Flute Sonata in E major, BWV 1035

Bach in 1746; 1748 portrait by Elias Gottlob Haussmann

The Sonata in E major for flute and basso continuo (BWV 1035) is a sonata for transverse flute and figured bass composed by Johann Sebastian Bach in the 1740s. It was written as the result of a visit in 1741 to the court of Frederick the Great in Potsdam, where Bach's son Carl Philipp Emanuel had been appointed principal harpsichordist to the king the previous year. It was dedicated to Michael Gabriel Fredersdorf, the king's valet and private secretary, who, like the king, was an amateur flautist.[1]

Origins and musical structure

Joachim Quantz, 1735

The surviving nineteenth-century sources for the sonata carry dedications to Frederick the Great's private secretary, Michael Gabriel Fredersdorf: one of the earliest hand copies of BWV 1035 is annotated "after the autograph by the composer, which was written anno 17--, when he was at Potsdam, for privy chamberlain Fredersdorf." Fredersdorf had been taught to play the flute by his father, a stadtpfeifer in Frankfurt. He acted as an intermediary with the Dresden flautist-composer Joachim Quantz, who not only composed for Frederick but also gave him lessons and supplied him with instruments. When Frederick became king in 1740, he appointed Bach's son Carl Phillip Emanuel as the principal court harpsichordist. One and a half year's later in December 1741, Quantz also joined the court where he served as composer and flute teacher until the end of his career. Before that, in the summer of 1741 Bach made his first visit to Berlin, staying near the royal palace on Unter den Linden with his friend Georg Ernst Stahl, a court doctor. As his correspondence with his family in Leipzig shows, on this first visit Bach did not have an official audience with the king, but—in view of the dedication—must have conferred with Fredersdorf.[2][3][4]

The opening Adagio ma non tanto contains many expressive and elaborate baroque ornaments including the king's favourite "tierces ornées"—intermediate notes added to a falling third, creating a sighing Affekt. As Oleskiewicz (1999, p. 95) comments, this was probably the only time Bach used ornamentation of this kind.

The alternation of the semidemiquaver melismas with the semiquaver triplet passages along with the passages of coupled semiquaver figures are also typical of Bach's Leipzig style. Likewise the dance-like Allegro in a lively 2/4 time signature follows the pattern of his Leipzig works, an acquiescence to the galant style so popular at the time. In the slow Siciliano, the opening theme of the flute is taken up in canon a bar later in the bass line. The movement itself is in the key of C-sharp minor, but modulates through many keys before returning to the original key. The last Allegro assai also has galant elements, with its binary form—like the second and third movements—and its quirky dance-like rhythms. Both fast movements contain trills and brilliant semiquaver passagework. Eppstein (1972, p. 15) has suggested that BWV 1035 can be considered as a sonata da camera, with the first movement playing the role of a prelude and the subsequent binary movements corresponding to dances. He has proposed that the fast movements correspond to specific dance forms: the second movement to a rigaudon, a French dance appearing for example in the fourth of François Couperin's Concerts Royaux (1722); and the fourth movement to a spritely polonaise.[5][6][7][8]

Arrangements and transcriptions

Selected recordings
Sonata for Flute and Harpsichord in E major, BWV 1035
1. Adagio ma non tanto
2. Allegro
3. Siciliano
4. Allegro assai
Performed by Alex Murray (transverse flute) and Martha Goldstein (harpsichord)
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The sonata was written for transverse flute and continuo, but has been arranged for other instruments (see above). The sonata, and its transposed version in F major for alto recorder, are part of the standard examination repertoire for the ABRSM and other national examining boards.[9]

Figured bass on harpsichord

Figured bass on fortepiano

Figured bass on lute

Piano accompaniment

Guitar accompaniment

Transcriptions

Arrangements

Notes

  1. ↑ See:
  2. ↑ Powell 2002, p. 99
  3. ↑ Wolff 2002, p. 425
  4. ↑ Oleskiewicz 1999, p. 95
  5. ↑ Powell 2002, p. 99
  6. ↑ Oleskiewicz 1999, pp. 95
  7. ↑ Jones 2013, pp. 363–64
  8. ↑ Wolff 1991, p. 363
  9. ↑ The baroque flute in the mid-eigteenth century had only one key and was tuned to baroque pitch, a lower pitch than present concert pitch, in which the modern transverse flute is tuned. The continuo part can be played on one or more instruments. Along with other flute sonatas by Bach, the sonata has entered the standard repertoire used for examination purposes for both flute and recorder in several countries, when it is usually performed with piano accompaniment from an authorised edition using a fixed realisation of the figured bass. For more details see Powell (2002).
  10. ↑ Die Flötensonaten = Complete flute sonatas, OCLC 10773875
  11. ↑ Die Flötensonaten, OCLC 724993095
  12. ↑ Sonata no. 1, in B minor, for piano and flute Sonata no. 6, in E major, for piano and flute , OCLC 49740183
  13. ↑ Christopher Steward’s early flute recordings: Georges Laurent at Robert Bigio flute pages

References

Published editions

Books and journal articles

Further reading

External links

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