Bristol Tramways

Bristol Tramways

The Tramways Centre
Locale	England
Dates of operation	1875–1941
Headquarters	Bristol

A scale model of an 1899 Bristol electric tram. Note that the driver stood in the open.

Bristol tramways were operated from 1875, when the Bristol Tramways Company was formed by Sir George White, until 1941 when a Luftwaffe bomb destroyed the main power supply cables.

History

The first trams in Bristol (horse-drawn, with a maximum speed of 6 miles per hour) were introduced in 1875. Electric trams were introduced in 1895, the first city to do so in the United Kingdom. At its peak there were 17 routes and 237 tramcars in use.

In 1887 the Bristol Tramways Company merged with the Bristol Cab Company to form the Bristol Tramways and Carriage Company. The new company developed a fleet of omnibuses to serve the rest of the city and country areas. In 1912 it bought the Clifton Rocks Railway. In 1929 the White family sold its controlling interest in the company to the Great Western Railway, but by 1932 control had passed to the Thomas Tilling Group. William Verdon Smith (nephew of Sir George White) remained as chairman but was replaced in 1935 by J.F. Heaton of Thomas Tilling, so he could concentrate on the Bristol Aeroplane Company.

In 1937 control of Bristol's tramways passed to a joint committee of the Bristol Tramways company and Bristol Corporation.

Closure

Abandonment of the tramways began in 1938, but this was halted at the outbreak of World War II. Tram operations ceased in 1941 with the Luftwaffe's Good Friday raid, which set central Bristol on fire. A bomb hit Counterslip bridge, St Philips, next to the Tramways generating centre, and severed the tram power supply. The final tram from Old Market to Kingswood was given a push by passers-by and freewheeled its way into the depot.

Almost all Bristol's trams were scrapped; however, one is preserved by the Bristol Aero Collection which closed its museum at Kemble in May 2012 but expects to re-open in due course at Filton, Bristol.^[1] Another memorial to the system is a length of tram track still embedded in St Mary Redcliffe churchyard, where it was blown by a bomb. Two lengths of intact track can be seen at the car park of the Gloucester Road Medical Centre, and a short section of track still exists on the approach to Temple Meads railway station. Another section of track used to be still in place near Castle Park, but this was lost when the area was redeveloped as part of the Cabot Circus development.

The Bristol Tramways company continued as a bus operator, but the name was not changed to Bristol Omnibus Company until 1957.

Routes

Bristol Tramways

Legend 6Filton Kingswood Depot Kingswood13 6Filton Park Hanham13 2Westbury on Trym Horfield railway station 5,6Horfield Barracks Staple Hill Depot Staple Hill14 Henleaze Two Mile Hill13 Staple Hill railway station 5,6Horfield Horfield Depot Whites Hill13 2Church Road Ashley Hill Whiteway13 Fishponds7,14 1,3,4Durdham Downs St George Depot St George, Bristol13,16 Upper Eastville 1,3,4Zetland Road Clifton Down/Redland Montpellier Church Road13,16 Eastville depot Eastville3,7,14 Stapleton Road3,7,14 Lawrence Hill13,16 Old Market Street16 North Street Whitson Street Stores Whitson Street Broad Quay Tramways Centre 9Hotwells River Avon River Avon Bristol Bridge8,9,10,11,12,15 Bristol Docks Bristol Temple Meads Bristol Temple Meads station8,9,10,15 New Cut New Cut Totterdown9,10,15 Arnos Vale9 11,12Bedminster Knowle10,15 Bedminster depot Brislington works To Portishead 11Ashton Gate 12Bedminster Down Brislington9 South to Weston super Mare, Taunton & Exeter

The electric tram routes were not numbered until November 1913. They were then numbered as follows:^[2]

1. Tramways Centre – Whiteladies Road – Durdham Downs

2. Tramways Centre – Whiteladies Road – Durdham Downs – Westbury

3. Eastville – Old Market – Whiteladies Road – Durdham Downs

4. Tramways Centre – Zetland Road – Durdham Downs

5. Tramways Centre – Ashley Down Road – Horfield Barracks

6. Tramways Centre – Ashley Down Road – Horfield Barracks – Filton Park – Filton

7. Tramways Centre – Warwick Road – Eastville – Fishponds

8. Tramways Centre – Temple Meads Station

9. Hotwells – Tramways Centre – Temple Meads Station – Arno's Vale – Depot – Brislington

10. Bristol Bridge – Knowle

11. Bristol Bridge – Ashton Road

12. Bristol Bridge – Bedminster Depot – Bedminster Down

13. Tramways Centre – Old Market – St. George – Whiteway Rd – Kingswood

14. Zetland Road – Old Market – Eastville – Fishponds – Staple Hill

15. Knowle – Bushy Park – Old Market – St. George – Marling Road – Nags Head Hill – Hanham

16. Old Market – St George

17. Hotwells – Tramways Centre – Temple Meads Station

Note that:

• Route 1 was withdrawn and absorbed into 2.
• Route 8 was withdrawn and absorbed into 9.
• Route 13 for a while, did not run to the Tramways Centre but terminated at Old Market.
• Route 16. was a busy-period route only and was absorbed into 13 and 15.
• Route 17 ran to meet the P and A Campbell steamers and was withdrawn at the same time as Route 8
• Trams did not actually run along Ashley Down Rd., Marling Rd., or Whiteway Road, and route 14 did not enter Zetland Rd.
• From 1902 to 1905, the route from Hanham, having reached Old Market, was extended to the Tramways Centre.

References

External links

• History of Bristol Tramways
• "BT&CC tram map, 1911". Bristol Vintage Bus Group. Retrieved 2 March 2011. 
• The Tramways of Gloucestershire: A Brief History, by A.E. Fielder (1973)
• Potted history of attempts to resurrect trams in Bristol
• History of LTRA development and closure
• Tram routes plotted on Google Maps
• Bristol Tramways at British Tramway Company Badges and Buttons