Vince Foster

Vince Foster

Sketch of Vince Foster
Born Vincent Walker Foster Jr.
(1945-01-15)January 15, 1945
Hope, Arkansas, U.S.
Died July 20, 1993(1993-07-20) (aged 48)
Fairfax County, Virginia, U.S.
Occupation Attorney
Deputy White House Counsel
Spouse(s) Lisa Foster
Children 3

Vincent Walker "Vince" Foster Jr. (January 15, 1945 – July 20, 1993) was a Deputy White House Counsel during the first half-year of President Bill Clinton's administration. Before that, he was a partner at Rose Law Firm in Little Rock, Arkansas, where he was the recipient of several awards, and a colleague and friend of Hillary Rodham Clinton. At the White House he was unhappy with work in politics and spiraled into depression and committed suicide (as confirmed by five official or governmental investigations). Since his death, awards and honors have been named after Foster to validate his contributions to the Arkansas legal profession.

Early life

Foster was born in Hope, Arkansas, to Alice Mae and Vincent W. Foster.[1] His father became prosperous from real estate sales and development.[2][3] Vincent had two sisters, Sheila and Sharon.[1] He was a childhood neighbor and friend of Bill Clinton for the first eight years of his life, until Clinton moved away. As Clinton later recalled, "I lived with my grandparents in a modest little house across from Vince Foster's nice, big, white brick house."[4] Another childhood friend was Mack McLarty, who would one day become White House Chief of Staff for Clinton.[5]

Foster excelled as a student and athlete.[4] At Hope High School, he became president of the student council, with McLarty as vice president.[5] He graduated from there in 1963.[1]

Foster attended Davidson College, graduating with a bachelor's degree in psychology in 1967.[3][6] His father wanted him to join the family real estate business, but he instead chose law.[2]

After starting at Vanderbilt University Law School, he joined the Arkansas National Guard during the height of the Vietnam War[2] to avoid the military draft.[3] To be closer to his guard responsibilities, he transferred to the University of Arkansas School of Law,[2] where he was managing editor of the law review[1] and received his Juris Doctor (J.D.) in 1971, graduating first in his class.[2] Additionally he scored the highest in his class on the Arkansas bar exam.[2]

Foster met Elizabeth (Lisa) Braden during his sophomore year at Davidson; she was the daughter of an insurance broker from Nashville and was attending Sweet Briar College.[2] They married on April 20, 1968,[7] at St. Henry Catholic Church in Nashville.[2] They had three children, Vince III, Laura, and John (called "Brugh").[2]

Arkansas lawyer

In 1971, Foster joined Rose Law Firm in Little Rock, Arkansas,[8] and in 1974 was made partner,[1] one of only nine in the firm at the time.[9] He was the head of the Arkansas Bar Association committee that oversaw legal aid, and as such worked with legal aid clinic worker Hillary Rodham in successfully overcoming an unreasonable measuring requirement for indigent clients.[8] Foster then initiated the hiring of Rodham at Rose Law Firm, where she became its first ever female associate[8] (and later first female partner); Foster and fellow partner Webster Hubbell were instrumental in overcoming the reluctance of other partners to hire a woman.[9] Foster and Rodham worked together on a number of cases.[6]

Rose Law Firm in Little Rock, where Foster worked for two decades

Foster practiced mostly corporate law,[10] eventually earning nearly $300,000 a year.[10] Known for his extensive preparation of cases ahead of time, including the creation of decision trees,[5] Foster developed a reputation as one of the best trial litigators in Arkansas.[6] Hillary Clinton's memoirs call Foster "one of the best lawyers I've ever known," and compared him in style and substance to Gregory Peck's portrayal of Atticus Finch in the classic 1962 film To Kill a Mockingbird.[8] Writer Carl Bernstein has described Foster as "tall, with impeccable manners and a formal mien ... elegant in perfectly tailored suits, and soft-spoken to the point of taciturnity."[9] Writer Dan Moldea characterized him as "a 'can-do' lawyer who worked best when under pressure."[3] Phillip Carroll, the leading litigator at Rose Law Firm, once said of Foster, "He was my ideal of a young lawyer."[11] The ABA Journal reported that Foster was "acknowledged by many as the soul of the firm".[11]

He appeared to experience only success at Rose Law; a partner later said, "I never saw a professional setback. Never. Not even a tiny one."[10] The firm grew five times its size during his time there.[5] The Arkansas Bar Association gave him a number of awards[4] and in June 1993 would name him as its Outstanding Lawyer of the Year.[3] He was also listed in the Best Lawyers in America book.[5] His wife Lisa described him as driven to prevail, staying up around the clock to prepare for big cases, believing he would lose the case even though he rarely did; she later viewed this as an early sign of depressed behavior.[2]

By 1992, Vince Foster was, as The Washington Post later wrote, at "the pinnacle of the Arkansas legal establishment."[12] He was also an established figure in Little Rock society, serving as the chair of the board of the Arkansas Repertory Theatre and belonging to the exclusive Country Club of Little Rock.[5]

White House Counsel

After Clinton's 1992 election, Foster joined Clinton's presidential transition team.[5] Once Clinton was inaugurated, Foster joined his White House staff as Deputy White House Counsel in early 1993.[1] This was despite Foster's initial reluctance to leave his Little Rock life behind and come to Washington.[2][5] There he worked under the White House Counsel, Bernard W. Nussbaum, although Nussbaum would consider the pair to be "co-senior partners".[5] He was also joined with two other Rose Law Firm partners: William H. Kennedy, III, who served as his associate counsel, and Webster Hubbell, who became Associate Attorney General.[13] The Foster residence was a small rented house in Georgetown in Washington, D.C.[5]

Foster had difficulty making the transition to life and politics in Washington.[12] Unlike some other Clinton-associated figures, he had had no experience with campaigns or politics at all.[5] His wife and youngest son were not with him, having stayed behind in Arkansas so the son could complete his senior year of high school at Catholic High in Little Rock.[5][14] His initial role was in vetting potential administration appointees, and in this he was one of the key figures in the transition.[5] As one subject of the vetting process later said, "I wondered why I was being interviewed by the guy who would be deputy counsel. Seemed his job was to find out how honest I was, and what level of ego I was bringing. It's a measure of how much the Clintons trusted him."[5] But Foster found this involvement in vetting appointments to be causing him depression and anxiety.[12] In particular, he blamed himself for the failed Zoë Baird nomination;[12] he had thought that Baird had been justified in following her lawyer's advice regarding the payment of taxes on household employees, but he had failed to anticipate the political backlash that led to it becoming known as "Nannygate" and that blemished the early days of the administration.[5] The equally unsuccessful Kimba Wood and Lani Guinier appointments were also within Foster's purview.[15] He had to resign from the Country Club of Little Rock once its all-white membership became a political issue for others in the administration.[5]

As Deputy Counsel, Foster was also involved in a range of other matters, including preparation of executive orders, analyzing the legal effect of various policies, examining international treaties, discussing the ramifications of authorizations for use of military force, and authorizing expenditures within the White House.[5] Foster worked on placing the Clintons' financial holdings into a blind trust.[5] He handled the Clintons' Madison Guaranty and Industrial Development Corporation paperwork[16] and also several Whitewater-related tax returns.[17] He worked twelve-hour days, six or seven days a week, and although thin to begin with, began losing weight.[5][18]

On May 8, 1993, Foster gave the commencement address at his University of Arkansas Law School alma mater, and said:

The reputation you develop for intellectual and ethical integrity will be your greatest asset or your worst enemy. You will be judged by your judgment. ... Treat every pleading, every brief, every contract, every letter, every daily task as if your career will be judged on it... There is no victory, no advantage, no fee, no favor, which is worth even a blemish on your reputation for intellect and integrity. ... Dents to the reputation in the legal profession are irreparable."[14][5]

One faculty member listening to it recalled telling another that it was "the most depressing graduation speech I had ever heard, in both content and manner."[18] A friend of Foster's has said, "Look, it's just crazy, right? You get one dent and it can never be fixed? In Washington, you get them all the time. You get twenty dents and you go to the body shop. Vince couldn't see that, apparently."[5]

Four days after the speech, the White House travel office controversy erupted.[14][5] Foster was the target of several hostile Wall Street Journal editorials in June and July 1993,[12] with titles such as "Who is Vincent Foster?"[10] He became quite upset over the travel office matter and the possibility of a congressional hearing[12] at which he might have been called to testify.[15] Disliking the public spotlight[10] and suffering from continued weight loss and insomnia,[12] he considered resigning his position but feared a personal humiliation upon returning to Arkansas.[12]

Death

Grave of Vince Foster at Memory Gardens Cemetery in his boyhood home of Hope

Struggling with depression,[10][12] which after his death was assessed as clinical depression,[19] Foster was prescribed the anti-depressant medication trazodone over the phone by his Arkansas doctor, though he was given an insufficient initial dosage to have much effect.[10] The next day, Foster was found dead in Fort Marcy Park, a federal park in Virginia. An autopsy determined that he was shot in the mouth and no other wounds were found on his body.[20]

A draft resignation letter was found torn into 27 pieces in his briefcase. The letter contained a list of complaints, including, "The WSJ editors lie without consequence"[21] and saying, "I was not meant for the job or the spotlight of public life in Washington. Here ruining people is considered sport."

His funeral mass was held at the Cathedral of St. Andrew Catholic Church in Little Rock.[6] Bill Clinton gave a eulogy in which he recalled their boyhood times together and quoted a line from Leon Russell's "A Song for You": "I love you in a place that has no space and time."[22] Foster was buried in Memory Gardens Cemetery in his hometown of Hope. Foster was 48 years old and was survived by his wife and three children.

Subsequent investigations

Five official or governmental investigations into Foster's death all concluded that he committed suicide.[23]

  1. The first was by the United States Park Police in 1993, in whose jurisdiction the original investigation fell.[24] Because of Foster's position in the White House, the Federal Bureau of Investigation assisted in the investigation, as did several other state and federal agencies.[24] The result of this investigation was released as a joint report from the Department of Justice, the FBI, and the Park Police on August 10, 1993, and it stated: "The condition of the scene, the medical examiner's findings and the information gathered clearly indicate that Mr. Foster committed suicide."[24]
  2. Investigations by a coroner and Independent Counsel Robert B. Fiske, in a 58-page report released on June 30, 1994, also concluded that Foster had committed suicide.[15] This report made use of FBI resources and incorporated the views of several experienced pathologists; it concluded: "The overwhelming weight of the evidence compels the conclusion ... that Vincent Foster committed suicide in Fort Marcy Park on July 20, 1993."[24]
  3. In addition, two investigations by the U.S. Congress found that Foster committed suicide.[15] One was by Representative William F. Clinger Jr. from Pennsylvania, the ranking Republican on the House Government Reform and Oversight Committee, who reached this conclusion in a finding published on August 12, 1994.[24]
  4. The other was by the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, wherein both the majority Democratic and minority Republican reports reached the same conclusion in reports issued on January 3, 1995.[24]
  5. Theories of a cover-up persisted, however,[25] some of which were promulgated by the Arkansas Project.[26] The speculation and conspiracy theories featured on talk radio and elsewhere caused pain to the Foster family.[12] After a three-year investigation, Whitewater independent counsel Ken Starr[25] released a report on October 10, 1997, also concluding that the death was a suicide.[15][27] In response, Sheila Foster Anthony, sister of Vince, said that she agreed with Starr's findings but criticized his investigation for having taken so long, thus contributing to the existence of "ridiculous conspiracy theories proffered by those with a profit or political motive".[27]

Legacy

Foster's death, occurring just six months into the new administration, is thought by some to have ended the optimism and remaining innocence of the White House staff.[28] White House chief-of-staff and childhood friend Mack McLarty said that "It was a deep cut. It clearly had a tremendous impact."[28] Nussbaum said that if Foster had lived, he would have helped resist the calls to appoint independent counsels, and the many investigations lumped under the Whitewater umbrella that occupied the administration and Clinton for the rest of his presidency, might not have happened.[28] As it happened, how Hillary Clinton's chief of staff, Maggie Williams, in particular handled Foster's files and documents immediately after his death became an issue of much investigation itself.[15][29]

Years later, Bill Clinton expressed his continued anger about the Foster rumors and theories, clenching a fist as he spoke: "I heard a lot of the right-wing talk show people ... and all the sleazy stuff they said. They didn't give a rip that he had killed himself or that his family was miserable or that they could break the hearts [of Foster's friends and family]. It was just another weapon to slug us with, to dehumanize us with."[18]

Foster's passing also had an effect on Rose Law Firm, as many within the firm had expected Foster to become its leader once he returned from service in Washington.[11] As one partner later said, "In meetings of the partners, he didn't often take a vocal stand. ... But when he did, it almost always swayed the firm. When he left for Washington, people here spoke openly about the emotional vacuum."[5] He was also thought likely to someday become president of the state bar association or a choice for a federal judgeship.[2]

Beginning in 1993, the Vince Foster, Jr., Outstanding Lawyer Award was given out annually by the Pulaski County Bar Association to recognize members who contributed to the bar and advanced the legal profession.[30] An endowed chair at the University of Arkansas School of Law, the Vincent Foster University Professor of Legal Ethics and Professional Responsibility, was created in his name.[6] In 2015 a holder of the chair, Howard W. Brill, was appointed Chief Justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Factual Summary: Mr. Foster's Background and Activities on July 20, 1993". Whitewater: The Foster Report. United States Office of the Independent Counsel via The Washington Post. 1997-10-11. Retrieved 2008-12-09. mirror
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Boyer, Peter J. (1995-09-11). "Life After Vince" (fee required). The New Yorker.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Moldea, Dan E. (1998). A Washington Tragedy: How the Death of Vincent Foster Ignited a Political Firestorm. Regnery Publishing. pp. 62–63, 402n. ISBN 0-89526-382-3.
  4. 1 2 3 Epstein, Aaron; Greve, Frank (July 22, 1993). "Legal aide's suicide stuns president". Ocala Star-Banner. Knight-Ridder Newspapers. p. 4A.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Von Drehle, David (August 15, 1993). "The Crumbling of a Pillar in Washington". The Washington Post.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "Vince Walker Foster Jr. (1945–1993)". Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
  7. ↑ Kelley, Sarah Foster (1973). Children of Nashville: Lineages from James Robertson. Blue & Gray Press. p. 423.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Hillary Rodham Clinton, Living History, Simon & Schuster, 2003, ISBN 0-7432-2224-5, pp. 78–81.
  9. 1 2 3 Carl Bernstein, A Woman in Charge: The Life of Hillary Rodham Clinton, Knopf, ISBN 0-375-40766-9. pp. 128–131.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Jason DeParle, " A Life Undone: Portrait of a White House Aide Ensnared by His Perfectionism", The New York Times, August 22, 1993. Accessed July 29, 2007.
  11. 1 2 3 Carter, Terry (July 1998). "From Bum's Rush to Bum Rap". ABA Journal. p. 46.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Von Drehle, David; Schneider, Howard (1994-07-01). "Foster's Death a Suicide". The Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved 2009-03-31. mirror
  13. ↑ Dickenson, Mollie (July 27, 1998). "Victim of circumstance". Salon.
  14. 1 2 3 Ronald W. Maris; Alan L. Berman; Morton M. Silverman (2000). Comprehensive Textbook of Suicidology. Guilford Press. pp. 280–281. ISBN 1-57230-541-X.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gerald S. Greenberg, Historical Encyclopedia of U.S. Independent Counsel Investigations, Greenwood Press, 2000. ISBN 0-313-30735-0. pp 133–134.
  16. ↑ "Rose Law Firm billing records". Frontline. WGBH educational foundation: PBS.
  17. ↑ Jeff Gerth and Stephen Labaton, "Whitewater Papers Cast Doubt on Clinton Account of a Tax Underpayment", The New York Times, August 6, 1995. Accessed April 30, 2007.
  18. 1 2 3 Gormley, Ken (2010). The Death of American Virtue: Clinton vs. Starr. New York: Crown Publishers. pp. 72–73, 89–90. ISBN 0-307-40944-9.
  19. ↑ "State of Mind". Whitewater: The Foster Report. United States Office of the Independent Counsel via The Washington Post. 1997-10-11. Retrieved 2011-12-30.
  20. ↑ Beyer, Dr. James C. "Report of Investigation by Medical Examiner, Vince Foster Autopsy Findings" (PDF). AutopsyFiles.org. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  21. ↑ Steinberg, Jacques (December 11, 2003). "Robert L. Bartley, 66, Dies; Led Journal Editorial Page". The New York Times. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
  22. ↑ Jason DeParle, " President Returns Home To Bury Boyhood Friend", The New York Times, July 24, 1993. Accessed July 28, 2007.
  23. ↑ Office of the Independent Counsel. "Report on the Death of Vincent W. Foster, Jr." October 10, 1997
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Background". Whitewater: The Foster Report. United States Office of the Independent Counsel via The Washington Post. 1997-10-11. Retrieved 2016-07-13.
  25. 1 2 Report: Starr Rules Out Foul Play In Foster Death CNN February 23, 1997
  26. ↑ "'Arkansas Project' Led to Turmoil and Rifts". The Washington Post. May 2, 1999. p. A24.
  27. 1 2 Schmidt, Susan (October 11, 1997). "Starr Probe Reaffirms Foster Killed Himself". The Washington Post. p. A4.
  28. 1 2 3 "One Death Altered Path of Presidency", Peter Baker, The Washington Post, July 20, 1998.
  29. ↑ "Memo Links First Lady To Handling Of Suicide Note", CNN, August 27, 1996.
  30. ↑ "WLJ Partner Receives Outstanding Lawyer Award; WLJ Paralegal Named Legal Support Professional of the Year by PCBA" (Press release). Wright, Lindsey & Jennings LLP. June 2, 2011.
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