Campaign for "santorum" neologism

The campaign for the neologism "santorum" started with a contest held in May 2003 by Dan Savage, a sex columnist and LGBT rights activist. Savage asked his readers to create a definition for the word "santorum"[1][2] in response to then-U.S. Senator Rick Santorum's views on homosexuality, and comments about same sex marriage. In his comments, Santorum had stated that "[i]n every society, the definition of marriage has not ever to my knowledge included homosexuality. That's not to pick on homosexuality. It's not, you know, man on child, man on dog, or whatever the case may be."[3] Savage announced the winning entry, which defined "santorum" as "the frothy mixture of lube and fecal matter that is sometimes the byproduct of anal sex". He created a web site, spreadingsantorum.com (and santorum.com), to promote the definition, which became a top internet search result displacing the Senator's official website on many search engines, including Google, Yahoo! Search, and Bing.[4]

In 2010 Savage said he would take the site down if Santorum donated US$5 million plus interest to Freedom to Marry, a group advocating legal recognition of same-sex marriages.[5] In September 2011 Santorum asked Google to remove the definition from its search engine index. Google refused, responding that the company does not remove content from search results except in very limited circumstances.[6]

Santorum's comments on homosexuality

In an interview with the Associated Press on April 7, 2003, Santorum said there is a relationship between the Catholic Church sex abuse scandal and liberalism and relativism. He argued that moral relativism involves accepting any adult consensual behavior in the privacy of people's homes, even if the behavior might otherwise be considered deviant. Santorum believes this attitude leads to an unhealthy culture.[7]

Santorum said that, while he had no problem with homosexuality, he did have a problem with homosexual acts, "as I would with acts of other, what I would consider to be, acts outside of traditional heterosexual relationships. And that includes a variety of different acts, not just homosexual." He continued:

We have laws in states, like the one at the Supreme Court right now, that has sodomy laws and they were there for a purpose. Because, again, I would argue, they undermine the basic tenets of our society and the family. And if the Supreme Court says that you have the right to consensual sex within your home, then you have the right to bigamy, you have the right to polygamy, you have the right to incest, you have the right to adultery. You have the right to anything. Does that undermine the fabric of our society? I would argue yes, it does.[7]

Santorum said he was arguing against any relationship other than marriage between a man and a woman, the basis in his view of a stable society: "That's not to pick on homosexuality. It's not, you know, man on child, man on dog, or whatever the case may be."[7]

The interview prompted an angry reaction from gay rights activists[8] and some politicians.[9] A spokesman for the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee described Santorum's views as divisive and reckless[10] while conservative activists saw them as a "principled opposition to same-sex marriage".[9]

Response by Dan Savage

Dan Savage

On April 25, 2003, in a New York Times op-ed, Savage responded to Santorum's comments, arguing that the remarks amounted to an overt Republican appeal to homophobic voters.[11] A reader of Savage's column, Savage Love, subsequently suggested a contest to create a new definition for "santorum".[12] Observing that he had previously sought to coin the sexual neologism "pegging", Savage agreed, writing on May 15, "There's no better way to memorialize the Santorum scandal than by attaching his name to a sex act that would make his big, white teeth fall out of his big, empty head."[2][13][14]

He said on May 29 that he had received 3,000 suggestions, and posted several nominees for readers to choose from.[15] On June 12 he announced the winner as "that frothy mixture of lube and fecal matter that is sometimes the byproduct of anal sex".[9][16]

Savage set up a website, spreadingsantorum.com, to spread awareness of the term;[9] the site features the definition over a brown splattered stain on an otherwise-white page. Savage also set up another website, santorum.com, that displays the same content. The Philadelphia Inquirer reported in July 2006 that the site appeared at the top of a Google search for Santorum's name. When asked whether he was concerned about the effect on Santorum's children, Savage responded that gays and lesbians also have children, who are required to listen to comparisons of gay relationships to incest and bestiality. He also said, "The only people who come at me wringing their hands about Santorum's children are idiot lefties who don't get how serious the right is about destroying us."[17] Savage offered in May 2010 to remove the site if Santorum donated $5 million to Freedom to Marry, an advocacy group for same-sex marriage.[5]

In February 2011, Savage said he would revive his campaign.[18] As of January 2012, the sexual term was still the top result for Santorum's name on several search engines, including Google, Bing, and Yahoo.[5][19][20]

In a July 2011 video on Funny or Die, Savage proposed to redefine Santorum's first name if Santorum did not stop criticizing homosexuality.[21][22] In his August 17, 2011 column, Savage observed that "Santorum hasn't laid off the gay bashing, as it's all he's got," and endorsed a reader suggestion to re-define "rick" as a verb, thus making 'Rick santorum.' into a complete sentence.[23][24]

Reception and political impact

The word santorum, as defined, has been characterized as "obscene",[25] "unprintable",[26] or "vulgar".[27]

The American Dialect Society chose "santorum" as the winner in its "Most Outrageous" category in the society's 2004 "Word of the Year" event,[28] as a result of which several newspapers reportedly omitted that category from their coverage of the announcement.[29]

Google Current reported in 2006 that the word had inspired punk rock and blues songs;[30] Philadelphia Weekly columnist Liz Spikol wrote that it had begun appearing on bumper stickers and T-shirts.[17] Jon Stewart mentioned it on The Daily Show more than once; his reference to it in May 2011 caused the word to be one of the most queried search terms on Google the following day.[31] Stephen Colbert of The Colbert Report also referred to it on more than one occasion.[32]

"An example of deliberate coining is the word 'santorum'... In point of fact, the term is the child of a one-man campaign by syndicated sex columnist Dan Savage to place the term in wide usage. From its appearance in print and especially on the Internet, one would assume, incorrectly, that the term has gained wide usage."
The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, 2006

Savage's campaign was widely discussed in the media, but the word itself did not gain wide acceptance, according to The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English in 2006.[33] The 2007 update of this work, The Concise New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, does not contain an entry for "santorum".[34]

Stephanie Mencimer wrote in Mother Jones in 2010 that "some observers even suggested [the neologism] may have contributed to" Santorum's 2006 defeat by Bob Casey.[5] Savage had attempted to contribute $2,100 to Casey's campaign, but the donation was returned.[35]

Noam Cohen of The New York Times described the situation as a hijacking of online identity. He questioned whether automatic search algorithms should be entirely devoid of human discretion.[36]

The issue resurfaced during the 2012 presidential primaries in which Santorum was a candidate. A commentary in The Globe and Mail suggested a difficulty in avoiding double entendres when writing about Santorum because of Savage's campaign.[37]

Santorum's reaction

Santorum discussed the issue in a February 2011 interview with Roll Call: "It's one guy. You know who it is. The Internet allows for this type of vulgarity to circulate. It's unfortunate that we have someone who obviously has some issues. But he has an opportunity to speak."[38]

After announcing he might stand for the 2012 presidential nomination, he told The Daily Caller in April 2011 that he had not hired anyone to help move Savage's website lower in search results, but hoped his possible run for president would shift his own site to the top organically.[39]

In a June 2011 interview, Santorum said, "There are foul people out there who do horrible things. It's unfortunate some people thought it would be a big joke to make fun of my name. That comes with the territory."[40]

In July 2011, Santorum said that news coverage of this matter would be very different if he were liberal instead of conservative: "The Mainstream Media would hit the roof—and rightly so!"[41]

Google-bombing

The New York Times reported in 2004 that people had tried to use Google bombs to link the names of several American politicians, including George W. Bush, Hillary Clinton, and Rick Santorum, to what it called "unprintable phrases".[42] Bloggers linking to Spreading Santorum caused it to rise in Google's rankings.[5]

In 2010, Michael Fertik of ReputationDefender (now Reputation.com), a company to help people influence their Web presence, described the search engine issue as "devastating" and said it was "one of the more creative and salient Google issues" he had ever seen.[5] Mark Skidmore of Blue State Digital said Santorum would find it difficult to shift Savage's site, because Savage had over 13,000 inbound links against 5,000 for Santorum's own site.[5] Chris Wilson in Slate described the situation as a "classic 'Google bomb'."[43]

Santorum's request for intervention by Google

When asked in June 2011 whether Google should step in to prevent the definition appearing so prominently under searches for his name, Santorum said they should intervene only if they would normally do so in this kind of circumstance.[20] In September 2011 Santorum asked Google to intervene by altering the indexing of the content, saying, "If you're a responsible business, you don't let things like that happen in your business that have an impact on the country...To have a business allow that type of filth to be purveyed through their website or through their system is something that they say they can't handle but I suspect that's not true."[6] In response to Santorum's request, a Google spokesperson asserted that Google does not "remove content from our search results, except in very limited cases such as illegal content and violations of our webmaster guidelines."[6]

According to Talking Points Memo (TPM), "Google did crack down" on google-bombing in the past.[44] In an interview with TPM, search engine expert Danny Sullivan stated that Santorum mischaracterized the campaign as a "Google bomb", when it was actually a relevant use of the search query santorum to create "a new definition for the word".[44] Sullivan argued that, in a Google bomb, pranksters persuade Google's algorithm to send the wrong results for a certain term (e.g., when pranksters caused the search term "miserable failure" to point to the White House website's presidential biography page). In Santorum's case, on the other hand, the term "santorum" still points to a web page about a "santorum"—which happens to be Savage's neologism instead of the Senator from Pennsylvania. Sullivan concluded that, "for [Senator Santorum] to say Google could get rid of it would be like him saying, 'I don't like the word 'unicorn' and I think that that definition should go away.'"[44]

Some sources describe the neologism campaign as a prank.[45][46] However, despite three times as many inbound links,[5] observers have noted that search engines Bing and Yahoo had been presenting the offending links second behind Santorum's web site.[47][48]

2012 ranking algorithm changes

In February 2012 the link to the site briefly vanished from the first page of Google search results for "Santorum" after Google changed its SafeSearch algorithm.[49][50][51][52] A further change restored the site to the first page of Google results, and its ranking on other search engines underwent no significant changes.[53][54][55] The placement of the site in search returns may vary depending on who is searching.[52] Google stated that the change was not the result of specific manual intervention to produce this result.[55]

References

  1. ↑ Wasik, Bill (2009). And Then There's This: How Stories Live and Die in Viral Culture. Viking Adult; First Edition. p. . ISBN 978-0-670-02084-3.
  2. 1 2 Savage, Dan (May 15, 2003). "Savage Love: Bill, Ashton, Rick". The Stranger. ISSN 1935-9004.
  3. ↑ Corvino, John (2013-01-04). What's Wrong with Homosexuality?. Oxford University Press. pp. 120–. ISBN 9780199323913. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
  4. ↑ Amira, Dan (February 16, 2011). "Rick Santorum Has Come to Terms With His Google Problem". New York Magazine. nymag.com. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mencimer, Stephanie (September–October 2010). "Rick Santorum's Anal Sex Problem". Mother Jones. ISSN 0362-8841.
  6. 1 2 3 Burns, Alexander (September 20, 2011). "Rick Santorum contacted Google, says company spreads 'filth'". Politico. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
  7. 1 2 3 "Excerpt from Santorum interview". USA Today. April 23, 2003. ISSN 0734-7456.
  8. ↑ "Santorum defends comments on homosexuality". CNN. April 23, 2003. Retrieved March 13, 2008.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Brewer, Paul Ryan (2008). Value War: Public Opinion and the Politics of Gay Rights. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 67–68, 86. ISBN 978-0-7425-6210-3. LCCN 2007037833. OL 10721857M.
  10. ↑ Loughlin, Sean. "Santorum under fire for comments on homosexuality", CNN, April 22, 2003.
  11. ↑ Savage, Dan (April 25, 2003). "G.O.P. Hypocrisy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.
  12. ↑ "Bill, Ashton, Rick". Savage Love. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  13. ↑ Dwyer, Devin (May 10, 2011). "Rick Santorum's 'Google Problem' Resurfaces with Jon Stewart Plug.". ABC News.
  14. ↑ Heckman, Meg (June 12, 2011). "Rick Santorum vs. the internet". The Concord Monitor. Concord, NH. Retrieved June 22, 2011. The less vulgar include...
  15. ↑ Savage, Dan (May 29, 2003). "Savage Love: Do the Santorum". The Stranger. ISSN 1935-9004.
  16. ↑ Savage, Dan (June 12, 2003). "Savage Love: Gas Huffer". The Stranger. ISSN 1935-9004.
  17. 1 2 Spikol, Liz (October 4, 2006). "Savage Politics". Philadelphia Weekly.
  18. ↑ Steve Peoples (February 23, 2011). "Dan Savage Vows to Revive 'Santorum' Campaign". Roll Call.
  19. ↑ Amira, Dan (February 16, 2011). "Rick Santorum Has Come to Terms With His Google Problem". New York magazine. ISSN 0028-7369.
  20. 1 2 Interview with Rick Santorum", The Daily Rundown, MSNBC, June 9, 2011.
  21. ↑ McGlynn, Katla (July 27, 2011). "Dan Savage Has A New Name For Rick Santorum". The Huffington Post.
  22. ↑ Rovzar, Chris (July 28, 2011). "Dan Savage Threatens to Re-Define Rick Santorum's First Name, Too". New York magazine. ISSN 0028-7369.
  23. ↑ Savage, Dan (August 17, 2011). "Savage Love: www.humpseattle.com". The Stranger. ISSN 1935-9004. The definition I proposed in my video was a little too long and involved, so I vote for adopting yours, HTH.
  24. ↑ Savage, Dan (January 11, 2012). "Savage Love: Santorum Surges". The Stranger. ISSN 1935-9004. To "rick" is to remove something with your tongue—the "r" from "remove", the "ick" from "lick"...
  25. ↑ Grunwald, Michael (May 17, 2011). "Rick Santorum: The GOP's Most Undervalued Presidential Candidate". Time. Retrieved December 1, 2011. The “serious” Republican candidates for President, apparently,...
  26. ↑ Flock, Elizabeth (April 20, 2011). "Should we have a right to be forgotten online?". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 1, 2011. Spain's Data Protection Agency has caved to the demands...
  27. ↑ Kors, Joshua (May 8, 2011). "Q&A With Dan Savage: On Obama, Fox News' Shepard Smith and Success of 'It Gets Better' Project". The Huffington Post. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  28. ↑ "Most Outrageous", American Dialect Society, January 7, 2005, p. 2.
  29. ↑ Sheidlower, Jesse (January 11, 2005). "Linguists Gone Wild! Why "wardrobe malfunction" wasn't the word of the year". Slate. We dismissed one potential problem—that newspapers wouldn't print the term if it won—on the grounds that we shouldn't censor ourselves. And indeed, in the afternoon's voting, santorum did win, but many newspapers simply skipped this category in their coverage.
  30. ↑ "Santorum", Google Current, July 15, 2006.
  31. ↑ Stewart, Jon. "Indecision 2006: No-Mentum", The Daily Show, July 12, 2006.
  32. ↑ Colbert, Stephen. "Rick Santorum Internet Search", The Colbert Report, February 21, 2011.
  33. ↑ Dalzell, Tom; Victor, Terry, eds. (2006). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English. 1. Routledge. pp. x–xi. ISBN 978-0-415-21258-8. OL 7486776M. An example of deliberate coining is the word 'santorum', purported to mean 'a frothy mixture of lube and fecal matter that is sometimes the byproduct of anal sex'. In point of fact, the term is the child of a one-man campaign by syndicated sex columnist Dan Savage to place the term in wide usage. From its appearance in print and especially on the Internet, one would assume, incorrectly, that the term has gained wide usage.
  34. ↑ Dalzell, Tom; Victor, Terry, eds. (2007). The Concise New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-21259-5. LCCN 2007028776. OL 10187548M.
  35. ↑ Budoff, Carrie (July 27, 2006). "No thanks, Casey donor told". Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 6, 2006.
  36. ↑ Cohen, Noam (September 25, 2011). "Dealing With an Identity Hijacked on the Online Highway". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.
  37. ↑ Heer, Jeet (January 6, 2012). "Can Rick Santorum become U.S. president if his name isn't even safe for kids to Google?". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
  38. ↑ Peoples, Steve (February 16, 2011). "Santorum Talks About Longtime Google Problem". Roll Call.
  39. ↑ Moody, Chris (April 28, 2011). "Santorum says he has no plans to fix his 'Google problem'". The Daily Caller.
  40. ↑ David Edwards (June 9, 2011). "Santorum hopes Google will do something about 'filth on the Internet'". The Raw Story. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
  41. ↑ "Dan Savage and His Obscene Attack". ricksantorum.com. Archived from the original on October 9, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2011. I can only imagine if this happened to a liberal. Maher and his friends in the Mainstream Media would hit the roof—and rightly so! But when it happens to a conservative, they applaud and laugh.
  42. ↑ McNichol, Tom (January 22, 2004). "Your Message Here". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.
  43. ↑ Wilson, Chris (July 1, 2011). "Lube Job: Should Google associate Rick Santorum's name with anal sex?". Slate. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
  44. 1 2 3 McMorris-Santoro, Evan (September 20, 2011). "Search Engine Expert: Rick Santorum's New Crusade Against Google Is Total Nonsense". Talking Points Memo.
  45. ↑ Rolph, Amy (September 22, 2011). "Rick Santorum wants Google to take down 'frothy mix' definition". Seattle Post Intelligencer.
  46. ↑ Zorn, Eric (September 21, 2011). "Poor Rick S@ntorum". Chicago Tribune.
  47. ↑ Nance, Penny Young (2011). "Google's Hypocritical Anti-Bully Pulpit". Fox News. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
  48. ↑ Albanesius, Chloe (September 26, 2011). "Santorum's 'Google Problem' Persists, Should Link Be Removed?". PC Magazine. ISSN 0888-8507.
  49. ↑ Santorum's embarrassing 'Google problem' no longer No. 1 By Helen A. S. Popkin, MSBNC
  50. ↑ Connelly, Joel (February 29, 2012). "'Spreading Santorum' vanishes from Google". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
  51. ↑ Noam Cohen, "Santorum’s Persistent Google Problem", The New York Times, March 1, 2012
  52. 1 2 Bingham, Amy (March 1, 2012), "Santorum's Google Problem: Nasty Definition Sinks in Search", ABC News, retrieved March 3, 2012
  53. ↑ Sullivan, Danny (March 8, 2012). "Santorum's Changing "Google Problem"—& Search Engine Land—Make The Rachel Maddow Show". Search Engine Land. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
  54. ↑ Ian Sherr and Geoffrey A. Fowler (February 29, 2012). "Rick Santorum's Google Problem Subsides". The Wall Street Journal.
  55. 1 2 Miranda Miller (March 1, 2012). "Spreading Santorum Loses Its Frothy Spot Atop Google". Search Engline Land.

External links

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