Fluciclovine

Fluciclovine (18F)
Clinical data
Trade names Axumin
Identifiers
ChemSpider 23313216
Chemical and physical data
Formula C5H818FNO2
Molar mass 132.12 g/mol

Fluciclovine, also known as anti-1-amino-3-18F-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (FACBC),[1][2] or as Axumin (brand name), and colloquially as anti-3[18F] FACBC or F18, is a diagnostic agent "indicated for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in men with suspected prostate cancer recurrence based on elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels."[3][4]

Background

Most imaging tests have not been able to localize recurrent prostate cancer when the PSA is mildly increased.[1][3] Axumin scans were compared to [11C]-tagged choline PET scans, another FDA approved PET scan that can assist in this situation, and to biopsy results.[3][5] Fluciclovine tagged PET scans appear to more sensitive than CT scans[6] and to [11C]-tagged choline PET scans.[7][8]

Mechanism

Fluciclovine is a [18F]-tagged synthetic analog of the amino acid L-leucine.[9][10] FACBC uptake by the tumor is related to functional activity of two amino acid transporters,[11] specifically sodium-dependent system ASC, with a lesser contribution by sodium-independent system L.[10] Although it is handled by the amino acid transporter system, it does not undergo terminally incorporative metabolism within the body.[10] The distribution of the tracer in the body differs from choline and FDG, as kidney uptake of FACBC is negligible, and no activity is found in the urinary tract.[10][11] There is low native brain uptake compared to FDG, which may enhance detection of brain metastases[2][10] or primary brain tumors.[10] The more intense native liver and pancreatic uptake seen with this agent would be expected to limit disease detection in those organs.[10] FACBC has a short synthesis time and a long half-life, which eliminate the need for an onsite cyclotron.[11]

Marketing

Axumin is marketed by Blue Earth Diagnostics, Ltd., United Kingdom.[4]

References

  1. 1 2 Schiavina R, Ceci F, Borghesi M, et al. (2013). "The dilemma of localizing disease relapse after radical treatment for prostate cancer: which is the value of the actual imaging techniques?". Curr Radiopharm. 6 (2): 92–5. PMID 23597246.
  2. 1 2 Forrest W. "Start-up develops prostate PET agent." AuntMinnie.com May 9, 2014
  3. 1 2 3 FDA Press Release. "FDA approves new diagnostic imaging agent to detect recurrent prostate cancer" May 27, 2016
  4. 1 2 Drugs.com "FDA Approves Axumin (fluciclovine F 18) Diagnostic Imaging Agent to Detect Recurrent Prostate Cancer" May 27, 2016
  5. ↑ Berberabe T. "FDA Approves Radioactive Imaging Agent Axumin in Recurrent Prostate Cancer." OncLive May 27, 2016
  6. ↑ Odewole OA, Tade FI, Nieh PT, et al. (2016). "Recurrent prostate cancer detection with anti-3-[(18)F]FACBC PET/CT: comparison with CT". Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. doi:10.1007/s00259-016-3383-8. PMID 27091135.
  7. ↑ Evangelista L, Briganti A, Fanti S, et al. (2016). "New Clinical Indications for (18)F/(11)C-choline, New Tracers for Positron Emission Tomography and a Promising Hybrid Device for Prostate Cancer Staging: A Systematic Review of the Literature". Eur. Urol. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2016.01.029. PMID 26850970.
  8. ↑ Nanni C, Schiavina R, Brunocilla E, et al. (2015). "18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT for the Detection of Prostate Cancer Relapse: A Comparison to 11C-Choline PET/CT". Clin Nucl Med. 40 (8): e386–91. doi:10.1097/RLU.0000000000000849. PMID 26053708.
  9. ↑ Bankhead C. "Prostate Scan Agent Approved by FDA." MedPage Today May 27, 2016
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Schuster DM, Nanni C, Fanti S, et al. (2014). "Anti-1-amino-3-18F-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid: physiologic uptake patterns, incidental findings, and variants that may simulate disease". J. Nucl. Med. 55 (12): 1986–92. doi:10.2967/jnumed.114.143628. PMC 4844004Freely accessible. PMID 25453047.
  11. 1 2 3 Schiavina R, Brunocilla E, Martorana G (2014). "The new promise of FACBC position emission tomography/computed tomography in the localization of disease relapse after radical treatment for prostate cancer: are we turning to the right radiotracer?". Eur. Urol. 65 (1): 255–6. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2013.08.053. PMID 24094575.
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