Cyril Flower, 1st Baron Battersea

"The Senator". Caricature by T published in Vanity Fair in 1882.
Ethel Grenfell, Baroness Desborough photographed by Lord Battersea

Cyril Flower, 1st Baron Battersea (30 August 1843 – 27 November 1907) was a British Liberal politician and patron of art.[1]

Background and education

Flower was the eldest of five sons of Philip William Flower, of Furze Down, Streatham, Surrey, and his wife Mary, daughter of Jonathan Flower. He was born at Tooting in the 18th century Hill House and later lived in Streatham, both of which were rural environs at the time. He was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge, and was called to the Bar, Inner Temple, in 1870.[2] As well as exceptional good looks, it was said he possessed a genius for friendship,[3] and an 'irresistable charm' that made everyone 'want to pet him'.[4]

His father had earlier established a successful merchant house in Sydney, Australia. In 1838, Philip William Flower, and brother sailed to Australia in order to establish themselves as merchants in Sydney. In 1842 the partnership of Flower, Salting & Co was formed, shipping wool, tallow and gold to London. In 1842/3, Philip returned to London, the other end of the firm’s shipping routes, leaving his brother to oversee operations in Sydney. Upon his return to London, Philip, formed the firm of P.W. Flower and Co., and his property included Collier’s Quay and other London wharves. From 1867, and with other partners, Philip began developing part of the newly-laid-out Victoria Street in Westminster, St Philips Square was named by Philip Flower as was St Philip’s Church in its centre, which was consecrated in July 1870.

Property development

Like his father, Flower also became involved in property development, and took on the development of Battersea's Park Town after the death of his father in 1872 (James Knowles, Junior was architect and surveyor for this development). Park Town was the lozenge-shaped estate running either side of Queens Road (now Queenstown Road), which extended from Battersea Park Road to Wandsworth Road. He also developed the mansion blocks lining the south side Prince of Wales Drive, London.

In 1888 Flower and his wife acquired two cottages at Overstrand for the purposes of creating a holiday home. In 1897 their architect, Edwin Lutyens, rebuilt and joined them to form a large mansion in extensive gardens, 'The Pleasaunce'.[5]

Political career

Portrait of Cyril Flower (1872), by Frederick Sandys.

Aided by his wife's fortune, in 1880 Flower entered Parliament for Brecon, a seat he held until 1885 when the constituency was abolished, and then represented Luton until 1892. He served briefly as a Junior Lord of the Treasury from February to July 1886 in the third Liberal administration of William Ewart Gladstone. He was widely referred to as "the most handsome man in the House of Commons",[6] and was a great favourite of Gladstone[7] who, in 1892, raised him to the peerage as Baron Battersea of Battersea in the County of London and of Overstrand in the County of Norfolk.[8] He took the motto Flores curat Deus ("God cares for the flowers").[9] In 1898 Battersea was offered the governorship of New South Wales. However he sacrificially turned it down due the separation it would have imposed on Lady Battersea from her mother, who also enjoyed his company.[10]

Patron of the arts

Apart from his property development and political career he was also a great collector and patron of art. He was a patron of James McNeill Whistler and was involved with the Pre-Raphaelite set. His bedroom in his London residence was of the few interiors completed by Carlo Bugatti.[11]

Painting by Cecil Gordon Lawson (1851-1882), 'Strayed', oil-on-canvas, 1878 (26 x 24 inches). A picture by an artist first patronized by Battersea, once in his collection.[12]

Personal life

In 1877 Battersea married Constance, daughter of Sir Anthony de Rothschild, whom he met in 1864 through his friendship with her cousin, Leopold de Rothschild.[13] The marriage was childless. Battersea favoured men: a close friend and possible lover was the psychical researcher Frederic W. H. Myers.[4] Other friends included Henry James and Sir Edward Burne-Jones. There are indications that Lady Battersea disapproved of some of his friends,[14] and in her memoirs she cautiously comments that she had intuitively felt that "some of the very ardent and sudden likings he occasionally took to certain persons might lead to misplaced friendship".[13]

Battersea maintained a broad range of other interests, as a politician, art collector, sportsman, and photographer, and had a love for decoration and had a love for bright colour, both in his houses and on his person. At Overstrand he was described as appearing "a gorgeous vision of pale blue, sea-green, or rose-coloured silk".[15] Wrote another: "He is a handsome man, but at times affects costumes which would make him more at home in the pages of Ouida than in scenes of ordinary life."[7]

In 1902 Battersea became embroiled in a homosexual scandal.[16] The matter was brought to the attention of Edward VII who averted prosecution of Battersea, but decided on his social banishment,[17] which forced him into retirement.

Lord and Lady Battersea were noted for their philanthropy towards the working class, and following her husband's enforced retirement, Lady Battersea devoted most of her time and vast wealth to improving the living conditions of female prisoners; her work was recognised by her appointment by the Government to a prison board.[18]

Battersea died from pneumonia in November 1907, aged 64, when the barony became extinct. One obituarist was drawn to reflect: "Lord Battersea has for the last few years lived so entirely beyond the ken of society that the demise of this once so popular, handsome, and gifted man has attracted no attention, beyond a quiet expression that his death was a happy release for the kindly and philanthropic woman who had taken his name and given him her fortune."[18] However, Lady Battersea's memoirs make plain her admiration for her husband, her enjoyment of his career, and their mutual interests.

Lady Battersea died in November 1931.

Notes

  1. ↑ The Pleasaunce history Retrieved 9 July 2012
  2. ↑ "Flower, Cyril (post Baron Battersea) (FLWR863CB)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  3. ↑ Battersea, Constance de Rothschild Flower Reminiscences, Macmillan and Co, 1922 p178; https://archive.org/details/reminiscences00battgoog
  4. 1 2 Hamilton, Trevor (2009). Immortal Longings: FWH Myers and the Victorian Search for Life After Death. Imprint Academic. pp. 23, 181, 184.
  5. ↑ "The Pleasaunce, Overstrand". Historic England.
  6. ↑ Waller, David The Magnificent Mrs. Tennant: The Adventurous Life of Gertrude Tennant,Yale University Press, 2009, p253
  7. 1 2 People In The Public Eye, Weekly Mail, 21 May 1904; http://newspapers.library.wales/view/3376851/3376855/96/
  8. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 26323. p. 5090. 6 September 1892.
  9. ↑ English Family Mottos, Evening Star (Washington DC), 24 October 1902
  10. ↑ Battersea, Constance de Rothschild Flower Reminiscences, Macmillan and Co, 1922 p826; https://archive.org/details/reminiscences00battgoog
  11. ↑ "Carlo Bugatti | Desk | The Met". The Metropolitan Museum of Art, i.e. The Met Museum. Retrieved 2016-08-19.
  12. ↑ Margot Asquith
  13. 1 2 Battersea, Constance de Rothschild Flower Reminiscences, Macmillan and Co, 1922; https://archive.org/details/reminiscences00battgoog
  14. ↑ Wilson, Derek A. Rothschild: A Story of Wealth and Power, André Deutsch, London 1988. (Revised edition 1994) p265
  15. ↑ Lord Battersea, South Wales Daily News, 6 December 1898; http://newspapers.library.wales/view/3741633/3741636/11/
  16. ↑ Ridley, Jane Edwin Lutyens: His Life, His Wife, His Work, Pimlico, 2003, p102
  17. ↑ Cook, Matt (2008). London and the Culture of Homosexuality, 1885-1914. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 68. ISBN 9780521089807.
  18. 1 2 Letter of the Marquise de Fontenoy (pseud. Marguerite Cunliffe-Owen), Chicago Tribune Dec. 4, 1907; http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1907/12/04/page/8/article/marquise-de-fontenoy

References

External links

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
James Price William Gwynne-Holford		 Member of Parliament for Brecon
1880–1885 		Constituency abolished
New constituency Member of Parliament for Luton
1885–1892 		Succeeded by
Samuel Howard Whitbread
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation Baron Battersea
1892–1907 		Title extinct
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/2/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.