List of nicknames of European royalty and nobility: A
Main article: List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility
A
- Abd al-Malik the Victorious (al-Muzaffar) [1]
- Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo the Loyal, the Victorious [2]
- Abd ar-Rahman I the Immigrant, the Just
- Abd-ar-Rahman III al-Nasir (the Defender of the Faith), the Victor for the Religion of Allah (Ar. an Nasir li-din Allah), the Victorious
- Abdul Hamid I, Ottoman Sultan the Saint [3]
- Abdulhamid II, Ottoman Sultan the Bloody, the Damned [4][5]
- Abdul Hamid II the Red Sultan [6]
- Abdul Hamid II the Cunning [4]
- Abdul Hamid II, Ottoman Sultan Kizil [7]
- Abu 'abd Allah Muhammad XII, Sultan of Granada Boabdil, the Moor
- Abu l-Hasan Ali, Sultan of Granada Muley Hacén
- Adalbero of Styria the Rich
- Adalbert I of Vermandois the Righteous"
- Adalbert I of Tuscany the Great [8]
- Adalbert of Prague the Apostle of Bohemia, the Apostle of the Prussians, the Apostle of the Slavs. the Saint [9]
- Adalbert II of Tuscany the Rich [8][10]
- Adelaide of Italy the Saint
- Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg Adolf of Nassau
- Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine the Upright
- Adolph of the Palatinate the Simple
- Áed of Scotland Aed of the Swift Foot [11]
- Áed Allán the Handsome [12]
- Aed Find, King of Scots Dal Riata, c748-778, Airechtech (of the Assemblies), the Fair (Find), the White [13]
- Áed Oirdnide mac Néill the Anointed, the Dignified, the Ordained [12]
- Áedán mac Gabráin Fradawg
- Aelfwynn the Lady of the Mercians
- Aemilian the Barracks Emperor, the Emperor of the Army [14]
- Afridun I the Martyr
- Æthelthryth the Saint
- Athelstan of England the Glorious
- Æthelfrith of Northumbria Æthelfrith the Twister (Eadfered Flesaurs) [15]
- Agesilaus II the Lame [16]
- Agnes of Bohemia Agnes of Praque, the Saint [17][18]
- Agnes Dunbar, 4th Countess of Moray Black Agnes of Dunbar, the Savior of Dunbar Castle [19][20][21]
- Agnes Sorel Dame de Beauté, la Dame de Beaute [22]
- Afonso I of Portugal Afonso Henriques, the Conqueror, the Great, the Father of the Portuguese Nation, the Founder [23]
- Afonso II of Portugal the Fat, the Lawgiver-King
- Afonso III of Portugal le Neveu, the Bolognian, the Usurper
- Afonso IV of Portugal 'the Bold, the Brave
- Afonso V of Portugal the African
- Afonso VI of Portugal the Victorious
- Afonso de Albuquerque the Great, the Portuguese Mars [24][25][26]
- Agilulf the Thuringian
- Ahmed I, Ottoman Sultan the Lucky [27]
- Ahmed, son of Boabdil, the Young Prince (Sp. el Infantico)[28]
- Ahmed (d. 1451), son of Murad II, Ottoman Sultan, the Little, the Small
- Ainbcellach mac Ferchair the Good
- Aimone of Savoy the Peaceful
- Al-Hakam I el Motín del Arrabal
- Alan I, Duke of Brittany the Great
- Alan II, Duke of Brittany of the Twisted Beard (Fr. Barbe-Torte)
- Alan III, Duke of Brittany Alan of Rennes
- Alan de Bretagne, 1st Earl of Richmond the Black '
- Albert, Duke of Saxony the Resolute
- Albert I of Belgium the Chivalrous King
- Albert I of Brandenburg Albert of Ballenstadt, the Bear,[29] the Fair
- Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg the Great
- Alice Perrers the Devil's Tool [30]
- Alonzo Telez I, Lord of Meneses (d. 1230) the Old
- Alberico da Barbiano the Great
- Albert I, Prince of Monaco the King of the Oceans, the Learned Prince, the Navigator Prince, the Wise Prince [31][32]
- Albert I, Lord of Carpi, 1450–1464 the Old
- Albert I of Brandenburg the Handsome
- Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg the Tall
- Albert II, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing the Young, the Younger
- Albert II of Austria the Lame, the Prudent, the Wise
- Albert II of Germany Albert V of Austria the Generous, the Illustrious, the Liberal, the Magnanimous
- Albert II of Mecklenburg the Fox of Mecklenburg'
- Albert II, Margrave of Meissen the Decadent, the Degenerate
- Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg the Lion
- Albert III, Duke of Bavaria the Pious [33]
- Albert III, Duke of Saxony the Bold, the Brave, the Saxon Roland, der Heldenmütige, the German Hector
- Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg the Achilles of Germany
- Albert III of Austria Albert of the Long Hair
- Albert III, Count of Habsburg (d. 1199) the Rich
- Albert III of Hohenberg-Rottenburg (1265–1304) Rosselman
- Albert IV, Count of Habsburg the Wise
- Albert IV, Duke of Austria the Patient [16]
- Albert IV of Austria the Peculiar, the Wonderful
- Albert IV of Bavaria the Wise [34]
- Albert V, Duke of Bavaria the Generous, the Liberal, the Magnanimous, the Practical
- Albert VI of Bavaria the Leuchtenberger
- Albert VI, Archduke of Austria the Spendthrift
- Albert VI, Duke of Austria the Prodigal [16]
- Albert the Fat, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg [35]
- Albert VII, Archduke of Austria the Pious
- Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg the Handsome
- Albert, Burgrave of Nuremberg (d. 1361) the Handsome
- Albert, Margrave of Massa and Corsica Corso [8]
- Albert, Margrave of Parodi (d.c1166) Zueta [8]
- Albert of Liège the Saint
- Albert of Nuremberg the Fair
- Albert of Sweden the Young, the Younger [36]
- Albert Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach Alcibiades, the Warlike, the Young, the Younger
- Albert Radziwill (1558-1592), Grand Marshal of Lithuania the Lithuanian Justinian
- Alberto IV, Margrave of Massa and Corsica Rufo [8]
- Alessandro IV, Lord of Piombino, 1329-1337 the Weak
- Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence the Moor, Alessandro da Collavechio [37] [38]
- Alessandro Farnese (cardinal) the Great Cardinal (It. il Gran Cardinale) [39][40][41]
- Alexander (1598–1629) le Chevalier des Halles, natural son of Henry IV of France and Gabrielle d'Estrées
- Alexander I, Grand Prince of Tver the Saint
- Alexander I, Lord of Piombino the Conqueror [42]
- Alexander I, Prince of Wallachia the Great
- Alexander I of Georgia the Great
- Alexander I of Macedon the Philhellene
- Alexander I of Russia the Blessed the Crafty Greek, the Talma of the North, the Sphinx of Europe, the Sphinx of the North [43][44][45][46]
- Alexander I of Scotland the Fierce
- Alexander I of Yugoslavia the Knightly King, the Unifier [47]
- Alexander II, Prince of Pskov, 1327–1337 the Exile
- Alexander II, Prince of Suzdal, 1414–1417 the Pot Belly
- Alexander II of Russia the Liberator [48]
- Alexander II of Scotland the Peaceful [49]
- Alexander III, Grand Prince of Suzdal Briukhatiy, Bryukhatiy [50]
- Alexander III of Russia the Peacemaker, the Peasants' Friend [51][52]
- Alexander III of Scotland the Glorious
- Alexander IV of Pskov the Chip
- Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken the Limp
- Alexander, Prince of Moldavia the Evil Prince
- Alexander, Prince of Moldavia, 1785–1786 the Fugitive
- Alexander, Prince of Wallachia, 1592–1593 the Bad
- Alexander, Prince of Wallachia the Child-Prince
- Alexander, Prince of Yaroslavl, 1434–1463 Briukhatiy, Bryukhatiy
- Alexander of Tver the Fugitive
- Alexander the Great the Accursed, the Cursed, the Conqueror of the World, the Philosopher-King, the Great, Macedonia's Madman, the Madman of Macedonia [53][54]
- Alexander Boyd (d. 1469) the Mirror of Chivalry [55]
- Alexander Gordon, 2nd Duke of Gordon Cockalorum [56]
- Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon the Cock o' the North
- Alexander Gordon of Auchintool Sandy Don [56]
- Alexander Hamilton, 10th Duke of Hamilton the Proudest Man in Britain [57][58]
- Alexander Kurakin the Diamond Prince
- Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford The Tiger Earl
- Alexander MacCoinneach, 7th Lord of Kintail (1398–1488) the Upright
- Alexander Mackenzie, Lord of Kintail the Upright [59]
- Alexander Mavrocordato, Prince of Moldavia the Mad Prince
- Alexander Nevsky the Saint,[60] Alexander of the Neva
- Alexander Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan the Wolf of Badenoch, Big Alexander, the Celtic Attila Wolf of Badenoch
- Alexander Suvorov the Russian Hannibal [61]
- Alexander I Musat, Prince of Moldavia the Kind
- Alexios I of Trebizond the Great
- Alexis I of Russia the Antichrist, the Quietest, the Most Quiet, the Most Peaceful, the Most Meek [62][63]
- Alexios V, Byzantine Emperor the Bushy-Eyebrowed Murtzuphlus [64]
- Alfonso I of Asturias His Catholic Majesty [65]
- Alfonso I of Aragon the Battler, the Warrior
- Alfonso II of Aragon the Chaste, the Troubadour, the Minstrel
- Alfonso II of Asturias the Chaste
- Alfonso III of Aragon the Magnificent, the Free, the Do-Gooder, the Magnanimous
- Alfonso III of Asturias the Great
- Alfonso IV of Aragon the Good, the Kind, the Benign
- Alfonso IV of Leon the Monk [66]
- Alfonso V, Count of Ribagorza the Young, the Younger [67] the Young, the Younger
- Alfonso V of Leon the Noble
- Alfonso V of Aragon the Magnanimous [68] [69]
- Alfonso VI of Castile the Brave, the Emperor of Two Religions
- Alfonso VII of Castile the Emperor, the Good
- Alfonso VIII of Castile He of the Victory at Las Navas, the Child-King (Sp. el Rey Niño), the Noble, the Noble and Good [70]
- Alfonso IX of Leon the Slobberer
- Alfonso X of Castile the Astronomer, the Learned ,[71] the Wise
- Alfonso XI of Castile He of Salado River, the Avenger, the Implacable, the Just Image:Alfonsoxialgeciras.jpg
- Alfonso XII the Pacific
- Alfonso de la Cerda the Disinherited [72]
- Alfonso Fróilaz the Hunchback
- Alfonso of Aragon, 1st Duke of Villahermosa (1415–1485), the Great
- Alonso Pérez de Guzmán El Bueno the Good [73]
- Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Alfie
- Alfred the Great the Father of the Navy, the Marsh King [74][75]
- 'Ali Abu-l-Hasan of Granada the Well-Known [76]
- Amadeus I of Savoy Coda, the Tail ("His nickname was acquired after he refused to enter the presence of Emperor Heinrich III at Verona after his retinue ('queue') was refused entry.") [77]
- Amadeus III of Savoy the Great [78]
- Amadeus IV of Savoy le Loue
- Amadeus V of Savoy the Great Count
- Amadeus VI of Savoy the Green Count
- Amadeus VII of Savoy the Red Count[79]
- Amadeus VIII of Savoy the Gatekeeper of the Alps, the Peaceful [80]
- Amadeus IX of Savoy the Blessed,[81] the Lucky, the Merry
- Amanieu d'Albret Cardinal d'Albret [82]
- Amaury III, Lord of Montfort (d. 1090) the Mighty [83]
- Amlaíb Conung King of the Foreigners
- Amédée de Noé Cham [54]
- Amyntas II "The Little", "Small" [84]
- Anastasius I (emperor) Dicorus (Gr. Dikoros, one eye blue and one black), Two-Pupils, the Silent [16]
- André Boniface Louis de Riqueti, vicomte de Mirabeau Mirabeau Barrel [85]
- André Masséna Victory's Beloved Child, the Favored Child of Victory,[86][87][88] the Dear Child of Victory (Fr. l'Enfant Chéri de la Victoire ), the Engraver of History, the Greatest Name of My Military Empire (by Napoleon I) [88]
- Andrea Doria the Father of the County, the Father of Peace [22]
- Andrei Bogolyubsky Bogolyubsky ("His nickname 'Bogolyubksy' came from the castle of Bogolyubovo which was his favourite residence."),the God-Loving [89][90]
- Andrei, Duke of Vologda (1452-1481) the Young, the Younger
- Andrei, Prince Gorbaty-Shuiski (d. after 1550) Suchyok [50]
- Andrei, Prince of Pereyaslavl, 1134–1141 the Good
- Andrew I of Hungary the Catholic
- Andrew II of Hungary the Jerusalem-Farer
- Andrew III of Hungary the Venetian ("Born from a Venetian mother, he was brought up in the Republic.") [91]
- Andrew III of Pskov (1480) the Nail
- Prince Andrew, Duke of York Air Miles Andy, the Junket of York, the Duke of Yob, the Prince of Freebies [92][93]
- Andrey, Grand Prince of Suzdal, 1341–1355 the Pious
- Andrey II, Grand Prince of Suzdal, 1263–1264 the Emperor
- Andrey Bolshoy the Big
- Andrey, Prince of Shuisky Chastokol [50]
- Andrey, Prince of Vologda (1452–1481) Menshoy (the Smaller)
- Andronicus I Comnenus the Liberator
- Andronicus II the Old, the Father of the County
- Andronicus III Palaeologus the Young, the Younger
- Angilbert the Saint''
- Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius the Last of the Romans, the Saint [94]
- Anna of Russia the National Matchmaker [95]
- Anna Comnena the First Female Historian [96]
- Anna Porphyrogeneta of Byzantium the Purple-Born, wife of Vladimir I of Kiev [97]
- Anna Throndsen the Scottish Lady (Skottefruen) [98]
- Anne of Cleves the Flanders Mare [99] Blackamoor
- Anne, Queen of Great Britain Brandy Nan,[100] Mrs. Bull, Mrs. Morley
- Anne, Duchess of Maine the Queen of the Bees
- Anne, Princess Royal Princess Sourpuss [101]
- Anne de Montmorency the French Fabius [65][102]
- Anne-Benedicte of Bourbon-Conde the Doll of the Blood, the Royal Doll, the Little Black Beetle, wife of Louis, Duke of Maine and illegitimate son of King Louis XIV of France [103]
- Anne Boleyn Anne of the Thousand Days, the Concubine [104]
- Anne Colquhoun the Fair Maid of Luss [105]
- Lady Anne Farquharson-MacKintosh Colonel Anne, la Belle Rebelle [106][106]
- Anne Parsons the Duke of Grafton's Mrs. Houghton, the Duke of Dorset's Mrs. Houghton, Everybody's Mrs. Houghton (Alias Mrs. Houghton) [107]
- Anne-Claude-Louise d'Arpajon Madame l'Etiquette [65][108]
- Annora de Braose the Anchoress,[109] the Recluse of Iffley[109][110]
- Anselm, Count of Saint Pol Candavene [111]
- Anselm of Schonborn (1727–1801) the Posthumous
- Ansfred I the Dane
- Anthemius "The Little Greek" [112]
- Anthony II of Inhausen and Knyphausen the Posthumous
- Anthony, Lord of Croy (1390–1475) the Great
- Anthony, Prince of Wallachia, 1669–1672 Voda din Popesti
- Anthony of Burgundy (1421-1504) the Great [113]
- Anthony Clement of Saxony the Kind
- Antigonus I Monophthalmus the One-Eyed
- Antipater II of Macedon Antipater Etesias [84]
- Antoine, Duke of Lorraine the Good
- Antoine of Ligne "le Grand Diable" [114]
- Antoninus Pius the Adoptive Emperor
- Antonio I of Monaco Goliath [115]
- Antonio, Prior of Crato the Fighter, the Independentist, the Determined
- Anund Gårdske Anund the Russian
- Anund Jacob of Sweden the Coal-Burner, Kolbränna
- Archambaud I, Sire de Bourbon the French [116]
- Archambaud I, 1st Viscount of Comborn, Turenne and Ventadour, 959–996 the Butcher, Jambe Pourrie [117]
- Archambaud II, Lord of Bourbon le Vert, the Old [116]
- Archambaud II of Comborn le Boucher [118]
- Archambaud III, Lord of Bourbon du Montet, the Young, the Younger, Archambaud of Montet [116][117]
- Archambaud IV, Lord of Bourbon (1047–1078) the Bold, the Strong [116][117]
- Archambaud V, Lord of Bourbon the Pious [116][117]
- Archambaud VI, Count of Périgord, 1395–1399, the Young, the Younger
- Archambaud VII, Lord of Bourbon the Strong [116]
- Archambaud VIII, Sire de Bourbon the Great, the Young, the Younger [117]
- Ardolf I, Count of Guisnes (966–996) the Posthumous
- Art mac Cuinn the Lone, the Solitary
- Arthur I, Duke of Brittany the Posthumous
- Arthur III of Brittany the Justiciar [119]
- Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus Bell-the-cat, The Great Earl.
- Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas Victon [120]
- Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas The Grim, Black Archibald
- Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas the Loser, Tyneman [121]
- Archibald Douglas of Kilspindie Grey Steill, Greysteel [122]
- Archibald Douglas (died 1333) the Loser, Tyneman
- Arduin of Italy Arduin of Ivrea
- Arnaud I, Count of Angoulême (d.992), the Bastard
- Arnold III of Guînes (c.1225–?), the Great, the Old
- Arnold of Egmond
- Arnulf the Bad
- Arnulf of Carinthia the Great
- Arnulf of Metz Arnulf of Herstal [123]
- Arnulf I, Count of Flanders the Elder, the Great, the Lame, the Old, the Rich [124]
- Arnulf II, Count of Flanders the Young, the Younger
- Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria the Red Archduchess, the Red Princess [125][126]
- Aron Tiranul the Tyrant
- Arthur III, Duke of Brittany the Constable [119]
- Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington the Eagle, Europe's Liberator, the Iron Duke , Old, the Liberator of Europe, the Peer, the Savior of Europe, Douro, the Achilles of England, the Beau, Nosey, Old Nosey [127][128][129][129][65][130]
- Aruj Barbarossa, the Redbeard
- Ashot I Kuropalates the Great, the Saint
- Ashot II Ashot of Iron [131]
- Ashot II, King of Georgia, 923–954 der Kuche
- Ashot III Bagratuni the Blind
- Ashot III the Charitable, the Gracious, the Merciful [132][133] [131]
- Ashot IV (VIII), King of Armenia, 1021–1039 the Brave
- Ashot Bagratuni (d.826) the Meat-Eater, the Man-Eater [132]
- Asmund (d. 1065) Free-Booter, nephew of Sweyn II of Denmark
- Atenulf III of Benevento Carinola [134]
- Athanaric the Judge of the Visigoths [135]
- Attila the Hun Flagellum Dei [22]
- Attilio IV, Prince of Elba and Piombino the Pious [42]
- Attila the Hun the Hun, the Terror of the World [16]
- Aud the Deep-Minded
- August II the Strong the Iron Hand,[136] the Saxon Hercules,[136] the Strong[136]
- Auguste Louis Philippe Emmanuel de Croÿ, 9th Duke of Croÿ the Handsome Auguste
- Auguste Marmont Monsieur de Culfier le Roi Marmont
- Augustus III of Poland the Fat, the Saxon
- Augustus Pater atque Princeps (Father and Prince), the Father of the County [54]
- Augustus, Elector of Saxony the Lucky, the Saxon Justinian, Father Augustus, the Father
- Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg the Young, the Younger
- August Aleksander Czartoryski the Prince Palatine [137]
- Augustus Barry (1773-1818) Newgate [138]
- Augustus Fitzroy, 3rd Duke of Grafton the Tarfu Marconi, the Royal Oak [139][139]
- Aun the Old
- Aurelian the Restorer of the East, Restitutor Orientis, the Restorer of the World (Restitutor Orbis) [140]
- Aurelian Parthicus Maximus
- Aymer, Count of Angoulême (1160–1218), Taillefer
- Aymon II, Sire de Bourbon Vaire-Veche [117]
- Azzo II, Lord of Ferrara, 1215–1264 the Young, the Younger
- Alain Le Roux the Red
- Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł the Intimate of Three Kings [141][141][142]
- Alexandru cel Bun the Good
- Amauri de Montfort (d.ca. 1089), Lord of Montfort l'Amaury the Strong [143]
- Amadeus III of Savoy [78][144]
- Angus MacDonald of Islay, Prince of the Isles (1270–1330) Og
- Anna of Kiev Ianka [90][145]
- Anna Radziwiłł the Intolerable Woman [146][147]
- Ansaud I, Viscount of Auxerre the Rich
- Aonghas Óg the Young, the Younger [148][149]
- Antonio Caraffa the Hyena of Eperjes [150]
- Archambaud III, Lord of Bourbon the White [116]
- Arduin III, Margrave of Turin (d.after 976) il Glabro
- Arpad (850–907), Duke of the Magyars the Hungarian
- Asparukh, Prince of Bulgaria, 681–702 le Mobereau
- Adalbert of Austria the Victorious [151]
- Adarnase II, King of Georgia, 830–867 the Elder
- Albert III Achilles, Elector of Brandenburg the Ulysses [54]
- Alexander I of Yugoslavia the Unifier [47]
- Alexander III of Suzdal Vzmetenj [50]
- Afandreg Ddu of Powys the Black, wife of Cadfan ap Iago
- Alfonso VI the Victorious
- Alphonso of Brienne Alfonso of Acre [152]
- Alistair MacDonald of Keppoch Alexander MacDonald, Lord of Lochaber, Carrach
- Alan III, Duke of Brittany le Rèbre, Ruibriez [153]
- Alexandr, Prince Shuyskiy Lugvitza [50]
- Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir the Hammer of God, Almanzor, the Noble King [154] [154][155] [155]
- Angus Mor, Lord of the Isles the Elder [148][149]
- Archambaud II, Sire de Bourbon the Elder
- Archambaud V, Count of Périgord, 1369–1395, the Elder
- Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll the Uncrowned King of Scotland [156]
- Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus Bell-the-Cat
- Arduin Glaber the Bald [157]
- Arnulf III, Count of Flanders the Unlucky
- Artschil, King of Georgia, 736–786 the Martyr
- Aruj Baba Aruj, Baba Oruç (Father Aruj)
- Astrid of Sweden the Snow Princess, the Snow Queen
- Aubri, Count of Fezensac the Burgundian
- Aubrey de Vere III, 1st Earl of Oxford the Boar [158]
- Avignon Pope Clement VII the Butcher of Cesena, the Executioner of Cesena [159]
- Aymar VI, Count of Valentinois, 1345–1379 the Fat
Regnal Name
- Alfonso V of Aragon: Alfonso I of Naples, Alfonso II of Mallorca, Alfonso II of Sardinia, Alfonso II of Corsica, Alfonso III of Valencia, Alfonso IV of Barcelona, Alfonso IV of Sicily
References
- ↑ "Las Rutas de El legado andalusí - Fundación Pública Andaluza El legado andalusí". Legadoandalusi.es. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Las Rutas de El legado andalusí - Fundación Pública Andaluza El legado andalusí". Legadoandalusi.es. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "LookLex Encyclopaedia". I-cias.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 "Ottoman Web Site - Miscellaneous - FORSNET". Osmanli700.gen.tr. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Ottoman Empire History Encyclopedia - Letter O | Learn Ottoman Turkish History | Pictures | Sound files | Voice recordings". Practicalturkish.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20061022054359/http://www.lbdb.com/TMDisplayLeader.cfm?PID=5794. Archived from the original on October 22, 2006. Retrieved March 24, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "KOPRULU/VELES (YUGOSLAVIA) OTTOMAN GARRISON'S RESPONSE TO THE 1909 RECIDIVIST UPRISING IN ISTANBUL | ESSAYS ON CENTRAL ASIA by H.B. PAKSOY | CARRIE Books". Vlib.iue.it. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 3 4 5
- ↑ "sainta19.htm". Catholic-forum.com. Archived from the original on October 4, 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Online 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica". jrank.org. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007.
- ↑ "CHAPTER 3". Reformation.org. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 McGough, Hugh. "Irish Kings by Hugh McGough". magoo.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ A biographical dictionary of dark ... - Google Books. Retrieved 2010-10-06 – via Google Books.
- ↑ "RomeHistory". Emp.byui.edu. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Northumbria". Dot-domesday.me.uk. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Free Online Literature and Study Guides". Bibliomania. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Agnes of Bohemia". Newadvent.org. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20060519042503/http://www.czeckitout.com/tjeck_history3.htm. Archived from the original on May 19, 2006. Retrieved March 10, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "Scotsman.com Heritage & Culture". Heritage.scotsman.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ Historic uk - heritage of britain accommodation guide. "The history of Scotland - Black Agnes Randolph". Historic-uk.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Antiquitas Feminae: Lady Agnes Randolph". Corrieweb.nl. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 3 "Free Online Literature and Study Guides". Bibliomania. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "D. Afonso Henriques (English Version)". Vidaslusofonas.pt. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Afonso de Albuquerque@Everything2.com". Everything2.com. 2002-12-10. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Afonzo de Albuquerque". Newadvent.org. 1907-03-01. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "goanet.com". goanet.com.
- ↑ "The Ottoman Web Site - FORSNET". Osmanli700.gen.tr. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Alquería de Morayma. Who was Morayma" (in Spanish). Alqueriamorayma.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Albert the Bear (Nuttall Encyclopædia)". Fromoldbooks.org. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Alice Perrers". Middle-ages.org.uk. 2007-05-16. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Monaco - Monte Carlo - Monegasque - Southeast France". France Monthly. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "The Royal Scribe". Etoile.co.uk. Archived from the original on July 17, 2009. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Vorlesung Schmid: Bayern im Spaetmittelalter - 14. und 15. Jahrhundert, Material 3". Uni-regensburg.de. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑
- ↑ "Albrecht der Fette". Welfen.de. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Union Of Denmark, Sweden, And Norway". History-world.org. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Frontline: Giulia's Neo platonism". Pbs.org. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑
- ↑ Alessandro Farnese Jr., che non divenne papa: Il "gran cardinale" in Canino Info
- ↑ "Alessandro Farnese in Catholic Encyclopaedia". Newadvent.org. 1909-05-01. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church". Fiu.edu. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 "Monarchs of Elba - IBWiki". Ib.frath.net. 2009-07-27. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Alexander I of Russia - LoveToKnow 1911". 1911encyclopedia.org. 2006-10-06. Archived from the original on June 18, 2009. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Alexander I". Russia.rin.ru. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070102172506/http://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~koby/political/chapter_17/17congvienna.html. Archived from the original on January 2, 2007. Retrieved March 10, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "Alexander the Sphinx". Mars.wnec.edu. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 "Serbian Church in History - Church History". Orthodoxresearchinstitute.org. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "The prophetic Russian stone". Alexandrite. 1918-07-17. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "scotlandspast.org". scotlandspast.org. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Marek, Miroslav (2004-01-14). "Rurikids 13". Genealogy.euweb.cz. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ ""Alexander III: The Pesants' Friend" in ''The Story of Russia''". Mainlesson.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ ""Alexander III" in ''Russia the Great''". Russia.rin.ru. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Brewer, E. Cobham. Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. Madman". Bartleby.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 3 4 "Free Online Literature and Study Guides". Bibliomania. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ ClanBoyd INternational. "page16". Homepages.rootsweb.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 James Prescott (2004-03-15). "James Prescott - Unriddling "Came Ye o'er frae France?"". Telusplanet.net. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Scotsman.com Heritage & Culture". Heritage.scotsman.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Scotsman.com Living". Living.scotsman.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20061216051330/http://www.cabarfeidh.com/clanmackenzie.htm. Archived from the original on December 16, 2006. Retrieved March 14, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "Rus - Rulers". Xenophon-mil.org. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Suvorov - Russia's Eagle Over the Alps". Napoleon-series.org. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Alexey Mikhailovich". Russia.rin.ru. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Chapter I". Holytrinitymission.org. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "History Of The Christian Church*". Ccel.org. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 3 4 "Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction and the Drama, Vol. 1". Manybooks.net. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ Lawrence Gardner Boyd (2003-07-16). "Our Ancient Ancestors". Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Alfons de Gandia i d'Arenós". Grec.net. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Alphonso V Reunites Sicily and Naples". Boglewood.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ jeff matthews. "Around Naples Encyclopedia 17". Faculty.ed.umuc.edu. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Chapter Ten: Alfonsine Historiography: The Literary Narrative". Libro.uca.edu. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "WebCite query result". webcitation.org. Archived from the original on October 25, 2009.
- ↑ "Notes for Alfonso de la Cerda/Mahalda de Brienne". Figueredo.freeservers.com. 2002-12-28. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Guzman El Bueno". Digital.library.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070212003231/http://arts.ucsc.edu/gdead/agdl/moon.html. Archived from the original on February 12, 2007. Retrieved March 11, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "Welcome to the official website of the British Monarchy". Royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on June 10, 2012. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070203091900/http://www.hostkingdom.net/taifa.html. Archived from the original on February 3, 2007. Retrieved March 14, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Cawley, Charles (20 January 2011), SAVOY, Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy,
- 1 2 http://www.savoydelegation-usa.org/biographies_gallery.asp?path=1103%5Famadeus%5Fiii%2Ejpg&page=1
- ↑ "Amedeo Vii". Digilander.libero.it. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Savoy (Traditional province, France)". Fotw.net. Archived from the original on June 18, 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ http://www.savoydelegation-usa.org/biographies_gallery.asp?path=1465%5Famadeus%5Fix%2Ejpg&page=1
- ↑ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of March 20, 1500". Fiu.edu. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/France/Dynastie_de_Montfort.htm
- 1 2 "All the leaders of the Greek nation". E-grammes.gr. Archived from the original on February 4, 2009. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Bob Blair". Geocities.com. Archived from the original on 2009-10-26. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ Sobriquets and nicknames - Google Books. Retrieved 2010-10-06 – via Google Books.
- ↑ "Adversaries". Wellington15.tripod.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 "INS Scholarship 1997: André Masséna, Prince D'Essling, in the Age of Revolution". Napoleon-series.org. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Kievan Rus Database (Prince: Andrei Bogolyubskii)". Unc.edu. 2009-12-26. Archived from the original on December 11, 2007. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 Cawley, Charles, Russia Rurikid, Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy,
- ↑ "Biographies". Mek.oszk.hu. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ Adams, Guy (2006-12-09). "Prince Andrew: The playboy prince - Profiles, People - The Independent". London: News.independent.co.uk. Archived from the original on December 22, 2007. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ Patrick Barkham (2004-07-09). "The Guardian profile: Prince Andrew | UK news | The Guardian". London: Politics.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "saints0g.htm". Catholic-forum.com. Archived from the original on August 6, 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Royal Russia - Empress Anna Ioanovna". Angelfire.com. Archived from the original on August 31, 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Anna Comnena". Hyperhistory.net. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Kievan Rus Database (Princess: Anna)". Unc.edu. 2009-12-26. Archived from the original on November 5, 2008. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "The Scottish Expedition in Norway in 1612". Electricscotland.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "WebCite query result". webcitation.org. Archived from the original on October 25, 2009.
- ↑ "h2g2 - Queen Anne". BBC. 2004-01-20. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070209004401/http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biography_story/180:689/1/Princess_Anne_Mountbatten-Windsor.htm. Archived from the original on February 9, 2007. Retrieved March 14, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Revised American Edition Of The Reader's Handbook, by The Rev. E. Cobham Brewer, Ll.D". Gutenberg.org. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ http://conde.ifrance.com/part1.htm#hj
- ↑ "Life and Times of King Henry VII and VIII". Reformation.org. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070205032742/http://www.turningwood.fsnet.co.uk/rossdhuhouse.html. Archived from the original on February 5, 2007. Retrieved March 18, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - 1 2 "lawrieweb.com". lawrieweb.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑
- ↑ "Noailles - LoveToKnow 1911". 1911encyclopedia.org. 2006-10-27. Archived from the original on July 2, 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 "Annora the Anchoress at St Mary's Iffley". Iffley.co.uk. Archived from the original on September 27, 2009. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "The Recluses". Freespace.virgin.net. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ Cawley, Charles, Northern France Nobility, Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy,
- ↑ http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:Ts2oE_wunLEJ:bss.sfsu.edu/mwilliams/hist325/collins_80-99.pdf+nicknames+of+ricimer&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=22&gl=ca
- ↑ Cawley, Charles, Burgundy Dukes, Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, retrieved October 2010 Check date values in:
|access-date=(help), - ↑ Marek, Miroslav (2009-01-23). "Ligne 2". Genealogy.euweb.cz. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20081101223059/http://www.monaco-consulate.com/about_history.htm. Archived from the original on November 1, 2008. Retrieved November 8, 2008. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/France/Premiere_dynastie_de_Bourbon.htm
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cawley, Charles (19 March 2012), Aquitaine Nobility, Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, retrieved October 2010 Check date values in:
|access-date=(help), - ↑ http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/France/Dynastie_de_Toulouse-Rouergue.htm
- 1 2 "Arthur de Richemont, Constable of France". Xenophongroup.com. 2002-08-10. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Scots to the siege of Orléans". Perso.orange.fr. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20060218083311/http://www.blae.net/douglas/arch4thearldouglas.htm. Archived from the original on February 18, 2006. Retrieved March 14, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "The Angus Douglases". Electricscotland.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Patrick Delaforce Family History Research Chapter 49". Art-science.com. 2005-12-26. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ Medieval France: an encyclopedia - Google Books. Retrieved 2010-10-06 – via Google Books.
- ↑ "Mayerling Tragedy". Visualstatistics.net. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Elisabeth Maria Henriette Stephanie Gisela Windisch-Grätz (1883 - 1963) - Find A Grave Memorial". Findagrave.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑
- ↑ "Wellington : Strategy : Tactics : Battles : Campaigns : Political Career : Life". Napoleonistyka.atspace.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 "Duke of Wellington". Number10.gov.uk. 2001-02-16. Archived from the original on August 7, 2008. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20060823003100/http://www.globalhotelindex.net/mis.asp?cityid=1&pageid=271. Archived from the original on August 23, 2006. Retrieved March 15, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - 1 2 "History of Armenia by Vahan Kurkjian • Chapter 24". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 "Armenia". 10 February 2011. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Kat'oghikoi and Secular Rulers of the Armenians". Rbedrosian.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/Italie/Dynasties_Lombardes.htm
- ↑ http://mirror.pacific.net.au/gutenberg/2/0/0/6/20063/20063-h/20063-h.htm
- 1 2 3
- ↑ "Chapter Vii". Uni-mannheim.de. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "The Prince Regents Set". Georgian Index. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 "Duke of Grafton". Number10.gov.uk. 2001-02-16. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20070322201728/http://www.b17.com/family/lwp/chronology/empires.html. Archived from the original on March 22, 2007. Retrieved March 26, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - 1 2 "Radziwill Portraits". Radziwill.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "The Courtly Lives - The Radziwill Dynasty -2". Angelfire.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Simon I de Montfort". Sbaldw.home.mindspring.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ ": : History : :". Savoydelegation-usa.org. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Kievan Rus Database (Princess: Anna Vsevolodna)". Unc.edu. 2009-12-26. Archived from the original on December 11, 2007. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Courtly Lives - The Radziwill Dynasty - 1". Angelfire.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Butschal, Buszac coat of arms Abdank". Butschal.de. Archived from the original on May 9, 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 "Kings of the Isles: British Monarchs". Britannia.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 "Kings of Man and the Isles". Sizes.com. 2001-10-15. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/josika/josika.pdf
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20071026111028/http://www.rodaun.info/regenten/regenten-030.html. Archived from the original on October 26, 2007. Retrieved March 14, 2007. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Cawley, Charles (12 June 2011), Normandy Nobility, Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, retrieved October 2010 Check date values in:
|access-date=(help), - ↑ http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/France/Premiere_dynastie_de_Bretagne.htm
- 1 2 "Fernando Díaz Villanueva - Almanzor, el martillo de Alá - Fin de semana". Findesemana.libertaddigital.com. 1990-01-01. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- 1 2 "Google Translate". Translate.google.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Overview of Archibald Campbell". Geo.ed.ac.uk. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ Cawley, Charles (12 June 2011), NORTHERN ITALY 900-1100, Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, retrieved October 2010 Check date values in:
|access-date=(help), - ↑ "de beste bron van informatie over earl of oxford". Earlofoxford.com. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
- ↑ "Ecclesiology". ORB. Retrieved 2010-10-06.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/13/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.