Walter Devereux of Bodenham and Bromwich

Walter Devereux of Bodenham and Bromwich was an Anglo-Norman knight and sheriff of Herefordshire living during the reigns of Henry III of England and Edward I of England. The Devereux were a prominent family along the Welsh Marches^[1] during the thirteenth century, and integral to the control of this region during the Second Barons' War.

Ancestry and Childhood

Walter Devereux was born about 1221, the son of Sir John Devereux of Bodenham (Herefordshire) and Decies (Ireland). His father was a key member of the retinue of Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke,^[2] and as a result of Henry III's conflict with the earl, John Devereux lost his estates in Ireland.^[3] Walter Devereux was placed as a hostage with Hugh de Kilpeck in 1233^[2] and 1234^[4] to insure his father’s good behavior, and eventually inherited his father's lands in Bodenham.^[5]

Career

Walter Devereux was in the service of the king helping to protect the Welsh Marches during the 1240s. On 29 September 1245 following the death of his father, he was granted respite from the demand of payment by Hamo of Hereford (a Jewish money lender) of a debt of 12½ marks owed by his father, John Devereux.^[6]

About 1242 there is a reference to a release by Robert de Wilmeston, son of Roger de Chandos (Probably Lord of Snodhill), to the monks of Dore of all the land upon the Godway (Blakemere) in Hereford, which the said monks held from Walter’s father, Sir John Devereux. The land extended from the upper part of the Wadel (a tributary of the river Lugg) to the boundaries of Malfeld (in Peterchurch). This charter was witnessed by Walter Devereux.^[7] Devereux also witnessed another later charter of Roger de Wilmeston, son of Roger de Chandos, and his wife, Isabel, which gave to Dore all his land between the Wadel and Isaac's land, and adjacent to the land of the said monks belonging to the grange of Godway. Walter Devereux gave a confirmation of these gifts of land in his fee to the abbey on 6 December 1251.

In 1253 Walter Devereux was granted protection while overseas with the king in Gascony.^[8] Henry III arrived in Gascony in August of 1253, and would remain there until a treaty was signed with Alphonso X in April 1254. Walter may have been injured during this expedition as on 26 July 1256 Walter Devereux is granted an exemption for life from being put on assizes, juries or recognitions, and from being made sheriff etc. against his will.^[9]

Following his marriage to Sarah de Offini about 1252, Walter held additional lands in Bromwich, county Staffordshire.^{[10][lower-alpha 1]} In 1258 his sister-in-law, Margaret de Offini of Bromwich accused a servant of Walter Devereux of holding her against her will.^[10]

During Easter of 1261 Walter Devereux, now stylized as Lord of Bodenham, borrowed 22.5 marks from Ysah son of Dyay, the Jew.^[11] Around this time Lord Walter Devereux, identified as a knight, witnessed the grant of Thinghill (Herefordshire) by Roger Burghull to his son.^[12]

As the Second Barons' War broke out, Walter Devereux probably remained loyal to Henry III like his cousin, William Devereux, and fought for the king at the Battle of Lewes on 14 May 1264. Following the victory of Simon de Montfort, Walter again probably followed his cousin’s lead and went over to the Baronial side. On 28 October 1264 Walter Devereux was appointed sheriff of Herefordshire.^[13] On 20 May 1265 the issues of Herefordshire were committed to the care of ‘Walter de Everiis’ and this included the support of the constable of Hereford Castle.^[14] On 20 June 1265 Walter Devereux, sheriff of Herefordshire, was granted control of Lugwardine, Mawardine and, Dylun.^{[15][lower-alpha 2]} Devereux fought against the king at the Battle of Evesham on 1 August 1265. He appears to have died in the battle and the lands of the rebel, Walter Devereux, were granted to Matilda, wife of Roger Mortimer.^[16]

Marriage

Walter Devereux married Sarah, daughter of Richard de Offini of (West) Bromwich, Staffordshire.^{[10][lower-alpha 3]} about 1252. They are known to have had a son:

• Walter Devereux the Younger^[17] in 1257.^[18]

Death

Walter Devereux of Bodenham and Bromwich probably died in rebellion at the Battle of Evesham on 4 August 1265. His son, Walter Devereux the Younger made claim against Roger Mortimer and Maud his wife for 2 carucates of land in the village of Bodenham, 1 carucate in the village of Maund, and 1 carucate in the village of Wellbrook that they withheld by reason of war and because he was underage. He demonstrated that he was of full age, and was granted his lands according to the terms of the Dictum of Kenilworth.^[18]

Walter Devereux the Younger

In 1275 there is a description in the fine rolls of an accusation by Richard de London against a group of men for beating, ill-treating and imprisoning him at Thirlegh (Tirley). He claimed 20 pounds as damages. He identified his assailants as Philip de Arcy, John Devereus,^{[19][lower-alpha 4]} Vivian de Standon, Hugh de Dutton, Walter Devereus, John Pauncefot, Robert de Somerville, William Fraunceys, William de Mortymer, Nicholas de Huggeford, and thirty-seven others. None of the defendants appeared in court, and the Sheriff is ordered to detain them and bring them to the next court session. William de Upton sued Walter Devereux, Richard de Marham and his wife Margaret in 1276.^[20] This suit demonstrated that Walter’s mother, Sarah de Offini, had died by this time. Upton claimed that a holder of a tenement should not be compelled to view a frankpledge outside of the area they resided. Around this time the Marnhams granted to Robert de Grete a portion of ‘hey’ in Bromwich that had previously been held by William de Wavere. This grant lay between the part of the ‘hey’ of Walter Devereux adjoining the highway from Bromwich church to Grete mill.^[21]The inquisition post-mortem of Roger de Somery in 1290 listed Walter Devereux and Richard Marnham as holding fees from the Barony of Dudley for West Bromwich. Walter also held a manor at Uffington in Berkshire.^[22] Walter Devereux the Younger came before the Justices on 6 January 1292/3 to demonstrate his right (Quo Warranto)to hold Bromwich. The first matter had a jury upholding the younger Walter Devereux ‘s rights to common pasture in West Bromwich by inheritance from his mother, Sarah (de Offini) Devereux, who had inherited this from her grandfather, Richard de Offini. Walter Devereux the Younger’s aunt, Margaret (de Offini) de Marnham’s rights were also upheld on the same grounds. The court additionly upheld their shared rights to have free warren, fair market, and gallows for the manor of Bromwich. The right of ways was deferred to be heard before the king.^[17]In 1301, a Walter Devereux filed suit against Osbert and Margaret de Tamworth of West Bromwich, Richard le Parker, Richard de Wygemere, Ralph Swyft, Henry Dun, and William del Hull for cutting down his trees at West Bromwich. The next year Walter having not prosecuted his writ of novel disseisin against de Tamworth and his wife respecting his tenements in West Bromwich, was placed at the mercy of the court, but his fine was remitted at the instance of Edmund de Mortimer.^{[23][lower-alpha 5]} In September of 1304, Walter Devereux withdrew a suit against Agnes, widow of Roger de Somery, regarding his tenements in West Bromwich.^{[24][lower-alpha 6]} Walter Devereux the Younger died between 1300 and 1304 without an heir, and his estates passed to his cousin of the same name, Walter Devereux of Bodenham.^{[lower-alpha 7]}

Notes

General References

• A.P. Baggs, G.C. Baugh and D.A. Johnston. A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 17, Offlow Hundred (Part): West Bromwich, Manors. (London, 1976), pp. 14–20. accessed 26 December 2015.

Specific References