Wiggers diagram

A Wiggers diagram

A Wiggers diagram is a standard diagram used in cardiac physiology named after Dr. Carl J. Wiggers.^[1]

The X axis is used to plot time, while the Y axis contains all of the following on a single grid:

Blood pressure
- Aortic pressure
- Ventricular pressure
- Atrial pressure
Ventricular volume
Electrocardiogram
Arterial flow (optional)
Heart sounds (optional)

By illustrating the coordinated variation of these values, it becomes easier to illustrate the relationship between these values in the cardiac cycle.

Events

	Phase	EKG	Heart sounds	Semilunar valves	Atrioventricular valves
A	Atrial systole	P	S4*	closed	open
B	Ventricular systole - Isovolumetric/isovolumic contraction	QRS	S1 ("lub")	closed	closed
C1	Ventricular systole - Ejection 1	-		open	closed
C2	Ventricular systole - Ejection 2	T		open	closed
D	Ventricular diastole - Isovolumetric/isovolumic relaxation	-	S2 ("dub")	closed	closed
E1	Ventricular diastole - Ventricular filling 1	-	S3*	closed	open
E2	Ventricular diastole - Ventricular filling 2	-		closed	open

Note that during isovolumetric/isovolumic contraction and relaxation, all the heart valves are closed. At no time are all the heart valves open.

S3 and S4 heart sounds are associated with pathologies and are not routinely heard.

References

↑ Mitchell, Jamie R.; Wang, Jiun-Jr (2014-06-01). "Expanding application of the Wiggers diagram to teach cardiovascular physiology". Advances in Physiology Education. 38 (2): 170–175. doi:10.1152/advan.00123.2013. ISSN 1043-4046. PMC 4056172. PMID 24913453.

Additional images

Ventricular systole
Cardiac diastole
ECG
The EKG complex. P=P wave, PR=PR interval, QRS=QRS complex, QT=QT interval, ST=ST segment, T=T wave

External links

Physiology of the cardiovascular system

Heart

Cardiac output	Cardiac cycle Cardiac output Heart rate Stroke volume Stroke volume End-diastolic volume End-systolic volume Afterload Preload Frank–Starling law Cardiac function curve Venous return curve Wiggers diagram Pressure volume diagram

Ultrasound	Fractional shortening = (End-diastolic dimension End-systolic dimension) / End-diastolic dimension Aortic valve area calculation Ejection fraction Cardiac index

Heart rate	Cardiac pacemaker Chronotropic (Heart rate) Dromotropic (Conduction velocity) Inotropic (Contractility) Bathmotropic (Excitability) Lusitropic (Relaxation)

Conduction	Conduction system Cardiac electrophysiology Action potential cardiac atrial ventricular Effective refractory period Pacemaker potential Electrocardiography P wave PR interval QRS complex QT interval ST segment T wave U wave Hexaxial reference system

Chamber pressure	Central venous Right atrial ventricular pulmonary artery wedge Left atrial ventricular Aortic

Other	Ventricular remodeling

Vascular system/
Hemodynamics

Blood flow	Compliance Vascular resistance Pulse Perfusion

Blood pressure	Pulse pressure Systolic Diastolic Mean arterial pressure Jugular venous pressure Portal venous pressure

Regulation of BP	Baroreflex Kinin–kallikrein system Renin–angiotensin system Vasoconstrictors Vasodilators Autoregulation Myogenic mechanism Tubuloglomerular feedback Cerebral autoregulation Paraganglia Aortic body Carotid body Glomus cell

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Wiggers diagram

Events

See also

References

Additional images

External links