Bavarian S 2/5

Bavarian S 2/5
DRG Class 14.1
Number(s) DRG 14 141–145
Quantity 10
Manufacturer Maffei
Year(s) of manufacture 1904
Retired by 1927
Wheel arrangement 4-4-2
Axle arrangement 2'B1' n4v
Type S 25.16
Gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
Length over buffers 19,275 mm
Empty weight 62.2 6
Service weight 68.6 t
Adhesive weight 32.0 t
Axle load 16.0 t
Top speed 110 km/h
Driving wheel diameter 2,000 mm
Leading wheel diameter 950 mm
Trailing wheel diameter 1,206 mm
No. of cylinders 4
LP cylinder bore 570 mm
HP cylinder bore 340 mm
Piston stroke 640 mm
Boiler Overpressure 16 bar
No. of heating tubes 278
Grate area 3.27 m²
Radiative heating area 14.5 m²
Tube heating area 191 m²
Evaporative heating area 205.50 m²
Tender Bavarian 2'2' T 21
Water capacity 21.0 m³
Fuel 7 t
Train control Walschaerts (Heusinger)

The Class S 2/5 express locomotives of the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staats-Eisenbahnen) were the first steam engines in Germany to be built with full-length bar frames (durchgehendem Barrenrahmen). The prototypes for this type of frame were the two locomotives imported in 1900 from Baldwin Locomotive Works in the USA, that had been similarly classified as the S 2/5.

History

In 1904, Maffei built ten engines that shared many of the same components as the S 3/5, which was developed in parallel. For example, they did not use a wider firebox, which would have been possible given the wheel arrangement, in order to be able to use one that could be used on the S 3/5. So the firebox was only around 90 mm wider than the bar frame of the locomotive. For manufacturing reasons the sole bar was still not made of one piece, but forged from several bars.

For the first time in Bavaria a driving wheel diameter of 2,000 mm was chosen instead of the 1,870 mm diameter hitherto the norm for express train locomotives. Like the locomotives imported from the United States, they had a four-cylinder compound engine. However the usual European (von Borries) configuration with two inside and two outside cylinders was used instead of the Vauclain compound system.

On test runs, one of the locomotives reached 135 km/h; in normal use, 110 km/h was the top speed. The locomotives were initially stabled at Munich I shed and hauled such famous trains as the Orient Express and the North-South Express, amongst others. But, as on all German Atlantics the traction of the two driven axles was soon insufficient. The S 2/5 was not blessed with a long time in service, although the locomotive had very good riding qualities and was seen as a genuinely fast runner.

In 1910 the locomotives went across to the Palatine network to Ludwigshafen shed and also to the Nuremberg repair shop. In 1922 only eight S 2/5 engines remained. The Deutsche Reichsbahn took over just five locomotives as the Class  14.1, numbered 14 141–145. They were retired in 1927.

The locomotives had Bavarian 2'2' T 21 tenders.

See also

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