Afghan parliamentary election, 2010
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| This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Afghanistan |
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Legislature |
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Judiciary |
| Foreign relations |
The Afghan parliamentary election, 2010 to elect members of the House of the People (Wolesi Jirga) took place on 18 September 2010.[1][2] The Afghan Independent Election Commission - established in accordance with the article 156 of the Constitution of Afghanistan for the purpose of organizing and supervising all elections in the country - postponed the poll from its original date of 22 May[3][4][5][6][7] to September 18.
The results were delayed on several occasions, but were finalized on October 31. The Taliban issued a direct threat to all those involved in the House of the People elections.
Campaign
The campaign period kicked off on June 23 and ran until September 16. On June 23, 2010, the full list of candidates was announced; 2,577 candidates filed to run, 405 of them women.[8]
On July 7, 2010, the Electoral Complaint Commission[9] announced that it had disqualified 36 candidates because of ties to illegal private militias. However, according to critics "the net caught a few small fish while the sharks swam around it".[10][11] Sima Samar, who heads the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission, said she was concerned that there were alleged war criminals on the candidate lists.[12]
Security
"We urge people not to participate in the election. Everything and everyone affiliated with the election is our target -- candidates, security forces, campaigners, election workers, voters are all our targets," said Taliban spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid.[13]
Three candidates were killed during the campaign period while there have been several attempts on the lives of others, some of which have resulted in the deaths of campaign workers.
In a tally kept by the Free Election Foundation of Afghanistan,[14] eleven campaign workers have been killed since late June.[15]
Polling centres
On August 18, Afghanistan’s Independent Election Commission[16] announced it would open 5,897 polling centers for the 2010 Wolesi Jirga elections. This is 938 fewer than the original plan to have 6,835 centers opened.[17]
The decision on whether to open or close polling centers is a matter of debate[18] but the IEC says decisions on the polling centers was made in conjunction with the country’s security agencies and on September 5 said it was too late to open more; a view supported by the United Nations and Democracy International.[19][20]
On September 8, the IEC said a further 81 polling centers would remain shut in eastern Nangarhar province. This brought to 1,019 centers closed, which is almost 15 per cent of the preliminary list of 6835.[21]
Voting system
The voting system used for House of the People elections is single non-transferable vote. The system allows for candidates with as little as less than one percent of the first-choice vote to be elected, something that happened with a number of candidates in the 2005 election.[22] There has been calls to review the use of SNTV as it impedes the development of political parties and prevents fair and accurate representation of Afghanistan’s diverse population.[23]
Candidates
There were 2,584 candidates on the ballots for the 2010 Wolesi Jirga elections, across 34 provinces and a country-wide electorate for the nomadic Kuchi tribe.[24]
Some 406 candidates were women, who are allocated at least 68 seats.[25]
Notable incumbent candidates include: Ramazan Bashar Dost, who came third in the 2009 Afghan Presidential election; Younus Qanooni, runner-up to President Hamid Karzai in the 2004 presidential election and the inaugural Speaker of the Wolesi Jirga; Shukria Barakzai, a vocal supporter of women’s rights; and Mullah Abdul Salaam Rocketi, a former jihadist who earned his name from his skill in shooting rocket-propelled grenades during the Soviet occupation. All three of them are standing again for one of the 33 seats assigned to Kabul province.
Other candidates for Kabul include: comedian Zamir Kabuli, who is famous for ridiculing politicians; Farida Tarana, a 29-year-old former female contestant on Afghan Star, the local equivalent of American Idol.[26]
Controversy
Reflecting on the disputed previous presidential election, in December 2009 representatives of donor states expressed worries and even suggested that voting should be postponed. Since the violence and the accusations of fraud that accompanied the 2009 election,[27] another round of voting was expected to do more harm than good. The planned election might lead to a new campaign of violence by the Taliban to intimidate voters. The United Nations, the US and election observation missions, including one representing the European Union, had asked the Afghan government to refrain from further elections until it had written a new election law and created a list of registered voters.[28]
United States congressmen visiting Kabul that month also urged President Karzai to delay until electoral reforms were in place. Otherwise, Afghanistan could risk American financial support. Karzai insisted that the elections had to be held in May, despite concerns about their credibility.[29][30]
On January 24, the election authorities in Afghanistan decided to postpone the elections until September 18, due to "security concerns, logistical problems, and insufficient funds".[31] Using a loophole in the Constitution, the Karzai administration unilaterally rewrote the election law, and Karzai put it into effect by a decree on February 13, 2010. Under this new version, the five members of the Electoral Complaints Commission (ECC),[9] would be chosen by the president after consultation with the parliamentary leadership. Previously, three of the seats were held by foreigners appointed by the United Nations and the other two members were Afghans.[32][33] On March 31, 2010, the Lower House of the Afghan parliament rejected this change.[34]
In a speech at the U.S. Institute of Peace (USIP) on May 17, 2010, former Foreign Minister Abdullah Abdullah warned that another rigged election would be catastrophic, even more than the discredited presidential election in August 2009 from which he dropped out.[35][36]
On August 13, 2010, Staffan de Mistura, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's special representative for Afghanistan, called upon the Afghan security forces to show heightened vigilance, referring to widespread intimidation of female candidates, the killing of three candidates and other violence directed against candidates.[37][38] The Free and Fair Election Foundation of Afghanistan (FEFA) stated that observers were based in all 34 provinces of Afghanistan to observe the campaigns at the provincial level, and volunteer observers in many districts as well.[39]
Starting June 2010, FEFA published monitoring reports into the election campaign,[40][41][42] in which it cataloged examples of violence against candidates or misuse of government resources. FEFA called on the Afghan government and Afghan and international security forces to take action against individuals perpetrating electoral violations and act decisively to protect voters and candidates and voters ahead of the parliamentary elections. In the report about the launch of the 2010 election campaigns, the FEFA detailed illegal actions of candidates, increasing attacks against candidates and campaign workers, and widespread intimidation of women. Warlords, the Taliban and rival candidates were blamed for the intimidation and already at least eight people had been assassinated in relation to the upcoming elections, including three candidates. According to some candidates the security situation was worse than with the 2009 elections, despite the arrival of the reinforcement of 30,000 American troops. Nader Nadery, Commissioner at the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) and director of FEFA, said that there was more intimidation, more attacks on female candidates and other candidates. "Areas in the south are becoming more and more insecure and areas in the north are becoming more and more intimidating for the weaker candidates." According to Mirwais Yasini, former deputy speaker of the Lower House and a candidate in Nangahar Province, in several districts it was impossible to campaign.[43]
There were also reports of thousands of fake voter registration cards in circulation that threatened the credibility of elections.[44]
Following the 2010 Qur'an-burning controversy, the UN's top diplomat in the country said the ensuing protests could force the delay of parliamentary elections.[45]
Fraud prevention
The Independent Election Commission endeavored to prevent the massive fraud that marred 2009's presidential elections, in which one million ballots for President Hamid Karzai were ruled invalid.[46]
The IEC sacked 6,000 election workers and tightened the security measures surrounding ballot boxes by introducing a computerized tracking system.[47]
However, it was expected that fraud would still occur and would be hard to spot, according to election observers Democracy International.[48]
Election
On election day, at least fourteen people were killed[49] amid UN and US warnings that security and fraud were major concerns at the election. The Taliban also fired rockets in several cities including Kabul and set off bombs at a polling station and by the governor of Kandahar's convoy.[50]
A Taliban website said that upwards of a hundred attacks had been carried out, though these claims were not confirmed; election authorities, however, said that the elections as a whole had been safe. The organization that monitored the elections, the Free and Fair Elections Foundation, said that "[t]hough there were numerous attacks, none were severe enough to disrupt voting on a wide scale."[51]
Fraud was also a concern, as some people were discovered trying to cast over a thousand illegitimate votes on behalf of candidates.[51] Some officials were accused of taking bribes;[49] and permanent ink was used to mark the fingers of those who had voted so as to identify and prevent multiple votes.[49]
The total turnout of voters was estimated to be almost 3.6 million out of a total of more than 10 million eligible voters.[49] The United Nations said that if five million people voted, the vote could be considered a success, given the difficulties of holding an election during a war.[49] The head of Afghanistan's Independent Election Commission said that he would consider the election a success if more than three million people voted, a tally that came to pass.[49] Out of a planned 5,816 open voting locations, authorities said that 92% had opened as scheduled, while the remainder had not opened due to security concerns.[49][51] The turnout was reported to be light due to Taliban threats.[52] However, the violence was also a lot less than expected.
Results
On September 26, the Independent Election Commission (IEC) ordered recounts at locations in seven provinces,[53] but left open the possibility of ordering recounts in other provinces. The recounts were ordered in Kunduz, Balkh, Takhar, Badakhshan and Parwan provinces in the north and northeast, Logar and Khost. At least five polling centres in eastern Khost province were declared invalid.
Preliminary results for all 34 provinces were originally due on October 8, but were unexpectedly put off citing the need to be "more accurate and precise."[54] However, they would still be subject to confirmation after the Electoral Complaints Commission adjudicates on its legality. Final, certified results were released on October 31.[55]
| Party | Vote | Seats | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Won | +/− | ||||||
| Independents | 4,030,227 | 100.00 | ±0.00 | 249 | ±0 | |||||
| Total | 4,030,227 | 100.00 | 249 | ±0 | ||||||
| Valid votes | 4,030,227 | 95.58 | ||||||||
| Invalid ballots | 186,367 | 4.42 | ||||||||
| Votes cast / turnout | 4,216,594 | 40.94 | ||||||||
| Abstentions | 6,083,406 | 60.87 | ||||||||
| Registered voters | 10,300,000 | |||||||||
| Source: IEC, Election Guide | ||||||||||
Elected Candidates
(This list is incomplete)
| name | province | number of votes | percentage | m/f | incumbency | ethnicity | associated party' |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alhaj Zulmai Mujadadi | Badakhshan | 16,410 | 7.1% | m | incumbent | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Fawzia Koofi | Badakhshan | 16,192 | 7.0% | f | incumbent | Tajik | |
| Alhaj Safiullah Muslim | Badakhshan | 8,632 | 3.7% | m | new | Uzbek | |
| Abdul Latif Pedram | Badakhshan | 8,469 | 3.7% | m | new | Tajik | National Congress Party (Leader) |
| Amanullah Paiman | Badakhshan | 8,289 | 3.6% | m | incumbent | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Alhaj Shah Abdul Ahad Afzali | Badakhshan | 8,164 | 3.5% | m | new | Tajik | |
| Muhammad Zekria Soda | Badakhshan | 7,982 | 3.5% | m | new | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Abdul Wali Niazi | Badakhshan | 7,811 | 3.4% | m | new | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Dr. Nilofar Ibrahimi | Badakhshan | 3,667 | 1.6% | f | new | Tajik | |
| Sayed Muhammad Musa Janab Sahib | Badghis | 4,593 | 7.4% | m | new | Hezbi Islami | |
| Hajji Ghulam Sarwar Faiez | Badghis | 3,802 | 6.1% | m | new | Hazara | |
| Alhaj Qazi Abdul Rahim | Badghis | 3,261 | 5.3% | m | new | Hazara | |
| Safia Aymaq | Badghis | 2,003 | 3.2% | f | new | Aymaq | Hezbi Islami |
| Sayed Mansoor Naderi | Baghlan | 7,849 | 6.5% | m | incumbent | Hazara | Hezbe Paiwand Milli (Leader) |
| Obaidullah Rameen | Baghlan | 5,362 | 4.4% | m | new | Hazara | |
| Shukria Esa Khil | Baghlan | 5,247 | 4.3% | f | incumbent | Pasthun | Afghan Mellat |
| Dr Mahdi | Baghlan | 5,154 | 4.2% | m | new | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Muhammad Azim Muhsini | Baghlan | 4,551 | 3.7% | m | new | Hazara | |
| Delawar Aymaq | Baghlan | 3,856 | 3.2% | m | new | Aymaq | |
| Muhammad Zahir Ghani Zada | Baghlan | 3,080 | 2.5% | m | new | Tajik | |
| Alhaj Ustad Najya Aymaq | Baghlan | 1,373 | 1.1% | f | new | Aymaq | |
| Ahmad Shah Ramazan | Balkh | 19,614 | 7.7% | m | new | Hazara | |
| Abas Ibrahim Zada | Balkh | 18,413 | 7.2% | m | new | Hazara | Hezbe Wahdat Islami Mardum |
| Alhaj Muhammad Ishaq Rahguzar | Balkh | 17,181 | 6.8% | m | incumbent | Arab | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Alhaj Alam Khan Azadi | Balkh | 16,820 | 6.6% | m | incumbent | Arab | |
| Assadullah Sharifi | Balkh | 15,351 | 6.0% | m | new | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Alhaj Muhammad Abdah | Balkh | 14,173 | 5.6% | m | incumbent | Hazara | Hezbe Wahdat Islami Mardum |
| Alhaj Maulawi Abdul Rahman Rahmani | Balkh | 12,389 | 4.9% | m | new | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Muhammad Farhad Azimi | Balkh | 10,787 | 4.2% | m | new | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Sifora Niazai | Balkh | 4,358 | 1.7% | f | incumbent | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Brishna Rabie | Balkh | 3,229 | 1.3% | f | new | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Dr. Gulalay Noor Safi | Balkh | 3,018 | 1.2% | f | incumbent | Pashtun | |
| Colonel Abdul Rahman Shahidani | Bamyan | 11,993 | 9.9% | m | new | Hazara | |
| Hajji Fakuri Behishti | Bamyan | 11,824 | 9.7% | m | incumbent | Hazara | Hezbe Eqtedar Milli |
| Ustad Muhammad Akbari | Bamyan | 10,857 | 8.9% | m | incumbent | Hazara | Hezbe Wahdat Milli Islami (Leader) |
| Safoora Yalkhani | Bamyan | 5,603 | 4.6% | f | incumbent | Hazara | |
| Muhammad Noor Akbari | Daykundi | 15,780 | 10.5% | m | incumbent | Hazara | |
| Asadullah Saadati | Daykundi | 12,742 | 8.5% | m | new | Hazara | Hezbe Wahdat Islami |
| Sadiqi Zada Neli | Daykundi | 10,592 | 7.1% | m | incumbent | Hazara | Hezbe Eqtedar Milli |
| Sherin Muhseni | Daykundi | 8,581 | 5.7% | f | incumbent | Hazara | |
| Ustad Humaira Ayubi | Farah | 3,763 | 10.0% | f | new | Pashtun | |
| Samiullah Samim | Farah | 3,690 | 9.8% | m | new | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Hajji Mammor Mussa | Farah | 2,642 | 7.0% | m | incumbent | Pashtun | Hezbi Islami |
| Abdul Sabor Khidmat | Farah | 2,415 | 6.4% | m | new | Pashtun | |
| Alhaj Saranwal Muhammad Sarwar Usmani Farahi | Farah | 2,223 | 5.9% | m | new | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Hajji Muhammad Hashim | Faryab | 9,299 | 5.0% | m | new | Pashtun | |
| Dr. Naqebullah Fayeq | Faryab | 7,720 | 4.1% | m | new | Uzbek | |
| Eng. Muhammad Hashim Awartaq | Faryab | 7,617 | 4.1% | m | new | Uzbek | |
| Bashir Ahmad Tah Yenj | Faryab | 7,427 | 4.0% | m | new | Uzbek | |
| Alhaj Fathullah Qaisari | Faryab | 7,221 | 3.9% | m | incumbent | Uzbek | Junbish Milli |
| Muhammad Shakar Kargar | Faryab | 6,906 | 3.7% | m | incumbent | Uzbek | Junbish Milli |
| Fauzia Raoufi | Faryab | 2,480 | 1.3% | f | incumbent | Pashtun | |
| Rangina Kargar | Faryab | 1,573 | 0.8% | f | new | Uzbek | |
| Asifa Shadab | Faryab | 1,349 | 0.7% | f | incumbent | Tajik | |
| Ali Akbar Qasimi | Ghazni | 13,855 | 7.7% | m | incumbent | Hazara | Hezbe Wahdat Islami Mardum |
| Ustad Muhammad Ali Akhlaqi | Ghazni | 10,078 | 5.6% | m | new | Hazara | |
| Dr. Shah Jahan | Ghazni | 9,209 | 5.1% | m | new | Hazara | |
| Muhammad Ali Alizada | Ghazni | 8,498 | 4.7% | m | new | Hazara | Hezbe Wahdat Islami Mardum |
| Dr. Abdul Qayoom Sajadi | Ghazni | 6,898 | 3.9% | m | new | Hazara | |
| Ustad Muhammad Arif Rahmani | Ghazni | 6,864 | 3.8% | m | new | Hazara | |
| Alhaj Khuda Dad Erfani | Ghazni | 6,658 | 3.7% | m | new | Hazara | Hezbe Wahdat Islami |
| Huma Sultani | Ghazni | 6,238 | 3.5% | f | new | Hazara | |
| Eng. Nafisa Azimi | Ghazni | 6,228 | 3.5% | f | new | Hazara | Hezbe Wahdat Islami Mardum |
| Chaman Shah Etimadi | Ghazni | 5,891 | 3.3% | m | new | Hazara | Hezbe Wahdat Islami |
| Shah Gull Rezayee | Ghazni | 3,679 | 2.1% | f | incumbent | Hazara | |
| Dr. Muhammad Ibrahim Malikzad | Ghor | 18,493 | 10.5% | m | incumbent | Aymaq | |
| Hajji Qurban Kohistnai | Ghor | 15,698 | 8.9% | m | incumbent | Hazara | |
| Aqay Bahr | Ghor | 13,385 | 7.6% | m | new | Hazara | |
| Alhaj Karam-u-din Reza Zada | Ghor | 12,352 | 7.0% | m | new | Aymaq | |
| Ruqia Naiel | Ghor | 8,747 | 5.0% | f | incumbent | Hazara | |
| Seema Joyenda | Ghor | 3,960 | 2.2% | f | new | Aymaq | |
| Shikh Namtullah Ghafari | Helmand | 3,042 | 9.1% | m | incumbent | Hazara | |
| Hajji Abdul Hay | Helmand | 2,403 | 7.2% | m | new | Pashtun | |
| Hajji Muhammad Wali Alizai | Helmand | 1,881 | 5.7% | m | new | Pashtun | |
| Abdul Wudod | Helmand | 1,847 | 5.6% | m | new | Pashtun | |
| Abdul Jabar | Helmand | 1,773 | 5.3% | m | new | Pashtun | Hezbi Islami |
| Massoud Khan Noorzai | Helmand | 1,664 | 4.9% | m | new | Pashtun | |
| Nasima Niazai | Helmand | 1,324 | 4.0% | f | incumbent | Pashtun | |
| Habiba Sadat | Helmand | 574 | 1.7% | f | new | Pashtun | |
| Ghulam Farooq Majroh | Herat | 9,524 | 3.3% | m | new | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Qazi Nazer Ahmad Hanafi | Herat | 8,716 | 3.0% | m | incumbent | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Ahmad Bihzad | Herat | 7,733 | 2.7% | m | incumbent | Hazara | |
| Hajji Ghulam Farooq Nazari | Herat | 7,346 | 2.6% | m | new | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Ahmad Farhad Majedi | Herat | 7,005 | 2.4% | m | new | Tajik | |
| Muhammad Reza Khushak Watan Dost | Herat | 6,961 | 2.4% | m | new | Hazara | |
| Hajji Muhammad Arif Tayeb | Herat | 6,106 | 2.1% | m | incumbent | Aymaq | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Hajji Khalil Ahmad Shahed Zada | Herat | 6,048 | 2.1% | m | new | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Abdul Hadi Jamshedi | Herat | 5,689 | 2.0% | m | incumbent | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Dr. Muhammad Salih Saljoqi | Herat | 5,577 | 1.9% | m | incumbent | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Alhaj Eng. Monawar Shah Bahaduri | Herat | 5,430 | 1.9% | m | new | Pashtun | |
| Alhaj Muhammad Rafiq Shaheer | Herat | 5,347 | 1.9% | m | new | Pashtun | |
| Nahid Ahamdi Farid | Herat | 4,042 | 1.4% | f | new | ||
| Shanaz Hemati | Herat | 3,961 | 1.4% | f | incumbent | ||
| Masooda Karukhi | Herat | 2,092 | 0.7% | f | new | Tajik | |
| Ustad Najla Dehqan Nazhad | Herat | 2,041 | 0.7% | f | incumbent | Pashtun | Hezbi Islami |
| Yasamin Barikzai | Herat | 1,688 | 0.6% | f | new | Pashtun | Hezbe Musharikat Mili |
| Dr. Enayatullah Babur Ferahmand | Juzjan | 8,137 | 8.1% | m | new | Uzbek | |
| Baz Muhammad Juzjani | Juzjan | 6,453 | 6.4% | m | incumbent | Arab | |
| Abdul Satar Darzabi | Juzjan | 5,543 | 5.5% | m | incumbent | Uzbek | Junbish Milli |
| Hajji Muhammad Ismail | Juzjan | 5,168 | 5.1% | m | new | Turkmen | |
| Fahima Sadat | Juzjan | 3,058 | 3.0% | f | incumbent | Tajik | |
| Hajji Muhammad Mohaqiq | Kabul | 16,233 | 3.6% | m | new | Hazara | Hezbe Wahdat Islami Mardum (Leader) |
| Yunus Qanuni | Kabul | 9,548 | 2.1% | m | incumbent | Tajik | Hezbe Afghanistan Naween (Leader) |
| Dr Ramazan Bashar Dost | Kabul | 7,935 | 1.8% | m | incumbent | Hazara | |
| Ustad Abdul Rab Rasool Sayaf | Kabul | 7,158 | 1.6% | m | incumbent | Pashtun | Hezbe Dawat Islami (Leader) |
| Wakeel Fatima Nazari | Kabul | 6,834 | 1.5% | m | new | Hazara | Hezbe Niyaaz Milli (Leader) |
| Mir Amanullah Guzar | Kabul | 6,686 | 1.5% | m | new | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Farkhunda Zahra Naderi | Kabul | 6,612 | 1.5% | f | new | Hazara | Hezbe Paiwand Milli |
| Hajji Muhammad Farhad Seddiqi | Kabul | 5,128 | 1.1% | m | new | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Muhammad Ibrahim Qasemi | Kabul | 5,014 | 1.1% | m | incumbent | Hazara | |
| Dr. Jafar Mahdawi | Kabul | 5,013 | 1.1% | m | new | Hazara | Hezbe Wahdat Islami Mardum |
| Sayed Hussain Anwari | Kabul | 4,715 | 1.1% | m | new | Hazara | Hezbe Harakat Islami (Leader) |
| Baktash Siawash | Kabul | 4,557 | 1.0% | m | new | Tajik | |
| Alhaj Ezatullah Atif | Kabul | 4,429 | 1.% | m | new | Arab | |
| Alhaj Allah Gull Mujahid | Kabul | 4,115 | 0.9% | m | new | Pashtun | Hezbi Islami |
| Hajji Muhammad Dawoud Kalakani | Kabul | 3,926 | 0.9% | m | incumbent | Tajik | Hezbe Dawat Islami |
| Sharifullah Kamawal | Kabul | 3,876 | 0.9% | m | new | Pashtun | Hezbi Islami |
| Dr Sayed Ali Kazemi | Kabul | 3,764 | 0.8% | m | new | Hazara | Hezbe Eqtedar Milli (Leader) |
| Qais Hassan | Kabul | 3,608 | 0.8% | m | new | Pashtun | Hezbi Islami |
| Sayed Hussain Alimi Balkhi | Kabul | 3,423 | 0.8% | m | incumbent | Hazara | |
| Eng. Shir Wali Wardak | Kabul | 3,409 | 0.8% | m | new | Pashtun | Hezbi Islami |
| Anwar Khan Oriakhil | Kabul | 3,200 | 0.7% | m | incumbent | Pashtun | |
| Ramazan Juma Zada | Kabul | 3,148 | 0.7% | m | new | Hazara | Hezbe Paiwand Milli |
| Shenkai Zaheen Karokhil | Kabul | 2,999 | 0.7% | f | new | Pashtun | |
| Arfanullah Arfan | Kabul | 2,977 | 0.7% | m | incumbent | Pashtun | Hezbi Islami |
| Dr Abdullah Kalimzai Wardak | Kabul | 2,918 | 0.7% | m | new | Pashtun | Hezbi Islami |
| Ustad Qurban Ali Arfani | Kabul | 2,905 | 0.7% | m | new | Hazara | Hezbe Wahdat Islami Millat (Leader) |
| Abdul Hafiz Mansoor | Kabul | 2,903 | 0.7% | m | new | Tajik | Jamiat-e Islami |
| Torpekai Patman | Kabul | 2,258 | 0.5% | f | new | Pashtun | |
| Shukria Barikzai | Kabul | 2,174 | 0.5% | f | incumbent | Pashtun | |
| Ustad Rababa Parwani Darwish | Kabul | 1,309 | 0.3% | f | new | Hazara | |
| General Nazifa Zaki | Kabul | 1,210 | 0.3% | f | new | Tajik | |
| Kubra Mustafawi | Kabul | 1,129 | 0.3% | f | new | Hazara | |
| Fawzia Nasir Yar Guldarayee | Kabul | 1,119 | 0.3% | f | incumbent | Tajik | |
| Turan Sahib Abdul Khaliq Khan Balakarzai | Kandahar | 5,663 | 7.5% | m | new | Pashtun | |
| Muhammad Naiem Lalay Hamidzai | Kandahar | 5,435 | 7.2% | m | new | Pashtun | |
| Hajji Muhammad Omar Nangialay | Kandahar | 4,946 | 6.6% | m | new | Pashtun | |
| Abdul Rahim Ayubi | Kandahar | 4,859 | 6.4% | m | new | Pashtun | |
| Alhaj Mullah Sayed Muhammad Akhund | Kandahar | 3,452 | 4.6% | m | new | Pashtun | |
| Dr. Mahmood Khan | Kandahar | 3,438 | 4.6% | m | new | Pashtun | |
| Khalid Pashtoon | Kandahar | 3,048 | 4.0% | m | incumbent | ||
| Attaullah Jan Habib | Kandahar | 3,004 | 4.0% | m | new | Pashtun | |
| Fariba Ahmadi Kakar | Kandahar | 2,289 | 3.0% | f | new | Pashtun | |
| Bibi Hamida | Kandahar | 938 | 1.2% | f | new | Pashtun | |
| Shakeeba Hashimi | Kandahar | 627 | 0.8% | f | incumbent | Hazara | |
| Alhaj Mirdad Khan Nijrabi | Kapisa | 10,199 | 22.5% | m | new | ||
| Eng. Muhammad Iqbal Safi | Kapisa | 6,641 | 14.7% | m | incumbent | Pashtun | Hezbi Islami |
| Hajji Agha Jan | Kapisa | 3,574 | 7.9% | m | new | Tajik | Hezbi Islami |
| Tahira Mujadidi | Kapisa | 1,464 | 3.2% | f | new | Tajik | Hezbi Islami |
| Kamal Nasir Usoli | Khost | 4,921 | 14.4% | m | new | Pashtun | |
| Homayoon | Khost | 2,839 | 8.3% | m | new | ||
| Alhaj Dr. Mirbat Khan Mangal | Khost | 2,659 | 7.8% | m | new | Pashtun | Hezbi Islami |
| Leyaqatullah Babakarkhil | Khost | 2,176 | 6.4% | m | incumbent | Pashtun | |
| Sahira Sharif | Khost | 2,110 | 6.2% | f | incumbent | Pashtun | |
| Maulawi Shazada Shaid | Kunar | 8,359 | 11.8% | m | incumbent | ||
| Hajji Sakhi | Kunar | 6,827 | 9.7% | m | new | Pashtun | Hezbi Islami |
| Hajji Salih Muhammad | Kunar | 5,853 | 8.3% | m | new | Pashtun | |
| Wagma Sapai | Kunar | 2,538 | 3.6% | f | Pashtun |
The MPs are made up of: (38.5%) 96 Pashtuns, (24.5%) 61 Hazaras, (21%) 53 Tajiks, (6%) 15 Uzbeks, (3%) 8 Aymāq, (3%) 8 Arab, (1%) 3 Turkmen, (1%) 2 Nuristanis, (1%) 1 Baloch, (0.5%) 1 Pashai and (0.5%) 1 Turkic.
Pre-result reaction
President Karzai responded to the allegations, saying "[i]t is early for us to make concrete judgment ... as far as the quality of the election is concerned, and organization, this is too early to judge. The president and government will make judgment after the relevant organisations have concluded their work."[60]
Fraud allegations
Additionally, more than 100 complaints of fraud were filed in the first weekend, with another 1,300 complaints submitted orally, though the election commission said that they would not be reviewed unless they were put into writing.[61] By September 26, 3,460 complaints had been received by the Electoral Complaints Commission.[62]
Many candidates demanded a suspension of the vote because of allegations of fraud and vote-rigging.[63]
The election commission voided more than 20%, or 1.3 million, of the ballots, after fraud investigations.[64]
Twenty-one elected parliamentarians were also disqualified due to fraud.[65] A spokesman of the electoral commission said that 19 of the candidates were winning or leading their races, while two others had failed to win seats.[66]
Despite ongoing allegations of fraud and disqualifications, Karzai agreed to open parliament if the said controversies were not brought up.[67]
On 23 June 2011, a special tribunal led by Sidiquallah Haqiq and set up by Karzai to probe election irregularities declared the election of 62 MPs void and others elected in their stead, about a quarter of the races in the election. The MPs have the right to appeal to the Afghan Supreme Court[68]
On August 21, 2011, The Afghanistan Independent Election Commission announced at a news conference that nine members of Parliament would be removed and that nine candidates, previously disqualified over electoral irregularities, would have their seats restored.[69]
Party results
Only a minority of candidates contested the election on a party ticket, whilst a number of elected MP's were loosely associated with certain parties. Below is a table detailing the NDI's assessment of formal party strength. Due to the often unclear nature of Afghan party politics the figures given are not exact, and do not include unofficial party supporters, but are instead limited to the candidates who openly declared their party allegiance.
| Party | Leader | Seats | Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jamiat-e Islami | Burhanuddin Rabbani | 17 / 249 |  | |
| PIUPA | Mohammad Mohaqiq | 11 / 249 |  | |
| Junbish | Abdul Rashid Dostum | 10 / 249 |  | |
| Jamhori | Engineer Habib | 9 / 249 | | |
| Hezbe Wahdat | Karim Khalili | 7 / 249 | | |
| Mahaz-e Milli | Ishaq Gailani | 6 / 249 | | |
| Afghan Mellat | Anwar ul Haq Ahadi | 4 / 249 | | |
| Dawat-e Islami | Abdul Rasul Sayyaf | 4 / 249 | | |
| Paiwand-e Milli | Sayed Mansur Naderi | 4 / 249 | | |
| Harakat-e Islami | Sayed Hussein Anwari | 4 / 249 | | |
| Hezbi Islami | Abdul Hadi Arghandiwal | 1 / 249 | | |
| Mutahed-e Milli | Nur ul-Haq Ulumi | 1 / 249 | | |
| Adalat-e Islami | Qazi Mohammad Kabir Marzban | 1 / 249 | | |
| Nahzat Hambastagi-e Milli | Sayed Ishaq Gailani | 1 / 249 | | |
| Wahdat Islami Millat-e | Qurban Ali Erfani | 1 / 249 | | |
| Hezbe Eqtedar Milli | Sayed Ali Kazemi | 1 / 249 | | |
| Niaz Milli | Fatima Nazari | 1 / 249 | | |
| Naveen | Yunus Qanuni | 1 / 249 | | |
| Musharakat-e Milli | Najibullah Kabuli | 1 / 249 | | |
| Jamhorikhwahan | Sibghatullah Sanjar | 0 / 249 | | |
| Source: National Democracy Institute, p.30 | ||||
References
- ↑ "Afghan Election Commission Postpones Parliamentary Vote". Rferl.org. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "Afghan parliamentary vote postponed". English.aljazeera.net. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "Afghans Announce Spring Election"
- ↑ Ben Quinn (2010-01-03). "Afghan MPs snub Karzai's new cabinet - President dealt political body blow ahead of key international conference in London later this month". Guardian. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "Afghanistan Postpones Parliamentary Election by 4 Months"
- ↑ Rondeaux, Candace (2010-07-11). "Why Afghanistan's September elections ought to be postponed". Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ Taylor, Rob (2010-07-11). "NATO denies Taliban ascendant as Afghan toll mounts". Reuters.com. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ F_404 (2010-06-23). "List of Afghan parliamentary candidates finalized". English.people.com.cn. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- 1 2 http://www.ecc.org.af/en/
- ↑ Ahmad, Hafiz. "Afghans Disillusioned with Candidate Choice - Most current parliamentarians plan to stand again, despite widespread public mistrust and disappointment". Iwpr.net. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ Dan Murphy (2010-07-30). "Afghanistan election will still include suspected war criminals". Csmonitor.com. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ IWPR-trained journalists - Afghanistan. "Voters Angry at "Warlord" Candidates - Politicians with paramilitary pasts enjoy impunity for past actions". Iwpr.net. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ Taliban death threats hang over Afghan elections
- ↑ http://www.fefa.org.af/index.php
- ↑ "Free & Fair Election Foundation of Afghanistan". Fefa.org.af. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ iec.org.af
- ↑ "(Independent Election Commission)IEC Press Release: Finalization of Polling Center List for 2010 Wolesi Jirga Elections" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ Afghan2010.com - Polling Centers: To Close Or Not To Close by Colin Cookman
- ↑ democracyinternational.com
- ↑ Afghan2010.com - Polling Center List Is Final, IEC Says
- ↑ Afghan2010.com - Security Threats Close More Polling Stations
- ↑ "Afghanistan's "Lottery Effect"". Afghan 2010. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
- ↑ "Afghan2010.com Consensus Recommendations for Electoral Reform". afghan2010.com. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
- ↑ "Q+A: How does Afghanistan's parliamentary election work?". Reuters. 2010-08-24. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "Afghan 2010 Basics: Candidates". Afghan2010.com. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "BBC South Asia: Afghanistan's most unusual parliamentary contenders". Bbc.co.uk. 2010-09-05. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "Europe Says a Third of Karzai Votes Are Suspect "
- ↑ "Should Afghanistan's Next Election Be Delayed? - Afghanistan's Donors Fear May Parliamentary Election Disaster, Some Mull Possibility Of Delay"
- ↑ "US Congressmen Press Afghanistan to Delay Election"
- ↑ "L'Afghanistan veut ses législatives". Lefigaro.fr. 2009-12-29. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "Afghan Election Commission Postpones Parliamentary Vote". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2010-01-24. Retrieved 2010-06-09.
- ↑ Partlow, Joshua (2010-02-15). "Afghanistan's government seeks more control over elections". Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ ALISSA J. RUBIN; Abdul Waheed Wafa contributed reporting. (2010-02-24). "Afghan Leader in Control Of Naming Election Panel". Afghanistan: New York Times. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ Partlow, Joshua (2010-04-01). "Afghan parliament's lower house rejects Karzai election proposals". Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "Abdullah: Afghan parliamentary election a big test". Washingtontimes.com. 2010-05-18. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "The Prospects for Peace and Reconciliation in Afghanistan - A Discussion with Abdullah Abdullah, former foreign minister of Afghanistan". Usip.org. 2010-05-17. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ F_321 (2010-08-13). "Upcoming Afghan elections "on track," challenges remain: UN envoy". English.people.com.cn. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "Unrest Is Undermining Hopes for Afghan Vote"
- ↑ "Clarification of New York Times Article: FEFA Will Observe Insecure Areas". Fefa2010.wordpress.com. 2010-08-14. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "First Observation Report of the 2010 Election Observation Mission: Nomination of Candidates". Fefa2010.wordpress.com. 2010-06-16. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "Second Observation Report of the 2010 Election Observation Mission: The Challenge Period". Fefa2010.wordpress.com. 2010-07-17. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "Third Observation Report of the 2010 Election Observation Mission: The Campaign Period from June 23 to July 15". Fefa2010.wordpress.com. 2010-08-21. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "Fraud and violence expected to mar Afghan parliamentary poll"
- ↑ "Fake cards imperil Afghan elections - Central & South Asia". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "Quran burning threat fuels protests - Central & South Asia". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "South Asia: Karzai 'stripped of outright win'". BBC News. 2009-10-19. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ New York Times: The Next Afghan Election
- ↑ "Reuters: Graft hard to spot in Aghan poll: monitor group by Jonathon Burch". Ca.reuters.com. 2010-09-09. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Afghans brave Taliban to vote in parliamentary election". BBC News Online. 18 September 2010. Archived from the original on 18 September 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
- ↑ "AFP: Rebels strike as Afghanistan goes to the polls". Google.com. 2010-09-18. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- 1 2 3 Nordland, Rod; Rubin, Alissa J. (18 September 2010). "Afghan Vote Marked by Light Turnout and Deadly Attacks". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
- ↑ Rubin, Alissa J. (September 19, 2010). "After Afghan Vote, Complaints of Fraud Surface". The New York Times.
- ↑ Afghan election commission orders recounts Archived September 29, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Afghan poll results delayed - Central & South Asia". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ http://www.iec.org.af/results_10/eng/
- ↑ A very detailed analyze of new parliament by Kabul Center of Strategic Studies Archived July 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Adam Carr's Election Archive". Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ http://www.iec.org.af/results_10/eng/winning_candidates.html
- ↑ "Afghanistan election data". 2010.afghanistanelectiondata.org. 2010-11-24. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "Al-ManarTV:: Karzai Believes Too Early to Judge Afghan Election 20/09/2010". Almanar.com.lb. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ Gregg Carlstrom and Evan Hill. "Uncertainty ahead in Afghanistan - Central & South Asia". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "Afghan Election Process Enters Critical Stage". Afghan2010.com. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "Calls to annul Afghan polls grow - Asia". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "Afghan officials cancel 1.3m votes - Central & South Asia". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ "Afghan poll candidates disqualified - Central & South Asia". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ Mati, Matiullah (2010-11-21). "21 candidates disqualified from Afghan elections". CNN. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
- ↑ "Karzai agrees to open parliament - Central & South Asia". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
- ↑ http://www.rferl.org/content/court_annuls_afghan_election_results_over_alleged_fraud/24244009.html
- ↑ Nordland, Rod (August 21, 2011). "Afghan Election Panel Remakes Parliament". The New York Times.
External links
- Official website of the Afghan Independent Election Commission
- Afghan2010.com - an election information website run by Democracy International