List of federal political scandals in the United States

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

This article provides a list of federal political scandals of the United States, sorted from most recent date to least recent.

Scope and organization of political scandals

The article is organized by presidential terms and then divided into scandals of the federal Executive, Legislative and Judicial Branches. Members of both parties are listed under the term of the president in office at the time the scandal took place. Persons were either elected or appointed.

Scandal is defined as "loss of or damage to reputation caused by actual or apparent violation of morality or propriety." In politics scandals are kept separate from 'controversies,' (which implies two differing points of view) and 'unpopularity.' Many decisions are controversial, many decisions are unpopular—that alone does not make them scandals.

The criterion for inclusion is whether an activity was, or appeared to be, illegal. Breaking the law is a scandal. Misunderstandings, breaches of ethics, unproven crimes or cover-ups may or may not result in inclusion depending on the standing of the accuser, the amount of publicity generated, and the seriousness of the crime, if any. The finding of a court with jurisdiction is the sole method used to determine a violation of law.

Scandals are classified as major or minor, as defined by the public itself and the media's desire to feed that particular frenzy. Thus, small but salacious scandals, such as Larry Craig's (Republican from Idaho) arrest for lewd behavior can eclipse more serious scandals such as suspending the Writ of Habeas Corpus in time of war.

Not included in this article are pervasive systemic scandals, such as the role of money in normal politics, which may purchase access and influence. Neither are 'revolving door' stories, which is the practice of hiring government officials to promote or lobby for companies they were recently paid to regulate. Though some rules now apply, to a great extent this is legal.

Politicians are those who make their living primarily in politics, their staffs and appointees. By definition, political scandals involve politicians. Private citizens should be included only when they are closely linked to elected or appointed politicians such as party officials. Kenneth Lay of Enron is a good example of such a citizen. This list also does not include crimes that occur outside the politician's tenure unless they specifically stem from acts while they were in office.

Senators and Congressmen who are rebuked, admonished, condemned, suspended, found in contempt, found to have acted improperly, used poor judgement or were reprimanded by Congress are not included unless the scandal is exceptional or leads to expulsion. However, Presidents who were impeached, but not convicted, are included.

Federal government scandals

2009–2017 Barack Obama Administration

Executive Branch

  1. Lois Lerner, head of the IRS Office of Exempt Organizations, stated she had not done anything wrong and then took the Fifth before the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.[12] She retired in 2013 after an internal investigation found that she neglected her duties and was going to call for her ouster.[13]
  2. Joseph H. Grant, commissioner of the IRS Tax-exempt and Government entities division, resigned on May 16, 2013.[14]

Legislative

  1. Paul Seewald worked for McCotter as his District Director of the Michigan's 11th congressional district. He pleaded guilty to nine counts of falsely signing a nominating petition as circulator. He was sentenced to two years' probation and 100 hours of community service, and ordered to pay court costs and fees.[29]
  2. Don Yowchuang worked for McCotter as Deputy District Director of the Michigan 11th Congressional District. He pleaded guilty to ten counts of forgery and six counts of falsely signing a nominating petition and was sentenced to three years of probation, 200 hours of community service, court costs and fees.[30]
  3. Mary M. Turnbull was McCotter's Representative to the Michigan 11th Congressional District. She was convicted of conspiring to commit a legal act in an illegal manner and falsely signing a nominating petition. She was sentenced to two years of probation, a day in jail, and 200 hours of community service. She was also ordered to pay a $1,440 fine. In addition, she is forbidden from any participation in elections or the political process.[31]
  4. Lorianne O'Brady worked as a scheduler for McCotter in the Michigan 11th Congressional District. She pleaded no contest to charges that she falsely claimed to have legally collected signatures to get McCotter on the ballot when she actually had not. She was sentenced to 20 days in jail and a work program plus $2,625 in fines and court costs.[32]

Judicial Branch

2001–2009 George W. Bush Administration

Executive Branch

  1. Maj. Gen. George Weightman, was fired for failures linked to the scandal.(2007) [69]
  2. Maj. Gen. Kevin C. Kiley resigned for failures linked to the scandal.[70]
  1. Alberto Gonzales Attorney General of the United States[89]
  2. Karl Rove Advisor to President Bush[90]
  1. Harriet Miers Legal Counsel to President Bush, was found in Contempt of Congress[91]
  1. Michael A. Battle Director of Executive Office of US Attorneys in the Justice Department.[92]
  1. Bradley Schlozman Director of Executive Office of US Attorneys who replaced Battle[93]
  1. Michael Elston Chief of Staff to Deputy Attorney General Paul McNulty[94]
  2. Paul McNulty Deputy Attorney General to William Mercer[95]
  3. William W. Mercer Associate Attorney General to Alberto Gonzales[96]
  4. Kyle Sampson Chief of Staff to Attorney General Alberto Gonzales[92]
  5. Monica Goodling Liaison between President Bush and the Justice Department[97]
  6. Joshua Bolten Deputy Chief of Staff to President Bush was found in Contempt of Congress[91]
  7. Sara M. Taylor Aide to Presidential Advisor Karl Rove[98]
  1. Tom DeLay (R-TX) The House Majority Leader was reprimanded twice by the House Ethics Committee and his aides indicted (2004–2005); eventually DeLay himself was investigated in October 2005 in connection with the Abramoff scandal, but not indicted. DeLay resigned from the House 9 June 2006.[113] DeLay was found to have illegally channeled funds from Americans for a Republican Majority to Republican state legislator campaigns. He was convicted of two counts of money laundering and conspiracy in 2010.[114]
  2. David Safavian GSA (General Services Administration) Chief of Staff,[115] found guilty of blocking justice and lying,[116] and sentenced to 18 months[117]
  3. Roger Stillwell Staff in the Department of the Interior under President George W. Bush (R). Pleaded guilty and received two years suspended sentence.[118]
  4. Susan B. Ralston Special Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor to Karl Rove, resigned October 6, 2006, after it became known that she accepted gifts and passed information to her former boss Jack Abramoff.[119]
  5. J. Steven Griles former Deputy to the Secretary of the Interior pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice and was sentenced to 10 months.[120]
  6. Italia Federici staff to the Secretary of the Interior, and President of the Council of Republicans for Environmental Advocacy, pled guilty to tax evasion and obstruction of justice. She was sentenced to four years probation.[121][122][123]
  7. Jared Carpenter Vice-President of the Council of Republicans for Environmental Advocacy, was discovered during the Abramoff investigation and pled guilty to income tax evasion. He got 45 days, plus 4 years probation.[124]
  8. Mark Zachares staff in the Department of Labor, bribed by Abramoff, guilty of conspiracy to defraud.[112]
  9. Robert E. Coughlin Deputy Chief of Staff, Criminal Division of the Justice Department pleaded guilty to conflict of interest after accepting bribes from Jack Abramoff. (2008)[125]
  1. suspend sections of the ABM Treaty without informing Congress[155]
  2. bypass the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act allowing warrantless wiretapping of US Citizens within the United States by the National Security Agency.[155]
  3. state that the First Amendment and Fourth Amendments and the Takings Clause do not apply to the president in time of war as defined in the USA PATRIOT Act[155]
  4. allow Enhanced Interrogation Techniques (torture) because provisions of the War Crimes Act, the Third Geneva Convention, and the Torture convention do not apply.[155]
Many of his memos have since been repudiated and reversed.[155][156] Later review by the Justice Department reported that Yoo and Jay Bybee used "poor judgement" in the memos, but no charges were filed.[157]

Legislative Branch

  1. Tom DeLay (R-TX) The House Majority Leader was reprimanded twice by the House Ethics Committee and his aides indicted (2004–2005); eventually DeLay himself was investigated in October 2005 in connection with the Abramoff scandal, but not indicted. DeLay resigned from the House 9 June 2006.[113] DeLay was found to have illegally channeled funds from Americans for a Republican Majority to Republican state legislator campaigns. He was convicted of two counts of money laundering and conspiracy in 2010.[114]
  2. Michael Scanlon (R) former staff to Tom DeLay: working for Abramoff, pled guilty to bribery.[111][112]
  3. Tony Rudy (R) former staff to Tom DeLay, pleaded guilty to conspiracy.[112]
  4. James W. Ellis executive director of Tom DeLay's political action committee, Americans for a Republican Majority (ARMPAC), was indicted by Texas for money laundering.[171]
  5. John Colyandro executive director of Tom DeLay's political action committee, Texans for a Republican Majority (TRMPAC), was indicted by Texas for money laundering[171]
  6. Bob Ney (R-OH) pleaded guilty to conspiracy and making false statements as a result of his receiving trips from Abramoff in exchange for legislative favors. Ney received 30 months in prison.[112][172]
  7. William Heaton (R) Chief of Staff for Bob Ney pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to commit fraud[173] admitting to conspiring with Ney, Jack Abramoff and others to accept vacations, meals, tickets, and contributions to Ney's campaign in exchange for Ney benefitting Abramoff's clients.(2006)[174]
  8. Neil Volz former staff to Robert Ney, pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy in 2006 charges stemming from his work for Bob Ney. In 2007 he was sentenced to two years probation, 100 hours community service, and a fine of $2,000.[175]
  9. William Heaton, former chief of staff for Bob Ney (R), pleaded guilty to a federal conspiracy charge involving a golf trip to Scotland, expensive meals, and tickets to sporting events between 2002 and 2004 as payoffs for helping Abramoff's clients.[176]
  10. John Albaugh, former chief of staff to Ernest Istook (R-OK), pled guilty to accepting bribes connected to the Federal Highway Bill. Istook was not charged. (2008)[177]
  11. James Hirni, former staff to Tim Hutchinson (R-AR), was charged with wire fraud for giving a staffer for Don Young (R) of Alaska a bribe in exchange for amendments to the Federal Highway Bill. (2008)[178]
  12. Kevin A. Ring (R) former staff to John Doolittle (R-CA) was convicted of five charges of corruption.[179][180]

1993–2001 Bill Clinton Administration

Executive Branch

Legislative Branch

  1. Buzz Lukens (R-OH) convicted of bribery and conspiracy.[203]
  2. Carl C. Perkins (D-KY) pleaded guilty to a check kiting scheme involving several financial institutions (including the House Bank).[203]
  3. Carroll Hubbard (D-KY)convicted of illegally funneling money to his wife's 1992 campaign to succeed him in congress.[204]
  4. Mary Rose Oakar (D-OH) was charged with seven felonies, but pleaded guilty only to a misdemeanor campaign finance charge not related to the House Bank.[203]
  5. Walter Fauntroy (D-DC) convicted of filing false disclosure forms in order to hide unauthorized income.[203]
  6. Jack Russ House Sergeant-at-Arms, convicted of three counts.[203]
  1. Dan Rostenkowski (D-IL) Rostenkowski was convicted and sentenced to 18 months in prison, in 1995.[206]
  2. Joe Kolter (D-PA) Convicted of one count of conspiracy[207] and sentenced to 6 months in prison.[208]
  3. Robert V. Rota Postmaster, convicted of one count of conspiracy and two counts of embezzlement.[205]

[210]

1989–1993 George H. W. Bush Administration

Executive Branch

  1. Caspar Weinberger Secretary of Defense under Ronald Reagan[214]
  2. Robert C. McFarlane National Security Advisor to Ronald Reagan[214]
  3. Elliott Abrams Assistant Secretary of State to Ronald Reagan[214]
  4. Clair George CIA Chief of Covert Ops[214]
  5. Alan D. Fiers Chief of the CIA's Central American Task Force[214]
  6. Duane Clarridge CIA Operations Officer[214]

Legislative Branch

Judicial Branch

1981–1989 Ronald Reagan Administration

Executive Branch

  1. Melvyn Paisley, appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy in 1981 by Republican President Ronald Reagan,[222] was found to have accepted hundreds of thousands of dollars in bribes. He pleaded guilty to bribery, resigned his office and served four years in prison.[223]
  2. James E. Gaines, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy, took over when Paisley resigned his office.[224] He was convicted of accepting an illegal gratuity, and theft and conversion of government property. He was sentenced to six months in prison.[225]
  3. Victor D. Cohen, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, was the 50th conviction obtained under the Ill Wind probe when he pleaded guilty to accepting bribes and conspiring to defraud the government.[226]
  1. Samuel Pierce Secretary of Housing and Urban Development because he made "full and public written acceptance of responsibility" was not charged.[227]
  2. James G. Watt Secretary of Interior, 1981–1983, charged with 25 counts of perjury and obstruction of justice, sentenced to five years probation, fined $5,000 and 500 hours of community service[228]
  3. Deborah Gore Dean (R) Executive Assistant to (Samuel Pierce, Secretary of HUD 1981–1987, and not charged). Dean was convicted of 12 counts of perjury, conspiracy, bribery. Sentenced to 21 months in prison. (1987)[229]
  4. Phillip D. Winn Assistant Secretary of HUD, 1981–1982, pleaded guilty to bribery in 1994.[229]
  5. Thomas Demery, Assistant Secretary of HUD, pleaded guilty to bribery and obstruction.[229]
  6. Joseph A. Strauss, Special Assistant to the Secretary of HUD, convicted of accepting payments to favor Puerto Rican land developers in receiving HUD funding.[230]
  7. Silvio D. DeBartolomeis convicted of perjury and bribery.[231]
  1. Edwin Meese Attorney General, resigned but never convicted.[232]
  2. Lyn Nofziger White House Press Secretary, whose conviction of lobbying was overturned.[233]
  3. Mario Biaggi (D-NY) sentenced to 2½ years.[234]
  4. Robert García (D-NY) sentenced to 2½ years.[235]
  1. Caspar Weinberger Secretary of Defense, was indicted on two counts of perjury and one count of obstruction of justice on June 16, 1992.[240] Weinberger received a pardon from George H. W. Bush on December 24, 1992, before he was tried.[241]
  2. William Casey Head of the CIA. Thought to have conceived the plan, was stricken ill hours before he would testify. Reporter Bob Woodward records that Casey knew of and approved the plan.[242]
  3. Robert C. McFarlane National Security Adviser, convicted of withholding evidence, but after a plea bargain was given only 2 years probation. Later pardoned by President George H. W. Bush[243]
  4. Elliott Abrams Asst Sec of State, convicted of withholding evidence, but after a plea bargain was given only 2 years probation. Later pardoned by President George H. W. Bush[244] https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/walsh/summpros.htm.
  5. Alan D. Fiers Chief of the CIA's Central American Task Force, convicted of withholding evidence and sentenced to one year probation. Later pardoned by President George H. W. Bush[239]
  6. Clair George Chief of Covert Ops-CIA, convicted on 2 charges of perjury, but pardoned by President George H. W. Bush before sentencing.[245]
  7. Oliver North convicted of accepting an illegal gratuity, obstruction of a congressional inquiry, and destruction of documents, but the ruling was overturned since he had been granted immunity.[246]
  8. Fawn Hall, Oliver North's secretary was given immunity from prosecution on charges of conspiracy and destroying documents in exchange for her testimony.[247]
  9. John Poindexter National Security Advisor (R) convicted of 5 counts of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, perjury, defrauding the government, and the alteration and destruction of evidence. The Supreme Court overturned this ruling.[248]
  10. Duane Clarridge An ex-CIA senior official, he was indicted in November 1991 on 7 counts of perjury and false statements relating to a November 1985 shipment to Iran. Pardoned before trial by President George H. W. Bush.[249][250]
  11. Richard V. Secord Ex-major general in the Air Force who organized the Iran arms sales and Contra aid. He pleaded guilty in November 1989 to making false statements to Congress. Sentenced to two years of probation.[251][252]
  12. Albert Hakim A businessman, pleaded guilty in November 1989 to supplementing the salary of Oliver North by buying him a $13,800 fence. Hakim was given two years of probation and a $5,000 fine, while his company, Lake Resources Inc. was ordered to dissolve.[251][253]
  13. Thomas G. Clines Once an intelligence official who became an arms dealer, he was convicted in September 1990 on four income tax counts, including underreporting of income to the IRS and lying about not having foreign accounts. Sentenced to 16 months of prison and fined $40,000.[251][254]
  14. Carl R. Channell A fund-raiser for conservative causes, he pleaded guilty in April 1987 to defrauding the IRS via a tax-exempt organization to fund the Contras.[255] Sentenced to two years probation.[251]
  15. Richard R. Miller Associate to Carl R. Channell, he pleaded guilty in May 1987 to defrauding the IRS via a tax-exempt organization led by Channell. More precisely, he pleaded guilty to lying to the IRS about the deductibility of donations to the organization. Some of the donations were used to fund the Contras.[256] Sentenced to two years of probation and 120 of community service.[251]
  16. Joseph F. Fernandez CIA Station Chief of Costa Rica. Indicted on five counts in 1988.[257] The case was dismissed when Attorney General Dick Thornburgh refused to declassify information needed for his defense in 1990.[258]
  1. D. Lowell Jensen, Deputy Attorney General was held in Contempt of Congress.[261]
  2. C. Madison Brewer A high ranking Justice Department official was held in Contempt of Congress.[261]
  1. Anne Gorsuch Burford Head of the EPA. Cut the EPA staff by 22% and refused to turn over documents to Congress citing "Executive Privilege",[263] whereupon she was found in Contempt and resigned with twenty of her top employees.(1980)[264]
  2. Rita Lavelle An EPA Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency misused "superfund" monies and was convicted of perjury. She served six months in prison, was fined $10,000 and given five years probation.[265]

Legislative Branch

  1. Alan Cranston Senator (D-CA) reprimanded[289]
  2. Dennis DeConcini Senator (D-AZ) acted improperly[290]
  3. Don Riegle Senator (D-MI) acted improperly[290]
  4. John Glenn Senator (D-OH) used poor judgment[290]
  5. John McCain Senator (R-AZ) used poor judgment[290]
  1. Harrison A. Williams Senator (D-NJ) Convicted on 9 counts of bribery and conspiracy. Sentenced to 3 years in prison.[292]
  2. John Jenrette Representative (D-SC) sentenced to two years in prison for bribery and conspiracy.[293]
  3. Richard Kelly (R-FL) Accepted $25K and then claimed he was conducting his own investigation into corruption. Served 13 months.[294]
  4. Raymond Lederer (D-PA) "I can give you me" he said after accepting $50K. Sentenced to 3 years.[295]
  5. Michael Myers (D-PA) Accepted $50K saying, "...money talks and bullshit walks." Sentenced to 3 years and was expelled from the House.[296]
  6. Frank Thompson (D-NJ) Sentenced to 3 years.[297]
  7. John M. Murphy (D-NY) Served 20 months of a 3-year sentence.[298]
  8. Also arrested were NJ State Senator Angelo Errichetti (D)[299] and members of the Philadelphia City Council. See Local scandals.

Judicial Branch

1977–1981 James E. Carter Administration

Executive Branch

Legislative branch

  1. Richard T. Hanna (D-CA) pleaded guilty[323] and sentenced to 6–30 months in federal prison.[324] Wound up serving a year in prison.[325]
  2. Otto E. Passman (D-LA) was accused of bribery and other charges,[326] but found innocent.[327]
  3. John J. McFall, Edward Roybal, and Charles H. Wilson, all (D-CA). Roybal was censured and Wilson was reprimanded,[328] while McFall was reprimanded,[329]

1974–1977 Gerald Ford Administration

Executive Branch

Legislative Branch

Judicial Branch

1969–1974 Richard M. Nixon Administration

Executive Branch

  1. John N. Mitchell, Attorney General of the United States, convicted of perjury. Served 19 months of a one- to four-year sentence.[346]
  2. Richard Kleindienst, Attorney General, convicted of "refusing to answer questions" given one month in jail.[347]
  3. Jeb Stuart Magruder, Head of Committee to Re-elect the President, pleaded guilty to 1 count of conspiracy, August 1973[348]
  4. Frederick C. LaRue, Advisor to John Mitchell, convicted of obstruction of justice.[348]
  5. H. R. Haldeman, Chief of Staff for Nixon, convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury.[349]
  6. John Ehrlichman, Counsel to Nixon, convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury.[350]
  7. Egil Krogh, aide to John Ehrlichman, sentenced to six months.[348]
  8. John W. Dean III, counsel to Nixon, convicted of obstruction of justice.[348]
  9. Dwight L. Chapin, deputy assistant to Nixon, convicted of perjury.[348]
  10. Herbert W. Kalmbach, personal attorney to Nixon, convicted of illegal campaigning.[348]
  11. Charles W. Colson, special counsel to Nixon, convicted of obstruction of justice.[347]
  12. Herbert L. Porter, aide to the Committee to Re-elect the President. Convicted of perjury.[348]
  13. G. Gordon Liddy, Special Investigations Group, convicted of burglary.[348]
  1. Presidential Counsel and Strategist Harry Shuler Dent pleaded guilty to violations of Federal election law for his part in the illegal fundraising operation.[354]
  2. Herbert W. Kalmbach, Nixon's Personal Attorney, raised $3.9 million for a secret Republican slush fund.[355] He also promised an ambassador a better post in exchange for $100,000, which led to conviction and imprisonment.[356] Kalmbach pleaded guilty to violation of the Federal Corrupt Practices Act and one count of promising federal employment.[357]
  3. Jack A. Gleason White House Aide, pleaded guilty to violations of Federal election law concerning an illegal fund raising operation run by the White House.[358]

Legislative Branch

Judicial Branch

1963–1969 Lyndon B. Johnson Administration

Executive Branch

Legislative Branch

Judicial Branch

1961–1963 John F. Kennedy Administration

Legislative Branch

1953–1961 Dwight D. Eisenhower Administration

Executive Branch

Legislative Branch

1945–1953 Harry S. Truman Administration

Executive Branch

Legislative Branch

1933–1945 Franklin Delano Roosevelt Administration

Legislative Branch

Judicial Branch

1929–1933 Herbert Hoover Administration

Legislative Branch

1923–1929 Calvin Coolidge Administration

1921–1923 Warren G. Harding Administration

Executive Branch

  1. Albert Fall. Secretary of the Interior who was bribed by Harry F. Sinclair for control of the Teapot Dome federal oil reserves in Wyoming. He was the first U.S. cabinet member to ever be convicted; he served two years in prison. (1922)[416]
  2. Edwin C. Denby, Secretary of the Navy: resigned for his part in the Teapot Dome oil reserve scandal.[417]
  3. Harry M. Daugherty, Attorney General: resigned on March 28, 1924, because of an investigation about a bootlegging kickback scheme by his chief aide Jess Smith. Found not guilty. (1924)[418]
  4. Jess Smith aide to Attorney General Daugherty who destroyed incriminating papers and then committed suicide.[418]
  5. Charles R. Forbes appointed by Harding as the first director of the new Bureau of Veterans Affairs. After constructing and modernizing VA hospitals, he was convicted of bribery and corruption and sentenced to two years in jail.[419]
  6. Charles Cramer Forbes' general counsel, committed suicide. (1923)[420]
  7. Thomas W. Miller, Head of the Office of Alien Property: convicted of fraud by selling valuable German patents seized after World War I for far below market price as well as bribery. Served 18 months.[421]

Legislative Branch

1913–1921 Woodrow Wilson Administration

Executive Branch

1909–1913 William Howard Taft Administration

Legislative Branch

Judicial branch

1901–1909 Theodore Roosevelt Administration

Legislative Branch

1897 - 1901 William McKinley Administration

Executive Branch

1885 - 1889 Grover Cleveland Administration

Legislative Branch

1881-1885 Chester A. Arthur Administration

Executive Branch

1881-1881 James A. Garfield Administration

Legislative Branch

1877-1881 Rutherford B. Hayes Administration

Executive Branch

1869–1877 Ulysses S. Grant Administration

Executive branch

  1. Orville E. Babcock (R) personal secretary to Ulysses S. Grant who was indicted in the Whiskey Ring scandal and 10 days later in the Safe Burglary Conspiracy. He was acquitted both times.[442]
  2. John J. McDonald (R) Supervisor of the Internal Revenue Service. Convicted and sentenced to three years.[442]
  3. W.O. Avery Chief Clerk of the Treasury Department. Convicted.[442]

Legislative branch

  1. Oakes Ames (R-MA) bribed Congress with Union Pacific stock.[448]
  2. James Brooks (D-NY) also implicated; both were censured for their involvement. (1872)[449]

Judicial branch

1865–1869 Andrew Johnson administration

Executive branch

1861–1865 Abraham Lincoln administrations

Executive branch

Legislative Branch

1857–1861 James Buchanan administration

Legislative Branch

1849–1850 Zachary Taylor administration

Executive Branch

1829–1836 Andrew Jackson administrations

Executive Branch

Legislative Branch

1817–1824 James Monroe administrations

Legislative Branch

1801–1808 Thomas Jefferson administrations

Executive branch

Judicial Branch

1797–1800 John Adams administration

Executive Branch

1789–1796 George Washington administrations

Legislative Branch

1777–1788 Government Under the Articles of Confederation

Executive Branch

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Katherine Archuleta, Director of Personnel Agency, Resigns, New York Times, JULIE HIRSCHFELD DAVIS, JULY 10, 2015
  2. ↑ Associated Press. "VA chief: 18 vets left off waiting list have died". The Washington Post. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
  3. ↑ Scott Bronstein & Drew Griffin. "A fatal wait: Veterans languish and die on a VA hospital's secret list". CNN. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  4. ↑ "Obama vows action on any VA 'misconduct'". BBC News. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  5. ↑ "Veterans Secretary Eric Shinseki resigns after report". BBC News. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  6. ↑ "White House calls for IRS investigation | The Ticket - Yahoo! News". News.yahoo.com. 2011-06-21. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  7. ↑ "IG: Audit of IRS actions limited to Tea Party groups at GOP request". TheHill.
  8. ↑ Dana Bash. Deirdre Walsh and Tom Cohen, CNN (24 June 2013). "IRS targeting included liberal groups". CNN.
  9. ↑ "IRS Systematically Targeted 'Progressive' Groups Too". NPR.org. 25 June 2013.
  10. ↑ Acting director of IRS forced to resign amid furor over targeting of conservative groups by Zachary A. Goldfarb and Juliet Eilperin, May 15, 2013
  11. ↑ Kelly Phillips Erb (14 January 2014). "No Criminal Charges Expected In FBI Investigation Into IRS Scandal". Forbes.
  12. ↑ I.R.S. Suspends Official at Center of Storm by JONATHAN WEISMAN, May 23, 2013,
  13. ↑ Lois Lerner, IRS official in tea party scandal, forced out for 'neglect of duties' by STEPHEN DINAN, September 23, 2013
  14. ↑ Second IRS official resigns after scandal by Aamer Madhani and Gregory Korte, USA TODAY, May 16, 2013
  15. ↑ John Parkinson & Chris Good (June 28, 2012). "House Holds Eric Holder in Contempt". ABC News. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
  16. ↑ May 27, 2012, "Labor Board Member Resigns Over Leak to GOP Allies" by Steven Greenhouse,
  17. ↑ "GSA Statement on Resignation of Martha Johnson, Ouster of Bob Peck". Washington DC: Citybizlist.com. April 2, 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
  18. ↑ April 3, 2012, "GSA chief gone, but fallout continues in wake of lavish convention expense" by Paul Courson
  19. ↑ Archived April 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  20. ↑ "Former GSA head faults regional commissioners in spending scandal". FederalNewsRadio.com. 2012-04-04. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  21. ↑ Stern, Remy (25 February 2011). "The Craigslist Congressman and the Crossdressing Prostitute". Gawker. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
  22. ↑ foxnews.com/politics, June 09, 2015, Ex-House Speaker Dennis Hastert pleads not guilty in hush money case, Associated Press
  23. ↑ Ross, Brian, Rhonda Schwartz and John Capell, "Exclusive: Alleged Dennis Hastert Sex Abuse Victim Named by Family", ABCNews, June 5, 2015.
  24. ↑ Davey, Monica, & Mitch Smith, Dennis Hastert, Ex-Speaker of House, Pleads Guilty, New York Times (October 28, 2015).
  25. ↑ "Error".
  26. ↑ Skiba, Katherine, "Schock's spokesman resigns over questionable Facebook posts", chicagotribune.com, February 5, 2015.
  27. ↑ "GOP consultant admits lying to ethics investigators". Retrieved 2015-09-13.
  28. ↑ Gray, Kathleen, "McCotter 'asleep at the switch' as petitions were faked", freep.com, August 10, 2012.
  29. ↑ "2 Ex-McCotter Aides Sentenced In Election Scandal", detroit.cbslocal.com, January 18, 2013.
  30. ↑ "Former staffers for Thaddeus McCotter sentenced in false signatures case, Scripps Media, Inc .
  31. ↑ http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit Ex-Thad McCotter aide receives no jail time for role in petition fraud scandal by Gus Burns,
  32. ↑ http://archive.freep.com, October 25, 2012, McCotter staffer Lorianne O'Brady sentenced by the Associated Press
  33. ↑ Warren, Michael. "McConnell Aide Resigns As Ron Paul Scandal Develops". The Weekly Standard. Clarity Media Group. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
  34. ↑ miamiherald.com, Tuesday, August 19, 2014, David Rivera named co-conspirator as friend pleads guilty in campaign-finance case by Marc Caputo, Jay Weaver and Patricia Mazzei
  35. ↑ "11 ethics counts filed against U.S. Rep. David Rivera". Tampa Bay Times.
  36. ↑ "Former GOP Rep Convicted On Corruption Charges". Huffington Post. June 11, 2013.
  37. ↑ "Idaho Sen. Mike Crapo pleads guilty to drunken driving". McClatchy DC.
  38. ↑ "Idaho Senator Joe Crapo Convicted in a Virginia Court". Guardian Liberty Voice.
  39. ↑ Horowitz, Jason (January 5, 2013). "Sen. Mike Crapo pleads guilty to drunken driving". The Washington Post.
  40. ↑ November 19, 2013, Florida Rep. Trey Radel Charged With Cocaine Possession by Scott Neuman
  41. ↑ "Florida Congressman Radel gets probation on cocaine charge". Yahoo News. 20 November 2013.
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  463. ↑ Andro Linklater (2009-09-29). An artist in treason: the extraordinary double life of General James Wilkinson. Walker & Company. ISBN 978-0-8027-1720-7.
  464. ↑ "Aaron Burr and the Definition of Treason (1783–1815)". American Eras. 8 vols. Gale Research, 1997–1998. Student Resource Center. Thomson Gale. 24 October 2005
  465. ↑ "Burr's Conspiracy, 1805–1807". DISCovering U.S. History. Online Edition. Gale, 2003. Student Resource Center. Thomson Gale. 24 October 2005.
  466. ↑ Jerry W. Knudson, "The Jeffersonian Assault on the Federalist Judiciary, 1802–1805: Political Forces and Press Reaction," American Journal of Legal History 1970 14(1): 55–75; Richard Ellis, "The Impeachment of Samuel Chase," in American Political Trials, ed. by Michael R. Belknap (1994) pp. 57–76, quote on p. 64.
  467. ↑
  468. ↑ T. M. Iiams, Peacemaking from Vergennes to Napoleon: French Foreign Relations in the Revolutionary Era, 1774–1814 (1979); A. Duff Cooper, Talleyrand (1932); E. Wilson Lyon, "The Directory and the United States," American Historical Review, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Apr., 1938), pp. 514–532 in JSTOR
  469. ↑ Matthew Lyon, the Hampden of Congress by James Fairfax McLaughlin, p. 257
  470. ↑ "Matthew Lyons". Retrieved August 31, 2010.
  471. ↑ Blount Mansion History http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000570
  472. ↑ Ferling, John. The First of Men: A Life of George Washington, p. 225
  473. ↑ Literae Interactive Design. "Silas Deane Online". silasdeaneonline.org.

References

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