List of mass executions and massacres in Yugoslavia during World War II

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The following is a list of massacres and mass executions that occurred in Yugoslavia during World War II. Areas once part of Yugoslavia that are now parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Macedonia, and Montenegro; see the lists of massacres in those countries for more details.

The Ustaše's largest genocidal massacres were carried out in Bosanska Krajina and in places in Croatia where Serbs constituted a large proportion of the population including Banija, Kordun, Lika, and northern Dalmatia. Chetnik massacres of the Bosniak population took place in eastern Bosnia which had been "relatively untouched" by the Ustaše until the spring of 1942. Anglo-Croatian historian Dr Marko Attila Hoare posits that the latter-referenced massacres were not acts of revenge, but "an expression of the genocidal policy and ideology of the Chetnik movement."[1]

According to historians Jan Kaplan and Krystyna Nosarzewska, the Chetniks wanted to forge an ethnically-pure Greater Serbia in order to ensure the survival of Serbs in Axis/Ustaše-controlled areas by violently "cleansing" these areas of Croats and Muslims.[2] The Partisans also perpetrated massacres, notably at Kulen Vakuf in September 1941, as did the Albanian Waffen-SS units, which murdered more than 400 Orthodox Christian civilians at Andrijevica.[3]

Map of areas where massacres were committed by Chetniks (red), by the Ustaše (blue), by both Chetniks and the Ustaše (purple), by the Wehrmacht (black), by Hungarian forces (green), and by the Partisans (orange). Larger marker sizes indicate larger massacres.
Name Date Location Deaths Perpetrator Description
Pančevo executions 21–22 April 1941 Pančevo 36 Wehrmacht Wehrmacht and Volksdeutsche executed 36 Serbs.[4]
Gudovac massacre 28 April 1941 Gudovac, near Bjelovar 184–196 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Gudovac.[5][6][7]
Kosinj massacre 30 April 1941 Kosinj, Lika c. 600 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Kosinj.[8]
Blagaj massacre April–May 1941 Blagaj c. 250 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Blagaj.[5]
Veljun massacre 9 May 1941 Veljun, Kordun c. 400 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Veljun.[9]
Glina massacre 11–12 May 1941 Glina 260–300 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Glina.[10][5]
Nevesinje massacre late May–June 1941 Nevesinje 173 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Nevesinje.[5]
Ljubinje massacre early June 1941 Ljubinje, Herzegovina 140 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Ljubinje.[5]
Bileća massacre June 1941 Bileća, Herzegovina c. 600 Serb villagers Muslim massacre by Bosnian Serbs at Bileća.[11]
Korita massacre 3 June 1941 Korita 133–180 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Korita; corpses thrown into the Koritska Jama pit.[6][12][5]
Knin massacre 15 June 1941 Knin c. 60 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Knin.[5]
Metković massacre 25 June 1941 Metković 280 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše after decree on the defense of the people and state is issued by the Independent State of Croatia on 17 April 1941.[13]
Čelebić massacre (1941) July 1941 Čelebić 104 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Čelebić.
Rašića Gaj massacres 22 June–20 July 1941 Rašića Gaj, Vlasenica 70–200 Ustaše Muslim militia Serb massacre at Rašića Gaj
Grabovac massacre 24–25 July 1941 Grabovac, near Petrinja c. 1,200 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Grabovac.[14]
Ličko Petrovo Selo massacre 27 July 1941 Ličko Petrovo Selo 313 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Ličko Petrovo Selo.[14]
Višegrad massacre (1941) July–August 1941 Višegrad c. 500 Serb villagers Muslim massacre by Bosnian Serb villagers at Višegrad and environs.[11]
Prebilovci massacre 4–6 August 1941 Prebilovci c. 650 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Prebilovci.[15]
Glina massacre (July 1941) 5 August 1941 Glina c. 1,200–2,000 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Glina.[16][14]
Bosanska Dubica massacre 20–21 August 1941 Bosanska Dubica c. 300 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Bosanska Dubica.[17]
Čitluk and Strigova massacres 22 August 1941 Čitluk and Strigova 26 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Čitluk and Strigova.[18]
Novoselci massacre Early August 1941 Novoselci 31 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Novoselci.[17]
Zaklopača massacre August 1941 Srebrenica 81 Chetniks Muslim massacre by Chetniks under the command of Jezdimir Dangić; a group of Muslims barricaded in a local mekteb (Muslim religious school) at Zaklopača which was then set alight.[19]
Otočac massacre 1941 Otočac 331 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Otočac.[20]
Kulen Vakuf massacre 5–8 September 1941 Kulen Vakuf 1,600+ Partisan Drvar Brigade Muslim massacre by Partisans and local peasants at Kulen Vakuf.[3]
Jošan massacre 1941 Jošan 338 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Jošan.[21]
Javor massacre 1941 Javor 100+ Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Javor, near Srebrenica and Ozren.[22]
Kraljevo massacre mid-October 1941 Kraljevo 1,755 Wehrmacht The Wehrmacht murdered almost 1,800 civilians in reprisal shootings[23]
Kragujevac massacre 20–21 October 1941 Kragujevac 2,778 Wehrmacht More than 2,000 civilians murdered by Wehrmacht in reprisal shootings

[23]

Goražde massacre 29 November 1941 Goražde 300+ Chetniks Muslim massacre by Chetnik forces; corpses left hanging in the town or thrown into the Drina river.[24]
Visuć massacre 1941 Visuć 85 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše.[25]
Foča massacre (1941) 5 December 1941 Foča c. 500 Chetniks Muslim massacre by Chetniks who received the town of Foča from the Royal Italian Army.[26]
Žepa massacre late 1941 Žepa c. 300 Chetniks Muslim massacre by Chetnik forces at Žepa.[27]
Čelebić massacre (1942) January 1942 Čelebić 54 Chetniks Muslim massacre by Chetnik forces at Čelebić; village later torched.[27]
Žabalj massacre Christmas at January 1942 Žabalj 700 Hungarian forces Serb massacre by Hungarian forces at Žabalj
Gospođinci massacre Christmas at January 1942 Gospođinci 100 Hungarian forces Serb massacre by Hungarian forces at Gospođinci
Čurug massacre 4-9 January 1942 Čurug 900 Hungarian forces Serb massacre by Hungarian forces at Čurug.
Đurđevo massacre January 1942 Đurđevo 300 Hungarian forces Serb massacre by Hungarian forces at Đurđevo
Titel massacre January 1942 Titel 60-80 Hungarian forces Serb massacre by Hungarian forces at Titel
Temerin massacre January 1942 Temerin 48 Hungarian forces Jewish massacre by Hungarian forces at Temerin
Novi Sad raid January 22/23 1942 Novi Sad 1264 Hungarian forces Jews and Serbs massacred and driven onto the frozen Danube River by Hungarian forces at Novi Sad.
Bečej raid 27 January 1942 Bečej 250 Hungarian forces Jews and Serbs massacred and driven onto the frozen Tisa River by Hungarian forces at Bečej
Srebrenica massacre January 1942 Srebrenica and environs c. 1,000 Chetniks Muslim massacre by Chetnik forces in Srebrenica and nearby villages.[28]
Višegrad massacre (1942) January, 1942 Višegrad 1,000+ Chetniks Muslim massacre by Chetniks at Višegrad.[27]
Battle of Dražgoše 11–12 January 1942 Dražgoše 41 Wehrmacht The Wehrmacht executed 41 civilian hostages in the village.[29]
Draksenić massacre 13–15 January 1942 Draksenić c. 360 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše and Home Guard at Draksenić.[30]
Pljeva executions February 1942 Pljeva, Central Bosnia 41 Partisans 41 captured Croatian Home Guards executed by Partisans.[31]
Piskavica and Ivanjska massacre 5, 12 February 1942 Piskavica and Ivanjska 520 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Piskavica and Ivanjska.[32]
Drakulić massacre 7 February 1942 Drakulić, Šargovac, Motike 2,315 Ustaše Serb massacre by Ustaše at Drakulić, Šargovac, and Motike.[33]
Drakan massacre 3 March 1942 Drakan 42 Chetniks Muslim masscre by Chetniks at Drakan.[28]
Foča massacre (1942) August 1942 Foča c. 2,000 Chetniks Muslim massacre by Chetniks in the Foča area.[34]
Gata massacre 1 October 1942 Gata 79 Chetniks 79 civilians killed by Chetniks for pro-Yugoslav Partisan sympathies and in retaliation for the destruction of the Split-Omiš road.[35]
Operation Alfa 14–15 October 1942 Prozor 543 Chetniks Croat and Bosnian Muslim massacre by Chetniks on suspicion of harboring and/or aiding the Partisans.[36]
Andrijevica massacre July 1944 Andrijevica 400+ SS Skanderbeg Albanian Waffen-SS units murdered more than 400 Orthodox Christian civilians.[37]
Hrvatska Dubica massacre 18–19 September 1944 Hrvatska Dubica c. 55 Ustaše Massacre of mostly Serb victims by Ustaše at Hrvatska Dubica.
Daksa executions October 1944 Daksa c. 53 Partisans Partisans executed around 53 Croat prisoners suspected of being collaborationists [38]
Kozara massacres 17–22 February 1945 Hrvatska Dubica 140+ Ustaše Massacre of mostly Serb victims by Ustaše at Hrvatska Dubica.
Jakljan executions May, 1945 Jakljan 214 Partisans German prisoners executed by Partisan forces at Jakljan. [39]
Kočevski Rog massacre Late May, 1945 Kočevski Rog Several thousand victims (between 10,000 and 12,000, according to certain sources)[40] Partisans Members of the Slovene Home Guard and their families executed by the Partisans.
Barbara Pit May–September 1945 Huda Jama 726[41] Partisans
Bar massacre March, 1945 Bar Montenegro 450-2000[42] Yugoslav Partisans Albanians massacred by Yugoslav Partisans

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Hoare 2006, p. 143.
  2. ↑ Kaplan, Jan, and Krystyna Nosarzewska, Prague: The Turbulent Century, Koenemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Koeln, (1997), pg. 241; ISBN 3-89508-528-6
  3. 1 2 Hoare 2006, pp. 106–108.
  4. ↑ Spasović, Ivana (2012). Страдања у Панчеву и Јабуци за време Другог светског рата [Suffering in Pančevo and Jabuka During the Second World War]. Pančevo: Istorijski arhiv. ISBN 978-86-83347-96-4.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hoare 2006, p. 22.
  6. 1 2 Tomasevich 2001, p. 398.
  7. ↑ Ramet 2006, p. 119.
  8. ↑ Paris 1961, p. 60.
  9. ↑ Goldstein 2007, p. 22.
  10. ↑ Tomasevich 2001, p. 536.
  11. 1 2 Malcolm 1994, p. 176.
  12. ↑ Paris 1961, p. 82.
  13. ↑ Ramet 2006, p. 120.
  14. 1 2 3 Hoare 2006, p. 23.
  15. ↑ Vojinovic, Novica (1991). Srpske Jame u Prebilovcima. Genocid hrvatskih kleroustaša nad Srbima u Hercegovini (in Serbo-Croatian). Titograd.
  16. ↑ Judah 2000, p. 127.
  17. 1 2 Момчило Ракић,"У усташком затвору у Босанској Дубици", Козара, I, Београд, 1971, стр. I/151-157.
  18. ↑ Самарџија, Душан Д. (1984). Босанскодубичко подручје у НОР-у и социјалистичкој револуцији 1941-1945. Босанска Дубица. pp. 102–103.
  19. ↑ Toljaga 18 November 2010.
  20. ↑ Paris 1961, p. 59.
  21. ↑ Ђуро Затезало, Радио сам свој сељачки и ковачки посао: Свједочанства о геноциду, Загреб, 2005. стр. 356.
  22. ↑ Paris 1961, p. 104.
  23. 1 2 Tomasevich 1975, p. 146.
  24. ↑ Hoare 2006, p. 145.
  25. ↑ Гојко Везмар, "Уз попис палих бораца, жртава фашистичког терора и умрлих од тифуса на подручју опћине Титова Кореница", Котар Кореница и котар Удбина у НОР-у и социјалистичкој изградњи, Карловац, 1979, стр. 965-90.
  26. ↑ Hoare 2006, pp. 145–146.
  27. 1 2 3 Hoare 2006, p. 146.
  28. 1 2 Hoare 2006, p. 147.
  29. ↑ Corsellis & Ferrar 2006, p. 33.
  30. ↑ Душан Тороман: Покољ у цркви у Драксенићу, књ. 1, 1981, стр. 878-884
  31. ↑ Hoare 2013, p. 96–97.
  32. ↑ Lukajić 2005.
  33. ↑ Lukajić 2005, p. 420.
  34. ↑ Malcolm 1994, p. 188.
  35. ↑ Gata: vijenci za žrtve četničkog pokolja, slobodnadalmacija.hr; accessed 15 September 2016.(Croatian)
  36. ↑ Tomasevich 2001, pp. 258–259.
  37. ↑ Morrison 2009, p. 65.
  38. ↑ Dubrovački vjesnik 19 June 2010.
  39. ↑ Slobodna Dalmacija 1 March 2013.
  40. ↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica: "Slovenia (World War Two)"
  41. ↑ "Stratišta: "U iskapanju Hude jame Hrvati nam moraju pomoći, tamo su oni ubijali svoje"". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). Retrieved 24 March 2015.
  42. ↑ "Massive Grave of Albanian Victims of Tivari Massacre uncovered". Albanian Telegraphic Agency. 19 September 1996. Retrieved 31 August 2012.

References

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