Zonitoides arboreus
| Zonitoides arboreus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Two live individuals of Zonitoides arboreus on orchid plants in a greenhouse | |
| NE[1] | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura clade Panpulmonata clade Eupulmonata clade Stylommatophora informal group Sigmurethra clade limacoid clade |
| Superfamily: | Gastrodontoidea |
| Family: | Gastrodontidae |
| Genus: | Zonitoides |
| Subgenus: | Zonitoides |
| Species: | Z. arboreus |
| Binomial name | |
| Zonitoides arboreus (Say, 1816)[2] | |
Zonitoides arboreus is species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Gastrodontidae. [3]
Distribution
The native distribution of Zonitoides arboreus includes:
- North America[4]
The non-indigenous distribution includes:
- introduced to Iceland[4]
- Hungary[4]
- Switzerland[4]
- Czech Republic - non-indigenous in Moravia since 2006[5]
- Great Britain - non-indigenous as a "hothouse alien"
- Slovakia - non-indigenous as a "hothouse alien"
- Pratas Islands, Taiwan[6]
- New Zealand [7]
- and other parts of the world
In most cases listed above (but not all of them), this species is found as a pest in greenhouses.
Description
The shell is pale yellowish brown, translucent, faintly and irregularly striated.[4] The shell has 4-4.5 whorls. The shell is sometimes very slightly keeled.[4] The umbilicus is deep and contain 1/7 of diameter.[4] There is broadening at the last whorl.[4]
The width of the shell is 4.5–6 mm.[4] The height of the shell is 1.7–3 mm.[4]
Ecology
Zonitoides arboreus is common in woodlands and humid habitats, also in gardens.[4] In Europe it is found in greenhouses, and is occasionally reported outside as an escape.[4]
Snails in this species create and use love darts.
Parasites of Zonitoides arboreus include:
References
This article incorporates public domain text from the reference.[4]
- ↑ 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Cited 6 September 2007.
- ↑ Say T. (1817). Conchology. pp. [unpaginated], 4 pl., in: Nicholson, W. American edition of the British encyclopedia, or, dictionary of arts and sciences comprising an accurate and popular view of the present improved state of human knowledge. First Edition. Philadelphia. Mitchell & Ames.
- ↑ Marshall, B. (2014). Zonitoides arboreus (Say, 1816). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=819980 on 2014-11-06
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Species summary for Zonitoides arboreus". AnimalBase, last modified 26 January 2010, accessed 4 September 2010.
- ↑ Dvořák L. & Kupka L. 2007. The first outdoor find of an American snail Zonitoides arboreus (Say, 1816) from the Czech Republic. Malacologica Bohemoslovaca, 6: 1–2. Online serial at <http://mollusca.sav.sk> 9-Jan-2007.
- ↑ Wu S.-P., Hwang C.-C., Huang H.-M., Chang H.-W., Lin Y.-S. & Lee P.-F. (2007). "Land Molluscan Fauna of the Dongsha Island with Twenty New Recorded Species". Taiwania 52(2): 145-151. PDF Archived July 18, 2011, at the Wayback Machine..
- ↑ Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009). Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. Pp 196-219 in Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch.
- ↑ Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment. "Brainworm". accessed 14 December 2010.
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