Algo Centre Mall

Algo Centre Mall

Rescue efforts at Algo Centre Mall
Location Elliot Lake, Ontario, Canada
Coordinates 46°23′04″N 82°39′00″W / 46.38444°N 82.65000°W / 46.38444; -82.65000Coordinates: 46°23′04″N 82°39′00″W / 46.38444°N 82.65000°W / 46.38444; -82.65000
Address 151 Ontario Avenue
Opening date August 1980 [1]
Closing date 2012
Developer Algocen Realty Holdings Ltd.
Management Rhonda Bear
Owner Eastwood Mall Incorporated, Toronto (2005-present)
Elliot Lake Retirement Living (1999-2005)
Algocen Realty Holdings Limited (1980-1999) [2]
Architect James Keywan
No. of stores and services 50
No. of anchor tenants 3
Total retail floor area 190,000 sq ft.[3] (17,600 m2)
No. of floors 2 (retails)
2 (hotel)
Parking Ground level and roof
Website Archive of website

The Algo Centre Mall (legally Eastwood Mall since 2005 but almost never referred to as such) was a mall and hotel located in the middle of Elliot Lake, Ontario's commercial district on Highway 108.[3] It was the largest commercial complex in the area. When the community was hit by uranium mine closures in the 1990s, the complex gradually refocused, hosting multiple services, such as a library, constituency offices, and public health offices. In recent years, many businesses located in the mall either closed or moved to outside locations. Still, the mall was a community hub, with most of the area's clothing stores and its largest grocery store, employing upwards of 250 local residents. It accounted for 10% of community's retail space and 6% of the total wages.[4]

The mall was plagued by structural problems and leaks throughout its history.[5] It underwent a partial structural failure on June 23, 2012, when a 12m x 24m (39'-by-79') segment of the rooftop parking deck collapsed into the building, crashing through the upper level lottery kiosk adjacent to the food court and escalators to the ground floor below. More than 20 people received non-life-threatening injuries and two people died in the collapse.[6] An investigation and class action lawsuits into the collapse are ongoing and the mall has been demolished.

History

Algocen Realty Holdings Ltd., the real estate branch on the Algoma Central Railway first commissioned The Algo Centre Mall project. The project was subsequently approved by the Ontario Municipal Board in 1978, with an estimated cost of $10 million. Construction then began in 1979 with the project being finished the next year.[7] The 80-room Algo Inn, the town's largest hotel and retirement residence, was also built into the mall.[3][8] In its first year, 1980, the mall featured Woolco, Dominion, and Shoppers Drug Mart, and a total of 35 units.[9][10] A distinct architectural feature of the building was rooftop parking.[11]

After the closure of the uranium mines in Elliot Lake, in 1990, the revenue prospects of the mall dropped sharply, with no recovery in sight. This prompted the Algoma Central Company to write off over $5 million in lost property value, despite 98% occupancy.[12]

In 1996, a report commissioned by the Town, Downtown Core and Industrial Area Improvements, presented a less-than-favourable assessment of the structure's exterior:

A very significant building within the downtown core is formed by the Algo Mall/Algo Inn. Situated above Ontario Avenue and fronted by parking lots, this large building is clad mostly in brown prefinished metal siding. The entrances are remote and do not address the street. The scale of the building, its introverted nature and the lack of tactile materials, detail, and transparency at the pedestrian level, do little to contribute to the urban environment. The Mall and the Hotel are a terrific amenities and likely contribute greatly to the attraction of shoppers and visitors to the downtown core, but the design is less than sensitive to its urban environment.[13]

The final owners, Eastwood Incorporated, acquired the company in August 2005 for the price of $6.2 million. Owned by Bob Nazarian, his firm was registered in 1994 as a numbered company. At various points, the company has owned strip malls in Kitchener and London, Ontario.[14] Algo had retained Marino Locations Limited to redevelop the property "to accommodate new specialty retailers and possible new anchor/big-box retailers that are not yet in the market. The possibility for exterior pads also exists on the surrounding lands."[3] (Read Jones Christoffersen Ltd. also performed a redevelopment feasibility study on the mall in late 2010, early 2011; part of the cost was not repaid.)[14] Between August 2005 and June 2012, the mall had a series of five managers.[15]

Along with the Algo Inn and numerous independent stores and services, the mall includes:

At some point in the summer of 2008, a location of SAAN, a department store, closed.[19] The Bargain! Shop purchased the brand in August of that year, taking over some leaseholds. In September that year, Mayor Rick Hamilton located his campaign office at the mall.[20] In January 2009, the Elliot Lake Model Railroad Club opened at the local civic centre, moving from the mall.[21] In 2010, a new Shoppers Drug Mart opened away from the mall, more than doubling the 7,000 feet (2,100 m) unit it had at Algo.[22] The mall was offered for sale in 2010, for $9.9 million, an increase of $3.7 million from the purchase price five years prior.[15] In 2011, the hotel office was victim of a break-and-enter, with an attempt to do the same at Zellers.[23]

The mall hosted car shows,[24] charity head shavings,[25] antique appraisals,[26] promotions for community events,[27] an annual rocking chair marathon for charity,[28] amongst other community events.

Despite the centre's issues, it remained a community hub; the mayor notes that it was both the social centre of the community, and residents would visit weekly, and in some cases daily.[29]

Structural problems

By 1990, the mall was already regularly plagued with leaks and water damage.[30][31]

The Elliot Lake Standard reported in 2008 on "greater than normal" leaks causing damages to multiple units. Starlight Cafe closed permanently, despite being profitable soon after opening, as customers would occasionally need umbrellas to stand at the take-out counter. Drip-tarps installed by the mall in the kitchen of the restaurant were ineffective. The cafe owner was not made aware of the leaks before starting her lease in 2007,[31] and was successful in a lawsuit against the owner.[14] Scotiabank had closed for a few weeks in 2008 as a precaution.[31][32] (Scotiabank began construction on a new location in July 2011, to replace their mall location.)[33] Some businesses suggested that additional leaks started after the new owner started repairs to the roof. Tenants noticed a reduced amount of traffic after leaks started, and buckets were scattered throughout the mall.[31]

In 2009, leaks in the mall roof and mold caused Elliot Lake city councilors to consider moving the Elliot Lake Public Library out of the mall[34] and back to the Solomon Building, where it had been before 1992.[31][35] Many books were damaged, despite library staff using tarps to cover shelves. At some points, entire sections were blocked for public health reasons.[31] Much of the leaking was said to be corrected, before council considered the issue, and an environmental study was completed. Some library board members and councilors worried that liability insurance wouldn't cover them in the mall, despite reassurances by library management and the city's insurance broker. With a multi-use complex in the works, some of the library board was concerned with a five-year lease that mall management was pursuing, despite the library's preference for a 2.5-year lease. In the end, the library remained at the mall.[34]

Some tenants suggest that mall business owners were said to not be vocal about their disappointments, unless "water is dripping right on their head (or) if the water is destroying their business";[31] conversely, one previous mall manager suggests he was called daily by tenants about the issue, before 2008 repairs started.[15] The owner was aware of the mall's roof problems when purchasing the facility, and suggested there would be renovations to the mall, but would not commit to a date for completing roof repairs or interior upgrades.[31] Ultimately, over $1 million was spent in an attempt to repair the roof.[36] Architect John Clinckett of Kitchener was hired to oversee the project; Canadian Construction Controls of Breslau declined to bid to install a membrane created by Carlisle Syntec Systems. Taking issue with the $1 million cost, Nazarian cancelled the project, hiring Peak Restoration;[15] only a fraction of Peak's $823,657 worth of work was paid for, and the lien expired in 2010.[14] The mall manager left soon after, in summer 2008, suggesting that he believes mall maintenance staff were set to repair the roof.[15] In spite of the issues, the mall would use the roof for events. In 2011 and 2012, it served as the site for the Heart and Stroke Foundation's Big Bike ride.[24][37]

In summer 2011, a piece of concrete fell through the ceiling at a mall restaurant, Hungry Jack's. Reports were filed with the mall manager and the city, with an inspector scheduled to visit two weeks following the incident. The inspector did not show, and mall management did not reply. Hungry Jack's is near to the eventual mall roof collapse.[15] Mall owners continued repair and maintenance work in 2012, spending $120,000 into repairs within the 12-month period leading up to June 2012. An engineering and structural study "turned up nothing", according to the mall manager.[36] Even after the repair, there were photos of serious interior damage to the mall's roof.[38] A local plumber that had done work for the mall suggested there was obvious signs of water damage, eight months before the collapse.[15] In March 2012, the mall management pleaded guilty in provincial court, after their fire alarms and sprinklers did not meet code.[36] The mall spent $50,000 to upgrade the infrastructure to avoid further fines.[36] The process included adding a new roof to the hotel, gutting the second and third floors, including the hotel lounge.[39]

The problem was very obvious to residents of the town. During the press conference announcing the class-action lawsuit, a resident suggested that some residents had placed "bets" on when the building would collapse.[40] Ontario's Ministry of Labour visited the mall six times in the three years before the collapse.[4][41]

At the 2013 inquest into the roof collapse (see #Government reaction below), testimony has revealed that many unpublicized structural problems at the mall dated all the way back to its initial construction in the late 1970s.[42] In particular, the expansion joint above the escalators, the failure of which appears to have caused the roof deck collapse, was already not properly binding to the concrete, in turn allowing water to seep into the building's seams, as early as 1981 — barely a year after the mall's original opening.[43] The expansion joint was fixed many times, and fully replaced twice, during the building's lifetime, yet always began tearing away from the concrete again shortly after the repairs were complete.[43]

The inquiry did not question or raise concern with the areas of slab removal during original construction in 1980 when escalators were installed after the roof was completed. It is unclear if this was a contributing factor.

2012 roof collapse

Algo Centre Mall roof collapse

Preparing to lift cut the beam, and lift it out.
Time 2:20 pm EDT
Date June 23, 2012 (2012-06-23)
Location Algo Centre Mall
Cause Failure of a weld on a steel connector due to corrosion[44]
Deaths 2 [6]
Non-fatal injuries 22 [45]

At approximately 2:20 pm EDT (1820 GMT) on Saturday, June 23, 2012, part of a 12m x 24m (39'-by-79') segment of the parking deck/roof collapsed at the Algo Centre Mall, sending metal and concrete debris crashing down through two floors of the shopping centre, injuring more than 20 people and resulting in the deaths of two people.[6]

Soon after the collapse, the owners arrived at the mall. A representative spoke on behalf of the owner, stating "I'd rather not [comment], because we have talked to our lawyers and we’re going to be in the City Hall to represent ourselves. But nevertheless, we are very much concerned [about] this accident."[46][47]

By approximately 4:00 pm, local authorities alerted the Commissioner of Community Safety, Dan Hefkey. Hefkey called the Toronto-based Heavy Urban Search and Rescue (HUSAR) at 4:25 pm. The HUSAR crew, after assembling their equipment and travelling the 540 kilometers from Toronto, arrived by 2:00 am Sunday, June 24, and immediately began work.

After initial assessments, the HUSAR team felt they had the proper equipment for the mission. In the early hours of Monday morning, June 25 – and despite discovering signs of life – rescue work was suspended due to the danger of additional concrete falling on the potential survivors and the HUSAR rescuers.[48][49]

Following the announcement, numerous residents of the town began to sign a list volunteering to enter the structure themselves to continue the search;[50] the owners also announced their intention to seek a court injunction ordering the resumption of search and rescue efforts.[51] After an appeal from local MPP Michael Mantha, whose constituency office was in the mall, Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty urged rescue workers to resume their search for survivors.[50]

HUSAR later stated that the rescue teams were continuing to strategize alternate methods during the work suspension, and that the local residents and the Premier's call did not influence their actions.[48] Shortly after 10 p.m. on June 25, approximately 19 hours after the initial search was suspended, HUSAR confirmed that it would resume its efforts, including a willingness to employ "drastic measures",[52] including the use of heavy equipment to pull down the unstable escalator structure and part of an external wall from the outside.[53] Prime Minister Stephen Harper also offered the assistance of the Canadian Forces on June 26.[54]

Two bodies were recovered from the debris on Wednesday, June 27—four days after the collapse.[6]

The area which collapsed included two kiosks.[46] The deceased had been a lottery kiosk employee and her customer. Lucie Aylwin, 37, worked just once a week at the lottery booth, earning extra money for her wedding.[55] Aylwin held a full-time job with Collège Boréal, a French language college, as an employment consultant and recruiter in the college's 'Employment Options Emploi' office, located elsewhere in the Algo Centre Mall.[56] Doloris Perizzolo, 74, was a widow and mother believed to be opening pull-tab lottery tickets, which must be opened in view of the booth operator.[55][57] After the bodies of the two victims were retrieved, and HUSAR confirmed no other victims were trapped in the rubble, efforts shifted to official investigations.[6]

Investigation

On March 8, 2013, the engineering firm NORR, commissioned by the Ontario Provincial Police, released the results of their forensic engineering investigation to the Elliot Lake Inquiry. The investigation found that the collapse was caused by a two-stage failure of the welding on a connection, due to extensive corrosion. The corrosion was caused by improper waterproofing and the placement of a parking lot on the roof, which allowed water, contaminated with road salt (which accelerated the corrosion) to corrode the structure.[58]

Oversights and cost-cutting during planning stages

The report states that there were two critical errors made during the planning stages. Firstly, the parking lot for the mall was located on the roof of the building without there being sound waterproofing, and secondly the structural inefficiency of the hollow concrete slabs which prevented the installation of effective waterproofing later on.

John Kadlec of Beta Engineering originally planned the use of 8-inch HCS, which he specified could withstand 120 pounds per square foot, a load which exceeded specifications on all 8-inch HCS. During the bidding process, the owners were advised by a bidder, Precon, that the specified load could not be handled by the HCS without reinforcements from a composite concrete topping. However, Kadlec advised the owners that the plans called for 8-inch HCS which could withstand the load without reinforcement from topping. The contract was thus awarded to Coreslab, despite Coreslab's design tables indicating that the specified project loads were 38% higher than the maximum load. In 1992, over a decade after the mall's construction, Coreslab retracted the claim to be able to support the load without the use of a composite topping.

Two different waterproofing systems were proposed to the owner by Harry S. Peterson Co. The first system called for a rubberized asphalt membrane to be applied over the non-composite concrete topping, while the second, one called for no membrane, and simply controlling leaks with a polyurethane sealant. The second system reduced initial building costs by $136,000. HSP argued strongly for the second option, and convinced the owner to install the second system. The report called this system "intrinsically flawed", and leaks were noticed immediately after construction.[58]

Leaking

Leaks were noticed immediately after the installation of the topping. Harry S. Peterson Co. attempted many times to fix the leaks. In 1991, the owners contracted Trow to investigate the chronic leaking and find a solution. Two options were provided, but upon consulting with Coreslab, it was determined that neither plans could go forward due to the HCS not being able to support additional loads.[58]

These leaks allowed water to seep through the topping and access the iron frame of the building. This corroded much of the building's frame during the mall's three decades in operation. The corrosion was eventually so severe that the weld on a connection failed, resulting in the collapse.

Inquiry

John Kadlec, a consulting engineer on the original construction, has testified that he raised concerns at the time about sloppy workmanship and inadequate construction materials at the site, including structural columns that were already crooked, steel beams that were already rusting despite being new, and the ultimately fateful decision to place the complex's parking area on the roof.[42] According to Kadlec, the construction company opted to resolve the structural issues not by redoing the construction, but by anchoring the building's back wall to the rock outcropping behind it.[42] James Keywan, the building's original architect, testified that he also strongly objected to the rooftop parking, but had little choice once Algocen made their decision to proceed with that plan.[59]

The son of the mall's owner, admitted that the company had pressured engineers to remove information on leaks and corrosion from a report and that fictional repair invoices from a shell company, Empire Roofing and Restoration, were used to mislead mortgage holder Royal Bank of Canada about the building's condition.[60]

Speakers at the inquiry have also testified that a significant volume of city traffic regularly cut across the roof deck as a bypass of the traffic lights at the corner of Hillside Drive and Ontario Avenue, resulting in more stress on the structure than it had been designed to handle.[43] The NORR report speculated that a heavy vehicle might have contributed to a previously undetected partial failure of the support structure a few months prior to the final collapse.

The inquiry also found that while Perizzolo died almost instantly, Aylwin may have survived for up to 39 hours after the collapse, and may have been found alive if HUSAR had not suspended its rescue operations.[61]

Aftermath

By spring 2013, the entire facility had been demolished.

The province has ordered a review of both HUSAR and Emergency Management Ontario.[48]

The collapse focused attention on the Harper government's cancellation of the Joint Emergency Preparedness Program, which provides funds to Canada's five HUSAR teams. The province and the National Fire Protection Association denounced the cuts.[48] The Canadian Centre for Emergency Preparedness suggested that such cuts would necessitate Canada asking for assistance from the United States in similar situations.[48] Also cancelled by the Conservative federal government was the Canadian Emergency Management College, established in 1954 to train first responders.[48] A spokesperson for Public Safety Minister Vic Toews deflected criticism of the cuts, noting that 90 per cent of emergencies are managed municipally or provincially.[48]

As of the end of June, the economic impact of Algo Centre's closure was unknown, but described by Mayor Rick Hamilton as "huge". Estimates suggest 250 people worked at the mall or hotel.[29] The nearest significant cities to Elliot Lake are Sudbury and Sault Ste. Marie, both over 100 kilometres away by road; residents were said to be fielding requests from others for essentials like clothing, not readily available without the mall. Apart from the mall's Foodland store, there is only one other grocery store, a No Frills, in the city;[29] that store and a nearby video store quickly made efforts to expand their merchandise selections to include some clothing items.[62]

The Elliot Lake & District Chamber of Commerce has established a committee to help retailers from the building; at one meeting, Premier McGuinty assured that they'd remove rigid program requirements for assistance programs.[29] The East Algoma Community Futures Development Corporation approved interest free "transitional loans" of up to $25,000 for affected businesses.[29] TD Bank's local branch contributed $10,000 to the Elliot Lake Food Bank.[63] Foodland announced it will rebuild, and pay employees up to six months wages during the process.[29]

Mall owner Nazarian received death threats, which pushed him into hiding, and a class action lawsuit had already been launched by June 28, according to his lawyer.[40]

John Pomerleau, owner of Alternative Funeral Service which is located in the Algo Centre Mall said in July that more than 30 cremation urns were still trapped in the mall and it was unknown if or when they could be recovered.[64]

The Algo Centre Mall may contain asbestos which may have been released during the collapse and rescue demolition of the mall.[65]

Foodland leased the city's Collins Hall recreational facility for conversion into a temporary grocery store, which opened in October 2012.[66] Foodland's permanent new store opened at Pearson Plaza on April 1, 2016;[67] the Collins Hall facility will now be converted back to recreational use, with several of the chain's structural improvements to the building — including upgrades to the lighting system and improvements to the building's accessibility for people with disabilities — remaining in place as a donation to the city.[66]

The public library branch, as well as some government offices which had been located at the mall, were temporarily relocated to the former White Mountain Academy of the Arts.[68]

Government reaction

The Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) is assisting the coroner's office in investigating the two deaths. Once completed, the OPP could launch a criminal investigation, if warranted.[41] The Ministry of Labour will have an engineer examine for further structural problems, and thus whether the mall needs to be torn down.[69] Investigating the cause of the collapse is the city's responsibility.[69]

Global News reporter Jennifer Tryon attempted to file a Freedom of Information request for documents on June 29, but was refused; an employee came out from the back of the offices, and turned the City Clerk's chair around, so that they couldn't respond. City officials then called the OPP. After the request, the city issued a two line statement that documents are now part of investigations. OPP noted that the documents are still available through Freedom of Information requests, and that the situation likely didn't warrant an emergency call to police.[69] The reporter was provided a FOI application on police arrival, and told to ignore instructions from their superiors on calling police.[70] Tryon, producer Kieron O'Dea and cameraman Trevor Owens would later receive a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Breaking National News Reportage at the 1st Canadian Screen Awards.

A public inquiry was established on July 19, 2012 by the Government of Ontario.[71] The inquiry itself started March 4, 2013.[72] As part of the inquiry, portions of a 700-page engineering report (Norr report) into the collapse were made public.[73]

Lawsuit

On June 28, four days after the collapse, the mall owner's lawyer stated that a class action lawsuit had already been launched.[40]

A class action lawsuit was launched by Elaine Quinte and Jack Quinte, who owned Hungry Jack's in the mall. The lawsuit lists Algo Centre Mall, Eastwood Mall Inc., Robert Nazarian, the City of Elliot Lake, the Province of Ontario, and the unnamed engineer "who approved the structure of the mall a short time prior to this incident."[4][74]

Demolition

Local area MPP Michael Mantha raised concerns that confidential records must be extracted, such as those from the public health department. He expressed concern that the information might end up in the local landfill. Documents were never extracted from Algo Mall.

Many health, social assistance and Service Canada files were found at the city landfill. Documents found among the rubble by a private source said to be photocopies of clients drivers licenses, social insurance numbers, health cards and birth certificates. The private source never removed any documents from the landfill site, although it is unknown if anyone else entered the landfill site after hours while the demolition was progressing. [75]

Political impact

The inquiry's final report was released just 12 days before the 2014 municipal election.[76] Ongoing anger over city council's handling of the Algo Centre Mall resulted in incumbent mayor Rick Hamilton and two incumbent city councillors who ran against him for the mayoralty being defeated by political newcomer Dan Marchisella,[77] and only one seat on city council was won by an incumbent councillor.[78]

Criminal trial

Robert Wood, the engineer who signed off on the engineering report declaring the mall structurally sound just a few weeks before the roof collapse, was charged with two counts of criminal negligence causing death and one count of criminal negligence causing bodily harm.[79] According to the inquiry, Wood had previously indicated in conversation that he was aware that the roof was at risk of caving in, but altered his final report at Nazarian's request so that the structural issues did not jeopardize the building's refinancing.[79] His trial began in September 2016.

New mall

A new shopping mall, given the tentative/construction name Pearson Plaza, is being built less than a kilometre south of Algo Centre Mall, on the site of the former Nordic Hotel (later Huron Lodge) at Hillside Drive South and Ontario Avenue.[80] The first store in the new mall officially opened on April 1, 2016.[67]

References

  1. ↑ Old Time Trains (2004). "Algocen Realty". Retrieved 2012-06-27.
  2. ↑ R.F. Jeffreys; B. Sanders, eds. (13 Dec 2012), "Interim Engineering Collapse" (PDF), The Elliot Lake Inquiry, Ontario Ministry of Labour
  3. 1 2 3 4 "The Algo Centre Mall". Marino Locations Limited. Toronto ON. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 "$30m lawsuit filed in mall roof collapse". The Chronicle-Herald. Halifax NS. Canadian Press. 7 July 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  5. ↑
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "Elliot Lake mall roof collapse: Two bodies recovered from debris". Toronto Star, June 27, 2012.
  7. ↑ Ougler, Jeffery (27 June 2012). "Problems plagued Algo Centre Mall for years". The Sault Star. Retrieved 2012-06-27.
  8. ↑
  9. ↑ "Classified ad 'Algo Centre, Elliot Lake'". The Toronto Star. Toronto ON. 7 May 1980. p. B15.
  10. ↑ "Classified ad 'Algo Centre, Elliot Lake'". The Globe and Mail. Toronto ON. 29 April 1980. p. 55.
  11. ↑ Criger, Erin (23 June 2012). "State of emergency in Elliot Lake after rooftop parking lot collapses". CityNews. Toronto ON. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  12. ↑ Annual Report 1992 (PDF). Sault Ste Marie, ON: Algo Central Corporation. 1992. p. 8. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  13. ↑ Bywater Mitchell Architects Incorporated; Commonwealth Historic Resources Management Ltd. (October 1996). "Final Report, Downtown Core and Industrial Area Improvements, Elliot Lake, Ontario" (PDF). Elliot Lake. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  14. 1 2 3 4 Morrow, Adrian (26 June 2012). "Elliot Lake mall owner sued for leaky roof before collapse". The Globe and Mail. Toronto ON. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Nicol, John (29 June 2012). "Elliot Lake mall patched 'on the cheap,' ex-manager says". CBC.ca. Toronto ON. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
  16. ↑ McSheffrey, Kevin (18 November 2009). "'Twas the Night Before Christmas to entertain guests, residents". The Standard. Elliot Lake ON. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  17. ↑ Pkg Ie Managing: A Competency Based Approach - Hellriegel, Jackson, Slocum - Google Books. Books.google.ca. 2007-02-02. ISBN 9780324421408. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  18. ↑ Quesnel, Shannon (23 September 2011). "Elliot Lake Zellers to stay Zellers". The Standard. Elliot Lake ON. QMI Agency. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  19. ↑ Quesnel, Shannon (5 June 2008). "SAAN store to close doors". The Standard. Elliot Lake ON. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  20. ↑ McSheffrey, Kevin (29 September 2010). "Hamilton hits campaign trail with opening of headquarters". The Standard. Elliot Lake ON. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  21. ↑ McSheffrey, Kevin (21 January 2009). "Arts/culture open house exceeded expectations, says co-ordinator". The Standard. Elliot Lake ON. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  22. ↑ McSheffrey, Kevin (24 November 2010). "New Shoppers Drug Mart opens this week". The Standard. Elliot Lake ON. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  23. ↑ "Local hotel victim of break and enter". The Standard. Elliot Lake ON. 12 May 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  24. 1 2 McSheffrey, Kevin. "Heart Stroke Big Bike rolling on Algo mall roof". The Standard. Elliot Lake ON. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  25. ↑ nurun.com (2010-05-26). "Dessert Buffet and Fashion Show for cancer a go tomorrow - Elliot Lake Standard - Ontario, CA". Elliotlakestandard.ca. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  26. ↑ Quesnel, Shannon (22 June 2011). "Appraisers walk Elliot Lakers through antique history". The Standard. Elliot Lake ON. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  27. ↑ Zombies want fresh victims for haunted house. Elliot Lake Standard.
  28. ↑ Quesnel, Shannon (11 February 2011). "$1K-plus raised at rocking chair event". The Standard. Elliot Lake ON. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Alexandra Posadzki; Allison Jones (29 June 2012). "Elliot Lake, Ont., mall collapse a blow to economy; stores, library, hotel lost". The Ottawa Citizen. Ottawa ON. The Canadian Press. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
  30. ↑ Ougler, Jeffrey (26 June 2012). "Problems plagued Algo Centre Mall for years". The Sault Star. Sault Ste. Marie ON. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Quesnel, Shannon (27 August 2008). "Business owners unhappy with". The Standard. Elliot Lake ON. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  32. ↑ Quesnel, Shannon (21 August 2008). "Scotiabank delays opening doors". The Standard. Elliot Lake ON. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  33. ↑ McSheffrey, Kevin (27 July 2011). "Construction begins on new Bank of Nova Scotia". The Standard. Elliot Lake ON. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  34. 1 2 McSheffery, Kevin (11 November 2009). "Library to stay in mall for time being". The Standard. Elliot Lake ON. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  35. ↑ The power and the promise: the Elliot Lake story - Catharine Dixon - Google Books. Books.google.ca. 1996. ISBN 9780968126806. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  36. 1 2 3 4 "1 believed dead, 1 trapped in Elliot Lake mall roof cave-in". CBC.ca. Toronto ON. 24 June 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  37. ↑ nurun.com (2011-05-25). "Heart and Stroke Foundation Big Bike rides again in city - Elliot Lake Standard - Ontario, CA". Elliotlakestandard.ca. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
  38. ↑ Huckerby, Craig (25 June 2012). "Was The Collapse Waiting To Happen?". Local 2 Sault Ste. Marie. Sault Ste. Marie ON. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  39. ↑ Bear, Rhonda (11 April 2012). "Letter to the editor: Standard should have reported more than court story about mall". The Standard. Elliot Lake ON. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  40. 1 2 3 Quesnel, Shannon (28 June 2012). "Lawyer says Elliot Lake mall owner hit with class-action suit". Northumberland Today. Cobourg ON. QMI Agency. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
  41. 1 2 National Post Staff (28 June 2012). "Elliot Lake mall safety reports will be made public, Dalton McGuinty says as he promises 'intense review'". National Post. Toronto ON. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
  42. 1 2 3 "‘Sloppy’ construction of Elliot Lake mall worried engineer". Toronto Star, March 6, 2013.
  43. 1 2 3 "Collapsed mall plagued by faulty expansion joint". CBC News, March 13, 2013.
  44. ↑ Friscolanti, Michael (March 7, 2013). "Elliot Lake inquiry: Surveillance footage pinpoints exact cause of mall collapse". Macleans. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
  45. ↑ "List of missing grows; rescue efforts slow". The Standard. 25 Jun 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-27.
  46. 1 2 One confirmed dead after roof collapse in Elliot Lake. The Globe and Mail, June 24, 2012.
  47. ↑ At least 9 unaccounted for after Ontario mall roof collapse. Victoria Times-Colonist, June 24, 2012.
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Contenta, Sandro (28 June 2012). "Elliot Lake mall roof collapse: Experts warn shaky emergency response network will likely get worse". Toronto Star. Toronto ON. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
  49. ↑ "Rescue efforts have been called off at Elliot Lake roof collapse". CityNews (via the Canadian Press). June 25, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
  50. 1 2 "Elliot Lake search back on after Dalton McGuinty intervenes". Toronto Star, June 25, 2012.
  51. ↑ "Rescue efforts to resume at Elliot Lake mall". CTV News, June 25, 2012.
  52. ↑ "Prompted by McGuinty, rescuers to use 'drastic measures' to reach survivors in Elliot Lake". The Globe and Mail, June 25, 2012.
  53. ↑ "Elliot Lake mall rescue resumes, 19 hours after search was halted". National Post, June 26, 2012.
  54. ↑ "PM offers help of Canadian Forces in Elliot Lake rescue efforts". The Globe and Mail, June 26, 2012.
  55. 1 2 Sarah Boesveld; Tristin Hopper (27 June 2012). "Elliot Lake mall collapse victims claimed by an unlucky twist of fate". National Post. Toronto ON. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  56. ↑ "College Boreal employee will be missed". The Standard. Elliot Lake, ON. Sudbury Star/QMI Agency. 29 June 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  57. ↑ "Perizzolo, Doloris". The Standard. Elliot Lake, ON. 3 July 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  58. 1 2 3 H. Saffarini, ed. (8 Mar 2013), "Forensic Engineering Investigation -- Algo Mall Centre Collapse" (PDF), The Elliot Lake Inquiry, Elliot Lake, ON: NORR
  59. ↑ "Architect of Algo Centre Mall was against rooftop parking, inquiry told". Toronto Sun, March 11, 2013.
  60. ↑ "Elliot Lake : rapport maquillé et compagnie-écran". Radio-Canada, July 16, 2013.
  61. ↑ "Elliot Lake fatal mall collapse comes down to 'human failure,' report says". CBC News, October 15, 2014.
  62. ↑ "Elliot Lake rising from rubble of collapsed mall". Northern Ontario Business, October 15, 2012.
  63. ↑ "TD donates $10,000 to help City of Elliot Lake". Canada Newswire. June 29, 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
  64. ↑ Cremation urns trapped in collapsed Elliot Lake mall, CBC News, July 9, 2012.
  65. ↑ Elliot Lake mall tragedy may have exposed crowds, rescuers to asbestos, Yahoo News, July 10, 2012
  66. 1 2 "Foodland set to reopen in Collins Hall Oct. 19". Elliot Lake Standard, October 3, 2012.
  67. 1 2 "Elliot Lake's new mall opens 4 years after fatal mall collapse". CBC News, April 1, 2016.
  68. ↑ "White Mountain is temporary solution". Elliot Lake Standard, August 1, 2012.
  69. 1 2 3 Allison Cross (June 29, 2012). "Elliot Lake city staff call police after reporter tries to request Algo Centre Mall documents". Nation Post. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
  70. ↑ "Elliot Lake city hall employee calls police on Global News reporter after FOI request". Global Toronto. Toronto ON. 29 June 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
  71. ↑ "The Elliot Lake Inquiry - About the Inquiry". elliotlakeinquiry.ca. 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2013. The Elliot Lake was established on July 19, 2012 by the Government of Ontario under the Public Inquiries Act, 2009
  72. ↑ "Elliot Lake inquiry may reopen old wounds - Sudbury - CBC News". cbc.ca. 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2013. Elliot Lake’s Algo Centre Mall [inquiry] gets underway this week,
  73. ↑ "The Elliot Lake Inquiry - Exhibits: March 12, 13, 14 & 19, 2013" (PDF). elliotlakeinquiry.ca. 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2013. Forensic Engineering Investigation - Algo Centre Mall Collapse
  74. ↑ "Elliot Lake mall collapse spurs $30-M lawsuit". Winnipeg Free Press. Winnipeg MB. 7 July 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  75. ↑ "MPP wants private documents pulled from collapsed mall". CBC Sudbury. 30 November 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
  76. ↑ "Elliot Lake Mall collapse report will 'absolutely' impact election". CBC News, October 9, 2014.
  77. ↑ "Municipales dans le Nord: les maires s'appellent Bigger, Hobbs, Black et Marchisella". Ici Radio-Canada, October 28, 2014.
  78. ↑ "Elliot Lake has new mayor and many new councillors". Elliot Lake Standard, October 27, 2014.
  79. 1 2 "Robert Wood, last engineer to inspect Elliot Lake mall before collapse, heads to trial". CBC Sudbury, September 5, 2016.
  80. ↑ "New Elliot Lake mall scheduled for completion by end of 2013 | CTV News". Ctvnews.ca. 2012-10-31. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
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