Adapalene

Adapalene
Clinical data
Trade names Differin, Teva, Pimpal, Gallet, Adelene, Adeferin
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a604001
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: D
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of
administration		 Topical
ATC code D10AD03 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability Very low
Excretion Biliary
Identifiers
CAS Number 106685-40-9 YesY
PubChem (CID) 60164
IUPHAR/BPS 5429
DrugBank DB00210 YesY
ChemSpider 54244 YesY
UNII 1L4806J2QF YesY
KEGG D01112 YesY
ChEBI CHEBI:31174 YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL1265 YesY
Chemical and physical data
Formula C28H28O3
Molar mass 412.52 g/mol
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
  (verify)

Adapalene is a third-generation topical retinoid primarily used in the treatment of mild-moderate acne, and is also used off-label to treat keratosis pilaris as well as other skin conditions.[1] It is effective against acne conditions where comedones are predominant.

Medical uses

It is used for the treatment of acne.[2]

Side effects

There is no evidence that the cream causes problems in the baby if used during pregnancy but this use has not been well studied.[2]

Interactions

Adapalene has been shown to enhance the efficacy of topical clindamycin, although adverse effects are also increased.[3] Application of adapalene gel to the skin 3–5 minutes before application of clindamycin enhances penetration of clindamycin into the skin, which may enhance the overall efficacy of the treatment as compared to clindamycin alone.[4]

Pharmacology

Unlike tretinoin (Retin-A), adapalene has also been shown to retain its efficacy when applied at the same time as benzoyl peroxide due to its more stable chemical structure.[5]

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption of adapalene through the skin is low. A study with six acne patients treated once daily for five days with two grams of adapalene cream applied to 1000 cm² of skin found no quantifiable amounts, or less than 0.35 ng/mL of the drug, in the patients' blood plasma.[6]

Mechanism of action

Unlike tretinoin, adapalene inhibits keratinocyte differentiation. This inhibition of keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation is responsible for adapalene’s comedolytic effect. It has both exfoliating and anti-inflammatory effects. In an in vivo study, adapalene’s ability to reduce comedo formation was demonstrated by a 50–60% reduction in comedo counts compared with vehicle.

History

Adapalene is a research product of Galderma Laboratories, France. Adapalene was approved in 1996 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the treatment of acne.

Available forms

Tube of generic adapalene

In the United States, adapalene is available under the brand name Differin' in three different preparations: 0.1% cream, 0.1% gel, and 0.3% gel.[7] The 0.1% gel is available as a generic made by Teva.[8][9] It is also available combined with benzoyl peroxide under the brand name Epiduo.[10] In Europe, only the 0.1% cream and 0.1% gel are available. Adapalene is currently marketed by Galderma under the trade names Differin in some countries, and Adaferin in India.[11] It is mostly available in 0.1% w/w gel form.

As of July 08, 2016, Galderma received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for Differin® Gel (adapalene gel 0.1%) as an over-the-counter (OTC) treatment for acne. [12]

References

  1. ↑ Rolewski S (2003). "Clinical review: topical retinoids". Dermatol Nurs. 15 (5): 447–50, 459–65. PMID 14619325.
  2. 1 2 "FDA approves Differin Gel 0.1% for over-the-counter use to treat acne". July 8, 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  3. ↑ Wolf JE, Kaplan D, Kraus SJ, et al. (2003). "Efficacy and tolerability of combined topical treatment of acne vulgaris with adapalene and clindamycin: a multicenter, randomized, investigator-blinded study". J Am Acad Dermatol. 49 (3 Suppl): S211–7. doi:10.1067/S0190-9622(03)01152-6. PMID 12963897.
  4. ↑ Jain GK, Ahmed FJ (2007). "Adapalene pretreatment increases follicular penetration of clindamycin: in vitro and in vivo studies". Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 73 (5): 326–9. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.34010. PMID 17921613.
  5. ↑ Martin B, Meunier C, Montels D, Watts O (October 1998). "Chemical stability of adapalene and tretinoin when combined with benzoyl peroxide in presence and in absence of visible light and ultraviolet radiation". Br J Dermatol. 139 Suppl 52: 8–11. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.1390s2008.x. PMID 9990414.
  6. ↑ "DIFFERIN® (adapalene) Cream, 0.1% Label" (PDF). FDA. May 25, 2000. Retrieved 4 Oct 2011.
  7. ↑ About Differin Archived May 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  8. ↑ "Teva Introduces Adapalene Gel, 0.1%". PharmQD. 4 June 2010. Retrieved 30 Aug 2011.
  9. ↑ Webber, Keith (2 June 2010). "FDA Approval Letter" (PDF). Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
  10. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/news/20090106/fda-oks-new-acne-gel-epiduo
  11. ↑ http://www.drugsupdate.com/brand/generic/Adapalene/7099/none/2
  12. ↑ . FDA.gov http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm510362.htm. Missing or empty |title= (help)

External links

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