Hīt offensive (2016)

Hīt offensive (2016) Part of the Iraqi Civil War (2014–present), the American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–present), and the Anbar campaign (2015–present) Date 12 March 2016 – 14 April 2016 (1 month and 2 days) Location Hīt District, Anbar Governorate, Iraq Status Iraqi government victory Iraqi forces recapture the town of Kabisa,[1] Hīt, and the Hīt District from ISIL[2][3] Belligerents Iraq Iraqi security forces Armed Forces Federal Police Local Sunni tribes Shi'ite militias Air support:[4]  United States  United Kingdom  Australia  Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Commanders and leaders Haider al-Abadi (Prime Minister of Iraq) Suhaib al-Rawi (Governor of Anbar) Mohanad Zbar (Mayor of Hīt district) Raed Mounir al-Zubaidi † (Top ISIL commander of Hīt District)[5] Isaq al-Libyan † (ISIL commander of Kabisa District)[6] Strength 5,000+ fighters (two brigades) 1,000+ fighters (300–400 fighters in Hīt)[7] Casualties and losses 62+ killed, 50+ wounded 339+ killed 40 arrested[8] 5 civilians executed by ISIL 25,000 civilians trapped in Hīt, another 20,000 fled the Hīt District[9] 1,500+ civilians evacuated[10][11]

Iraqi Civil War (2014–present) Timeline 2014 2015 2016 Battles and operations 1st Anbar 1st Fallujah 1st Northern Iraq 1st Mosul Amirli Camp Speicher Tikrit 2nd Northern Iraq Zumar 1st Sinjar Mosul Dam Musab bin Umair mosque Suq al Ghazi Saqlawiyah 1st Hīt Jurf Al Sakhar Salahuddin 2nd Baiji 2nd Tikrit 3rd Baiji 1st Ramadi 2nd Sinjar Dhuluiya 2nd Mosul Kirkuk Al-Karmah 2nd Anbar 2nd Ramadi 2nd Fallujah 2nd Hīt Ar-Rutbah 3rd Fallujah 3rd Sinjar Nineveh Plains offensive 3rd Mosul 4th Mosul Hamam al-Alil Major insurgent attacks 1st Baghdad Khan Bani Saad 2nd Baghdad Sharaban Ramadi Mosul 3rd Baghdad Miqdadiyah 1st Hillah Iskandariya 4th Baghdad Samawa 5th Baghdad 1st Balad Taji 6th Baghdad 7th Baghdad 2nd Balad 8th Baghdad 9th Baghdad Kirkuk 2nd Hillah Foreign interventions Iranian-led intervention American-led intervention Inherent Resolve Shader Okra Chammal Impact ISIL genocide of minorities Christian genocide Yazidi genocide Shia genocide ISIL Executions Mosul

The Hīt offensive (2016), also known as Operation Desert Lynx,^[12] was an offensive launched by the Iraqi Government during the Anbar offensive, with the goal of recapturing the town of Hīt and the Hīt District from ISIL. After the Iraqi forces recaptured the city of Ramadi, Hīt and Fallujah were the only cities still under the control of ISIL in the Al Anbar Governorate. Iraqi Forces fully recaptured of Hīt and the rest of the Hīt District on 14 April 2016.

Background

On 19 February, it was revealed that the next target of Iraqi operations in the Anbar Province was going to be the town of Hīt, with an estimated 12,000 civilians and 300–400 ISIL militants in the town, and many more ISIL militants in the surrounding area. On 23 February, the Iraqi government deployed reinforcements to the Al Asad Airbase airbase near Hīt, in preparation for a future offensive to recapture both Kabisa and the Hīt District from ISIL.^[13] On the same day, clashes erupted between local Sunni tribesmen and ISIL forces in the Hīt District.^[14] On the next day, the US-led Coalition destroyed the ISIL headquarters in Hīt and Kabisa, killing multiple ISIL militants.^[15] On 28 February, the Iraqi government warned the civilians in Kabisa and the Hīt District to leave within 48 hours, to avoid an imminent offensive to recapture those areas.^[16] On 8 March, ISIL forces abandoned the Zankourah district, without any resistance against Iraqi government fighters.^[17][18]

The offensive

On 12 March, the Iraqi Government launched the offensive to recapture the Hīt District from ISIL.^[12] On the same day, U.S.-led Coalition forces conducted several airstrikes within Hīt, killing a number of ISIL leaders and militants, which Iraqi officials confirmed.^[19]

On 13 March, ISIL reportedly pulled out most of its fighters from the Hīt area, on which security forces were advancing, a military spokesman said. “The majority of Daesh (ISIS) fighters in Hīt, Rutba and Kubaysa have fled through the desert to other regions,” Yahya Rasool, Iraq’s top security spokesman, told the press. Earlier, an army general and a mayor said that ISIL had also pulled its fighters out of Ar-Rutba, a desert town in Anbar, and headed to al-Qaim.^[20]

On 14 March, an armed group of young people in Hīt district opened fire on a detachment belonging to ISIL, near a house inhabited by ISIL members, killing six ISIL members and burning their vehicle.^[21]

On 17 March, Iraqi Security Forces and allied Sunni tribal paramilitary units, backed by Iraqi aircraft, fought with ISIL militants and drove them out of al-Mohammadi, which is located northwest of Ramadi and southeast of Hīt. Sources said that Iraqi soldiers killed at least 21 militants in the battles, and raised the Iraqi flag on a building in the village.^[22][23] Meanwhile, more troops and Sunni tribal units, backed by U.S.-led coalition and Iraqi aircraft, advanced during the day in two routes from the Al Asad Airbase, towards Hīt and the nearby town of Kabisa.

On 19 March, the Iraqi Army recaptured the town of Kabisa, to the west-southwest of Hīt.^[1] On the same day, ISIL beheaded 5 civilians, considering them to be Iraqi government spies, in front of their families.^[24]

On 20 March 20 ISIL fighters were killed during a battle with Iraqi forces near Hīt.^[25]

On 21 March, the Iraqi Army came within 1 kilometer of the eastern outskirts of Hīt.^[26] On the same day, Iraqi forces paused offensive operations, to give the remaining civilians in the district time to flee.^[27]

On 22 March, at least 10,000 residents of Hīt abandoned the city, with another estimated 25,000 still left inside it.^[28]

Between 25–30 March, the US-led Coalition, launched 17 airstrikes against ISIL positions, in and around Hīt.^[29]

On 31 March 17 ISIL militants were killed in the Hīt by Coalition airstrikes.^[30] Eight Iraqi soldiers were also killed after an ISIL suicide car bomber detonated explosives, near an Iraqi Army convoy advancing towards the town of Hīt. The Iraqi Army managed to recapture areas to the south and west of Hīt on the same day.^[31] A security source announced that another 60 ISIL militants were killed in an aerial bombing by Iraqi F-16 fighter jets on their strongholds and gatherings, in the districts of Sharqat and Hīt.^[32]

On 1 April, the Iraqi Army recaptured the northern edge of the city.^[33] The offensive was reported to have been delayed earlier, because hundreds of roadside bombs littering the surrounding area slowed progress for days. The Iraqi troops worked to encircle the city.^[33] Furthermore, it was reported that a significant number of troops had been pulled out of Al Anbar Governorate earlier to protect protesters in Baghdad, which also resulted in delays.^[34]

On 2 April, Iraqi Government forces carried out a string of counter-terrorism operations in close proximity to the town of Hīt, and managed to recapture the regions of Basateen, Mourour, Saklat, and Askari. Nearly 100 ISIL fighters and 15 Iraqi soldiers were killed during the offensive. Iraqi fighter jets also bombed an ISIL base and killed 13 terrorists elsewhere in Anbar, while a weapons depot and a tunnel were destroyed in the al-Sen and Tal al-Marg Districts of Hīt.^[35] Iraqi Security Forces and allied paramilitary Sunni tribal fighters and managed to seize the al-Ma'mil District on the eastern edge of the town, after heavy clashes with ISIL militants. Iraqi troops killed 14 ISIL militants and destroyed a booby-trapped vehicle during the clashes, which also resulted in the killing of three soldiers and the wounding of four others.^[36]

On 2 April, Iraqi officials reported, that around 1,500 prisoners, mostly civilians, were freed from an ISIL underground prison near Hīt.^[34] This was denied a day later by Major General Ali Ibrahim Daboun, the army commander responsible for the area. He said that no prison was found, but that civilians, mostly families, had been "evacuated" from Hīt. Other officials confirmed that.^[11] On 3 April, Iraqi forces recaptured the Hīt Training Camp from ISIL, along with the surrounding areas, reducing ISIL control of the Hīt District to the town of Hīt.^[37]

On 5 April, it was reported that the Iraqi Security Forces had recaptured more than 70% of the Hīt District.^[38] The state TV reported a local commander saying that the military had routed ISIL from the city, but that fighting was still going on. The Iraqi Army's control of the town appeared to be incomplete and fragile. An Iraqi commander informed that the insurgents had tried to retake a main street but were repelled. Iraqi forces also managed to seize the government compound and raised the Iraqi flag on a main building, after ISIL militants withdrew from the downtown and eastern part of the town.^[39]

On 8 April, Iraqi forces recaptured the Hit town center, and expelled ISIL forces from most of the city, but fighting still continued in the city. At least 30 Iraqi soldiers were killed, and more than 50 were wounded in the clashes.^[40]

On 10 April, Iraqi soldiers took control of the Al-Qal'a and Ummal Districts. Six Iraqi soldiers were killed, and 13 others were injured during one incident, as eight landmines exploded while an Iraqi Army convoy was passing through Hamam Street in central Hīt, destroying four military vehicles. US-Coalition warplanes also bombarded an ISIL post in the area of Gesierat, close to the town of Khan al-Baghdadi, killing 16 ISIL militants.^[41]

On 11 April, Iraqi forces had raised the Iraqi flag over the local municipal building, and confirmed they were in complete control of the city center. Abdul Ghani al-Assadi, head of Iraq's Counter-Terrorism Service claimed that they were in complete control of the town. He said his forces still needed to clear a few neighborhoods where fighting was ongoing, but insisted that the ISIL militants were fleeing.^[42]

On 12 April, Iraqi Security Forces managed to recapture the Hīt Teaching Hospital and the al-Jamayia neighborhood in central Hīt, after fierce battles against ISIL fighters, resulting in the killing of 40 ISIL fighters.^[43] On the same day, the commander of the 3rd special operations brigade in the Anti-Terrorism Directorate Sami Kadim al-Aredi announced the liberation of al-Zohour, al-Qadisiyyah, and al-Shohada neighbourhoods in Hīt, with the backing by the Iraqi Army's 16th Brigade.^[44] Commander of Anbar Operations Command, Maj. Gen. Ismail al-Mahalawi, announced the killing of four ISIL militants, including a suicide bomber, in the Hīt District on the same day.^[45]

On 13 April 33 ISIL militants were killed during an operation to liberate a neighborhood in central Hīt.^[46] British warplanes carried out airstrikes on the same day that helped in destroying one of the last remaining strongpoints of the militants on the eastern outskirts of the town and struck an ISIL machine-gun position. The airstrikes allowed Iraqi forces to enter the town's hospital where they found a booby-trapped ambulance which was later destroyed by RAF jets.^[47]

On 14 April, Iraqi forces fully recaptured the town of Hīt, along with the remainder of the Hīt District.^{[2][3][5][48]} British warplanes destroyed boats that were being used to evacuate ISIL fighters from the town.^[47]

Aftermath

40 ISIL members who were trying to escape from the town were arrested by Iraqi security forces on 16 April.^[49] On 23 April, Iraqi army liberated the Albu Naim area to the west of the Hīt District. Dozens of ISIL militants were killed during the operation.^[50]

On 29 April, Iraqi security forces and allied paramilitary Sunni tribal units, backed by Iraqi and U.S.-led coalition aircraft, freed the villages of Khazraj and Nuwy'im in west of the town of Heet, resulting in the killing of 13 IS militants and two soldiers and the wounding of five others. Meanwhile, Iraqi troops killed another suicide bomber wearing an explosive vest near the police station in the town of Kubaisa.^[51] Also on the same day, Islamic State has issued a news release claiming to have carried out a suicide attack on a police station in the same town, killing over 50 police officers and soldiers. According to the terrorist group’s statement, four ISIS militants attacked the station; two detonated their explosives and two returned to ISIS headquarters.^[52]

On the afternoon of 2 May, US-led Coalition aircraft bombed ISIL gatherings and strongholds in the Falij al-Sharqiya area in the Hīt District, killing 11 ISIL members. Iraqi Security Forces were able to dismantle 200 explosive devices in the eastern axis of the Hīt District, as well as destroying a 23 mm machine gun and a rocket launcher.^[53]

See also

References