Hajong marriage
Traditional Hajong marriage (Hajong Bhasa:Bi'â, Pronounced as: Biɯ) is a ceremonial ritual that involve a marriage established by pre-arrangement between families. Within Hajong culture, romantic love and widow re-marriage was allowed, and monogamy was the norm for the Hajong people.
History
Hajongs are endogamous[1] people. In Hajong society matriarchy declined with the influence of Hinduism, leading towards the growing dominance of patriarchy in Hajong society. When intimacy develops between a boy and a girl without the knowledge of their parents, they are married to each other, provided that they do not belong to close maternal and paternal kinship. Exorbitant dowry system was absent in the Hajong society. The Hajongs would give a tolerable bride price or groom price called pǒn.[2] Marriage is usually negotiated by the parents through a matchmaker known as Jahu or Jasu. Marriage is prohibited between close maternal and paternal kin.
Essentials of wedding rituals
In a traditional Hajong wedding there are different people who participate in the wedding ceremony.
- Airǒs are five or seven married women with their husbands alive. They perform the Chan-Bila Akawa, invite the deities to attend the wedding and bless the newly married couple and help the priest in performing the wedding.
- Dhuni-Maǒ and Dhuni-Bap ceremonially performs the marriage and act acts as the guardian in the wedding.
- Mitâ is the formal witness the marriage and becomes a lifelong friend of the married couple.
- Udhikâri is the priest who performs the formal marriage rites. The Udhikâri is now mostly substituted by a Hindu Brahmin.
- Gitâlus are people who sing songs that depicts the marriage of Shib Dyao and Parbuti Dyao and story of Bihulâ and Lukkhindǒr.[3]
Traditional marriage rituals
Proposal
When an unmarried boy's parents found a potential daughter-in-law, they then go to the girl's house with a Jahu whose job was to assuage the conflict of interests and general embarrassments when discussing the possibility of marriage on the part of two families largely unknown to each other.
Bride price
At this point the bridegroom's family arranged the matchmaker(Jahu or Jasu) to present a bride price to the bride's family.
Arranging the wedding
Before wedding ceremony, two families would arrange a wedding day according to Hajong calendar. Selecting an auspicious day to assure a good future for the couple is as important as avoiding what is believed to be an unlucky day. The wedding is not held on the birth day of both the bride and the groom.
Finalising people
The bride's family finalises people like the Airǒs, Dhuni-Mao and Dhuni-Bap who are essential for performing the marriage rites. They are invited by giving betel nuts and betel leaves.
Wedding ceremony
The final ritual would be the actual wedding ceremony where bride and groom become a married couple, which consists of many elaborate parts and the rituals takes place for three to five days:
Chan-Bila Akawa
The airǒs make sun, moon, birds and palanquis on a bamboo screen and paint auspicious symbols on earthen lamps and pottery.
Udhibâs
The airǒs invite the gods, to attend the wedding and bless the newly married couple, by lighting a lamp in the name of the deity.
Wedding procession
The wedding procession from the bride's home to the groom's home consists of a traditional band and the airǒs. Picking the groom from his house, the airǒs along with the groom and the mitâ heads towards the bride's residence.
Welcoming the groom
The wedding procession stops at the door of the bride's home. There are ceremonies to be followed to welcome the groom and her wedding procession into the bride's home, which varies from place to place.
Gǒn Suwaba
The bride and the groom are ritually purified by the airǒs before the bhor bi'â.
Bhor bi'â
Bhor bi'â is the actual wedding ceremony equivallent to exchanging vows in the west, it is an elaborate ritual and is held at the night. The couple would pay respect to wedding deities, the patron family deities, paying respect to deceased ancestors and the bride and groom's parents and other elders.
Basi bi'â or Bahi bi'â
It is the second half of the wedding and is performed in the next morning.
Wedding banquets
In Hajong society, the wedding banquet is known as Bi'â-khawa. There are ceremonies such as the bride and groon eating together sharing the side dishes. Traditionally, the bride's father is responsible for the cost of the wedding invitation sweet treats, the banquet invitations, and the wedding itself. Wedding banquets are elaborate and consist usually of 5-10 courses and turtle meat is considered auspicious for wedding banquets as it symbolizes long life. Traditionally, the father of the bride is responsible for the wedding banquet hosted on the bride's side and the alcohol consumed during both banquets. The wedding banquets are two separate banquets: the primary banquet is hosted once from the bride's side, the second banquet is at the groom's side, for which the groom's family takes the expenses of the banquet. While the wedding itself is often based on the couple's choices, the wedding banquets are a gesture of thanks and appreciation, to those that have raised the bride and groom (such as grandparents and uncles). It is also to ensure the relatives on each side meet the relatives on the other side.
Polygamy
Polygamy is very rare among the Hajongs. Traditional Hajong culture does not prohibit nor explicitly encourage polygamy, except as a way to obtain male children.
Remarriage
Widows are allowed to remarry in the Hajong society and this type of marriage is called Hang'a or Sang'a in Hajong. This marriage is mostly performed for young widows by her inlaws or the village headman.[4]
See also
References
- ↑ Hajong, B. (2002). The Hajongs and their struggle. Assam, Janata Press. p. 29.
- ↑ Hajong, B. (2002). The Hajongs and their struggle. Assam, Janata Press. p. 30.
- ↑ Hajong, B. (2002). The Hajongs and their struggle. Assam, Janata Press. p. 31.
- ↑ Hajong, B. (2002). The Hajongs and their struggle. Assam, Janata Press. p. 30.
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