Biochar burial[65][66][67]
- Bio-energy with carbon storage[68][69][70]
- Burying biomass[71][72]
- Biomass ocean storage[73][74]
- Carbon capture and storage[75][76][77]
Chemical techniques
- Mineral carbonation / mineral sequestration.[78][79][78][80][81]
- Carbon negative cement[82][83][84]
- Oil shale ash[85]
- Carbon air capture[86][86][87][88][89][90]
- Ocean acid neutralisation[91][92][93][94][95][96][97]
- Ocean hydrochloric acid removal[98]
Other greenhouse gas remediation
Other schemes
See also
- Jeff Goodell's 2010 How to Cool the Planet: Geoengineering and the Audacious Quest to Fix Earth’s Climate ("Can We 'Cool the Planet' through Geoengineering?")
- List of geoengineering topics
References
- ↑ Hoyle, F., 1957: The Black Cloud, Harper and Brothers, New York.
- ↑ Kahle, A. B., and D. Deirmendjian, 1973: The black cloud experiment, Rand Corporation report R-1263-ARPA, Santa Monica CA.
- ↑ Teller, E.; Hyde, T.; Wood, L. (2002). "Active Climate Stabilization: Practical Physics-Based Approaches to Prevention of Climate Change" (PDF). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Retrieved 21 April 2008.
- ↑ Harshvardhan (June 1978). "Albedo enhancement and perturbation of radiation balance due to stratospheric aerosols". Unknown. Bibcode:1978aepr.rept.....H. 1978aepr.rept.....H.
- ↑ Budyko, M. I., Climate Changes, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, English translation of 1974 Russian volume, 1977, p. 244
- ↑ National Academy of Sciences, Policy implications of greenhouse warming: Mitigation, adaptation and the science base. National Academy Press, Washington DC, 1992, pp. 433–464.
- ↑ Problems with geo-engineering schemes to combat climate change, G. Bala, CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 96, NO. 1, 10 January 2009
- ↑ Keith, David W.: Photophoretic levitation of engineered aerosols for geoengineering, PNAS, published 07. September 2010
- ↑ Crutzen, Paul J. (2006). "Albedo enhancement by stratospheric sulfur injections: A contribution to resolve a policy dilemma?" (PDF). Climatic Change. 77 (3–4): 211–219. doi:10.1007/s10584-006-9101-y.
- ↑ "Can a Million Tons of Sulfur Dioxide Combat Climate Change?". Wired. 23 June 2008.
- ↑ Paul Crutzen, "Albedo enhancement by stratospheric sulfur injections: a contribution to resolve a policy dilemma?" Journal of Climatic Change, vol. 77, no. 3-4, August 2006
- 1 2 "Bates et al. – Sulfur Emissions to the Atmosphere from Natural Sources". Pmel.noaa.gov. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ↑ Latham, J. (1990). "Control of global warming" (PDF). Nature. 347 (6291): 339–340. Bibcode:1990Natur.347..339L. doi:10.1038/347339b0.
- ↑ Latham, J.; Salter, S. "Preventing global warming by increasing cloud albedo" (PDF). Retrieved 20 April 2008. (A brief handout, with artist's renderings.)
- ↑ Keith Bower et al., "Assessment of a Proposed Technique for Global Warming Mitigation via Albedo-Enhancement of Marine Stratocumulus Clouds", Atmospheric Research, vol. 82, no. 1-2, pp. 328–336
- ↑ Latham, J. (2002). "Amelioration of global warming by controlled enhancement of the albedo and longevity of low-level maritime clouds" (PDF). Atmos. Sci. Lett. 3 (2–4): 52–58. Bibcode:2002AtScL...3...52L. doi:10.1006/asle.2002.0099.
- ↑ Salter, S, G. Sortino & J. Latham, (2008). Sea-going hardware for the cloud albedo method of reversing global warming, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0136
- ↑ Latham, J. 1990 Control of global warming? Nature 347, 339–340.
- ↑ Latham, J., Philip .J. Rasch, C.C.Chen, L. Kettles, A. Gadian, A. Gettelman, H. Morrison, K. Bower., 2008. Global Temperature Stabilization via Controlled Albedo Enhancement of Low-level Maritime Clouds. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A, doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0137
- ↑ Reference. J. Latham, P.J. Rasch, C.C.Chen, L. Kettles, A. Gadian, A. Gettelman, H. Morrison, K. Bower, T.W.Choularton., Global Temperature Stabilization via Controlled Albedo Enhancement of Low-level Maritime Clouds. 2008. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A, 366, 3969?3987, doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0137
- ↑ Atmospheric Environment 41 (2007) 7373–7375
- ↑ Oliver W. Wingenter. "Slowing Global Warming by Enhancing the Natural Sulfur Cycle". Climos.com. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ↑ Coale, K. H.; Johnson, K. S.; Buesseler, K.; Sofex Group, . (2002). "SOFeX: Southern Ocean Iron Experiments. Overview and Experimental Design". American Geophysical Union. 22: 01. Bibcode:2002AGUFMOS22D..01C.
- 1 2 "Microsoft Word - 9-5 ETCC.doc" (PDF). Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- 1 2 http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2008/10885/EGU2008-A-10885.pdf
- ↑ "Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming: Mitigation, Adaptation, and the Science Base". Books.nap.edu. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ↑ Teller et al, 1997
- ↑ "IPCC Third Assessment Report – Climate Change 2001 – Complete online versions | UNEP/GRID-Arendal – Publications – Other". Grida.no. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ↑ Archived 8 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Hashem Akbari et al., "Global Cooling: Increasing World-wide Urban Albedos to Offset CO2", draft paper. Available online at: http://www.energy.ca.gov/2008publications/CEC-999-2008-020/CEC-999-2008-020.PDF
- ↑ Alvia Gaskill, "Desert Area Coverage", Global Albedo Enhancement Project. Available online at: http://www.global-warming-geo-engineering.org/Albedo-Enhancement/Surface-Albedo-Enhancement/Calculation-of-Coverage-Areas-to-Achieve-Desired-Level-of-ForcingOffsets/Desert-Area-Coverage/ag28.html
- ↑ "Global Albedo Enhancement Project: Surface Albedo Enhancement Principle". Global-warming-geo-engineering.org. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ↑ M. Olefs and A.Fischer. "Comparative study of technical measures to reduce snow and ice ablation in Alpine glacier ski resorts". in "Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2007". Retrieved 6 September 2009.
- ↑ Watts, Robert G. (1997). "Cryospheric processes". Engineering Response to Global Climate Change: Planning a Research and Development Agenda (Digitized online by Googlebooks). CRC Press. p. 419. ISBN 9781566702348. Retrieved 2 January 2009.
- ↑ "Duct Tape Methods to Save the Earth: Re-Ice the Arctic". Popular Science. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
- ↑ "Climate_effects_of_deforestation" (PDF). Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ↑ Hamwey (2006). "Active Amplification of the Terrestrial Albedo to Mitigate Climate Change: An Exploratory Study". Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. 12 (4): 419. arXiv:physics/0512170. doi:10.1007/s11027-005-9024-3.
- ↑ "A high-albedo diet will chill the planet – environment – 15 January 2009". New Scientist. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ↑ Ridgwell et al., Tackling Regional Climate Change By Leaf Albedo Bio-geoengineering, Current Biology (2009), doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.12.025
- ↑ Evans, J.; Stride, E.; Edirisinghe, M.; Andrews, D.; Simons, R. (2010). "Can oceanic foams limit global warming?". Climate Research. 42 (2): 155–160. doi:10.3354/cr00885.
- ↑ Seitz, R. (2010). "Bright water: Hydrosols, water conservation and climate change". Climatic Change. 105 (3–4): 365–381. doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9965-8.
- ↑ Schuttenhelm, Rolf (2008). "Diomede Crossroads – Saving the North Pole? Thoughts on plausibility".
- ↑ "Could a Massive Dam Between Alaska and Russia Save the Arctic?". Huffington Post. 27 November 2010. Retrieved 10 March 2011.
- ↑ "Antarktis: Der Schutzschild bricht auf" (in German). 2016-02-17. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
- ↑ David W. Keith, "Geoengineering the climate: History and Prospect", Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, Vol. 25, 2000, pp. 245–284, doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.25.1.245
- ↑ Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, vol 60, p 1
- ↑ Roger Angel and S. Pete Worden, "Making Sun-Shades from Moon Dust", National Space Society, Ad Astra, vol. 18, no. 1, Summer 2006. Available online at: http://www.nss.org/adastra/volume18/angel.html
- ↑ LiveScience, Space Ring Could Shade Earth and Stop Global Warming
- ↑ Bewick, R.; Sanchez, J. P.; McInnes, C. R. (2012). "Gravitationally bound geoengineering dust shade at the inner Lagrange point". Advances in Space Research. 50 (10): 1405. Bibcode:2012AdSpR..50.1405B. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2012.07.008.
- ↑ See footnote 23 in E. Teller, L. Wood, and R. Hyde (1997) "Global Warming and Ice Ages: Prospects for Physics-Based Modulation of Global Change".
- ↑ E. Teller, L. Wood, and R. Hyde (1997) "Global Warming and Ice Ages: Prospects for Physics-Based Modulation of Global Change".
- ↑ See Russell Dovey, "Supervillainy: Astroengineering Global Warming" and Bill Christensen, "Reduce Global Warming by Blocking Sunlight".
- ↑ http://www.countercurrents.org/cc-scheff271005.htm
- ↑ "BG – Abstract – The impact on atmospheric CO2 of iron fertilization induced changes in the ocean's biological pump". Biogeosciences.net. 4 July 2010. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ↑ "No Title". Formal.stanford.edu. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ↑ Planktos, http://www.planktos-science.com/
- ↑ "Cold Carbon Sink: Slowing Global Warming with Antarctic Iron – SPIEGEL ONLINE". Der Spiegel. 18 December 2008. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ↑ Anna Salleh (9 November 2007). "Urea 'climate solution' may backfire " Analysis (ABC Science)". Australia: ABC. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ↑ McDermott, Mat (22 August 2008). "Can Aerial Reforestation Help Slow Climate Change? Discovery Project Earth Examines Re-Engineering the Planet's Possibilities". TreeHugger. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ↑ http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19826542.400-burying-biomass-to-fight-climate-change.html?full=true
- ↑ Lovelock, J. E. and Rapley, C. G.: Ocean pipes could help the earth to cure itself, Nature, 449, p. 403, 2007
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- ↑ James E. Lovelock and Chris G. Rapley, "Ocean pipes could help the earth to cure itself", Nature vol. 449, no. 7161, 27 September 2007, p. 403, doi:10.1038/449403a
- ↑ http://www.biogeosciences-discuss.net/6/1/2009/bgd-6-1-2009-print.pdf
- ↑ Lehmann, J., Gaunt, J., and Rondon, M.: Bio-char sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems – a review, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 11, 403–427, 2006
- ↑ "International Biochar Initiative | International Biochar Initiative". Biochar-international.org. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ↑ http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126921.500-one-last-chance-to-save-mankind.html?full=true
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- ↑ Christian Azar et al., "Carbon Capture and Storage From Fossil Fuels and Biomass – Costs and Potential Role in Stabilizing the Atmosphere", Climatic Change, vol. 74, no. 1-3, January 2006, pp. 47–79
- ↑ "Carbon Balance and Management | Full text | Carbon sequestration via wood burial". Cbmjournal.com. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ↑ http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19826542.400
- ↑ "Ocean Sequestration of Crop Residue Carbon: Recycling Fossil Fuel Carbon Back to Deep Sediments – Environmental Science & Technology (ACS Publications)". Pubs.acs.org. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ↑ Strand, S. E.; Benford, G. (2009). "Ocean Sequestration of Crop Residue Carbon: Recycling Fossil Fuel Carbon Back to Deep Sediments". Environmental Science & Technology. 43 (4): 1000. doi:10.1021/es8015556.
- ↑ "Weyburn-Midale CO2 Project, World's first CO2 measuring, monitoring and verification initiative". Petroleum Technology Research Centre. Retrieved 9 April 2009.
- ↑ Squaring the circle – carbon capture and storage – Chris Hodrien – Claverton Energy Conference, Bath, 2008
- ↑ "Subscription Verification". Dailyoilbulletin.com. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- 1 2 Herzog, Howard (14 March 2002). "Carbon Sequestration via Mineral Carbonation: Overview and Assessment" (PDF). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 5 March 2009.
- ↑ Goldberg, Philip; Zhong-Ying Chen; O'Connor, William; Walters, Richard; Ziock Hans (1998). "CO2 Mineral Sequestration Studies in US" (PDF). National Energy Technology Laboratory. Retrieved 6 March 2009. Cite uses deprecated parameter
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(help) - ↑ Peter B. Kelemen1 and Jürg Matter (3 November 2008). "In situ carbonation of peridotite for CO2 storage". Pnas.org. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
- ↑ "Scientists say a rock can soak up carbon dioxide". Reuters. 7 November 2008.
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- ↑ Jha, Alok (31 December 2008). "Revealed: The cement that eats carbon dioxide". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
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- 1 2 Chang, Kenneth (19 February 2008). "Scientists Would Turn Greenhouse Gas Into Gasoline". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- ↑ An Error Occurred Setting Your User Cookie
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- ↑ Adam, David (31 May 2008). "Could US scientist's 'CO2 catcher' help to slow warming?". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
- ↑ Harvey, L. D. D.: Mitigating the atmospheric CO2 increase and ocean acidification by adding limestone powder to upwelling regions, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 113, C04028, doi:10.1029/2007JC004373, 2008.
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- ↑ Stolaroff, J. K.; Bhattacharyya, S.; Smith, C. A.; Bourcier, W. L.; Cameron-Smith, P. J.; Aines, R. D. (2012). "Review of Methane Mitigation Technologies with Application to Rapid Release of Methane from the Arctic". Environmental Science & Technology. 46 (12): 6455. doi:10.1021/es204686w.
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- ↑ http://www.atm.helsinki.fi/FAAR/reportseries/rs-109/abstracts/Luxi%20Zhou.pdf
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