Albayzín

UNESCO World Heritage Site

Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada
Name as inscribed on the World Heritage List
Type	Cultural
Criteria	i, iii, iv
Reference	314
UNESCO region	Europe and North America
Inscription history
Inscription	1984 (8th Session)
Extensions	1994

This is the view of Saint Nicholas church and the Albaicin mosque.

Typical street of the Albaicin.

Albaicin landscape.

El Albayzín (also Albaicín, Spanish pronunciation: [alβai̯ˈθin]) is a district of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain, that retains the narrow winding streets of its Medieval Moorish past. It was declared a world heritage site in 1984, along with the famous Alhambra.

History

It was populated in Iberian period and Roman dispersed settlement existed. There is no data before the arrival of the Zirid Berber Islamic settlement, so it is assumed that the city was abandoned since the end of the Roman Empire until the founding of the Zirid kingdom in 1013 when it was surrounded by big walls. According to some linguists it owes its present name to the inhabitants of the city of Baeza who banished her after the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, settled in this area of Granada outside the existing walls. Other linguists claim that the name comes from the Arabic al-bayyāzīn (as its pronounced with imala, al-bayyīzīn),meaning the suburb of falconers. However, the fact that in Andalusia there are many other neighborhoods with that name, in Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cádiz), Alhama de Granada, Salobreña and Huéneja (Granada), Antequera and Villanueva de Algaidas (Málaga), Baena (Córdoba) porcuna and Sabiote (Jaén), and Constantina (Sevilla), casts doubt on this thesis. There are also neighborhoods with that name in other parts of Spain, as in Campo de Criptana (Ciudad Real), result of the expulsion of the Moors after the Revolt of the Alpujarras or in Pastrana (Guadalajara), this neighborhood created by Doña Ana de Eboli to accommodate the Moorish Kingdom of Granada.

Is one of the oldest centers of Muslim culture in Granada, with the Alhambra, the Realejo and Arrabal de Bib-Arrambla, on the flat part of the city.

Before the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, in what is now the city of Granada and its surroundings there were three small populations:

• Iliberis (Elvira), what was later called Albaicin and Alcazaba
• Castilia, near the present town of Atarfe
• Garnata, on the opposite hill to the Alcazaba, which was more a neighborhood of Iliberis.

However, after these classic statements, current archaeological research, Madinat Ilbira located in Atarfe until the 11th century when that city was moved to the Albaicin after the fall of the Caliphate and the insecurity it generates. The inhabitants of Ilbira undergo as clients Sinhaya and ziríes and it is decided the transfer of the capital of the Cora de Elvira to Hill Albaicín

In the 756 Arabs are already in the peninsula. It is the time of Independent Emirate. The Arab population is manifested in two centers: the Albaicín and the Alhambra.

This neighborhood had its greatest influence at the time of the Nazari. The Albaicín maintains the urban fabric of the Moorish period, with narrow streets, in an intricate network that extends from the top (St. Nicholas) through the course of the river Darro and Calle Elvira, both located in Plaza Nueva.

In December 1499, Albaicín become the starting point of a rebellion throughout Granada, which were triggered by the forced conversions of the Muslim population to Christianity.^[1]

The traditional type of house is the carmen, consisting of a free house surrounded by a high wall that separates it from the street and includes a small orchard or garden.

It was characteristic of this district the channeling and distribution of drinking water through wells; in all there were found about 28; of which a large majority is preserved but is not in use because its pipes are broken over time.

In 1994, the Albaicín was declared World Heritage by UNESCO as an extension of the monuments of the Alhambra and Generalife.^[2]

Places of interest

In the Albaicín there are numerous monuments from different periods, mainly the nazari period and the Renaissance:

• Ziri wall (11th century), established along the Sacromonte and Albaicín.
• New door or door of Weights, the Granadian people call and know it as arc of weights.^[3]
• Fajalauza door in Cuesta de San Gregorio Alto, part of the wall.^[4]-^[5]
• Alhacaba Towers, part of the wall.
• Monaita door in Lona Lane, part of the wall.
• Puerta de Elvira, at the beginning of Calle Elvira, part of the wall.
• Church of El Salvador, in the Cuesta del Chapiz.
• Church of San Miguel Bajo, in the small square of San Miguel Bajo, with a Mudejar armor and a cistern of the 13th century.
• Church of San Gregorio, at the beginning of the Cuesta de San Gregorio.
• Church of San Cristobal and viewpoint with the same name, in Crta. De Murcia
• St. Louis. Temple without worship and in ruins.
• Church of San Juan de los Reyes, in the street San Juan de los Reyes.
• Palace of Dar al-Horra, Aixa residence, Muley Hacén wife and mother of Boabdil.
• The Bañuelo.
• Minaret of Almorabitun.
• Trillo cistern.
• House of the Masks, in the street Pagés, what remains of the house of the poet Pedro Soto de Rojas (17th century).
• House Yanguas (16th century), at San Buenaventura, hodgepodge of Nazari and Renaissance architecture. Currently, Tourist hotel.
• Church of Santa Ana, at the beginning of the Carrera del Darro.
• Saint Peter and Saint Paul, in the Carrera del Darro.
• Hermitage of San Miguel alto, Lane San Miguel ..
• Casa de Porras, in Placeta de Porras, Moorish house of the 16th century, today the University Cultural Center of the University of Granada.
• Casa del Almirante (Aragon), Calle San José, 16th century.
• Castril House (1539) in the Carrera del Darro, Current Archaeological Museum of Granada.
• Lona House in Lona Lane, on the site of the former palace of the kings Ziries.
• Cordova Palace (16th century) in the Cuesta del Chapiz, current Municipal Archives.
• Casa del Chapiz, This was built on the remains of a Moorish palace of the 14th century, which preserves part of the layout of the plant and some elements that were utilized when it was rebuilt in the early 16th century by the Morisco Lorenzo el Chapiz, whose name is preserved in the set and the street where it is located.
• Casa de Zafra, 14th Century Spanish-Arab mansion, re-opened as Interpretative Center.^[6]

Gallery

• 

  The Alhambra seen from across the Albayzín

• 

  Houses in the Albayzín

• 

  Typical house façade in Cuesta de Alhacaba

• 

  Calderería street

• 

  Church of San Nicolas and Albayzín from Alhambra palace

19th century paintings of Albayzín

• 

  A balcony in Albayzín by painter M. Arroyo Fernandez in 1891, stored at Biblioteca Provincial de Granada

• 

  Casa del Chapiz in the Albayzín by Francesc Pi i Margall and Francesc Xavier Parcerisa in 1850, published in the work Recuerdos y bellezas de España

• 

  Procession of the Viaticum on the street of Zafra, Albayzín by Manuel Ruiz Sanchez Morales (1853-1922), stored at Biblioteca Provincial de Granada

• 

  Tower of San Lorenzo in the Albayzín. Drawing by Federico Ruiz (1837-1868), engraving by Edward Skill (1831-1873), published in the Spanish magazine El Museo Universal

See also

• Al-Andalus

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Albaicín.

• Albayzín on ArchNet, retrieved October 24, 2006
• World Heritage page on Albayzín , retrieved October 24, 2006
• Albayzín in turgranada.es Official Site for tourism of the province of Granada
• Albayzín in granada-in.com Itineraries by the district of the Albaicin (in Spanish)
• Webcam Albayzín - Granada/Alhambra
• Granada - albaicin (photo's)

World Heritage Sites in Spain
For official site names, see each article or the List of World Heritage Sites in Spain.
North West	Caves of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain1 Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of the Asturias Roman walls of Lugo Route of Santiago de Compostela1 Santiago de Compostela Tower of Hercules
North East	Caves of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain1 Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon Pirineos - Monte Perdido2 Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin1 Route of Santiago de Compostela1 San Millán Yuso and Suso Monasteries Vizcaya Bridge
Community of Madrid	Aranjuez Cultural Landscape El Escorial University and Historic Precinct of Alcalá de Henares
Centre	Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida Archaeological Site of Atapuerca Ávila with its Extra-mural Churches Burgos Cathedral Cáceres Cuenca Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija3 Las Médulas Monastery of Santa María of Guadalupe Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin1 Route of Santiago de Compostela1 Salamanca Segovia and its Aqueduct Prehistoric Rock-Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde4 Toledo
East	Archaeological Ensemble of Tarraco, Tarragona Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí Ibiza (Biodiversity and Culture) Palau de la Música Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona Palmeral of Elche Poblet Monastery Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin1 Serra de Tramuntana Silk Exchange in Valencia Works of Antoni Gaudí
South	Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada Cathedral, Alcázar and General Archive of the Indies, Seville Dolmens Site of Antequera Doñana Historic Centre of Córdoba Renaissance Monuments of Úbeda and Baeza Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin1
Canary Islands	Garajonay San Cristóbal de La Laguna Teide National Park
1 Shared with other region/s 2 Shared with France 3 Shared with Slovenia 4 Shared with Portugal

Coordinates: 37°10′36″N 3°35′40″W / 37.17667°N 3.59444°W / 37.17667; -3.59444