Variable data printing

Variable-data printing (VDP) (also known as variable-information printing (VIP) or VI) is a form of digital printing, including on-demand printing, in which elements such as text, graphics and images may be changed from one printed piece to the next, without stopping or slowing down the printing process and using information from a database or external file.^[1] For example, a set of personalized letters, each with the same basic layout, can be printed with a different name and address on each letter. Variable data printing is mainly used for direct marketing, customer relationship management, advertising, invoicing and applying addressing^[2] on selfmailers, brochures or postcard campaigns.

Variable Data Printing

VDP is a direct outgrowth of digital printing, which harnesses computer databases and digital print devices and highly effective software to create high-quality, full color documents, with a look and feel comparable to conventional offset printing. Variable data printing enables the mass customization of documents via digital print technology, as opposed to the 'mass-production' of a single document using offset lithography. Instead of producing 10,000 copies of a single document, delivering a single message to 10,000 customers, variable data printing could print 10,000 unique documents with customized messages for each customer.

The returns for variable printing vary from double the normal return at the basic level to 10-15 times the return for fully variable jobs. This naturally depends on content and the relevancy of that content, but the technique presents an effective tool for increasing ROI on marketing campaigns.

There are several levels of variable printing. The most basic level involves changing the salutation or name on each copy much like mail merge. More complicated variable data printing uses 'versioning', where there may be differing amounts of customization for different markets, with text and images changing for groups of addresses based upon which segment of the market is being addressed. Finally there is full variability printing, where the text and images can be altered for each individual address. All variable data printing begins with a basic design that defines static elements and variable fields for the pieces to be printed. While the static elements appear exactly the same on each piece, the variable fields are filled in with text or images as dictated by a set of application and style rules and the information contained in the database.

There are three main operational methodologies for variable data printing.^[3]

In one methodology, a static document is loaded into printer memory. The printer is instructed, through the print driver or Raster Image Processor (RIP) to always print the static document when sending any page out to the printer driver or RIP. Variable data can then be printed on top of the static document. This methodology is the simplest way to execute VDP, however its capability is less than that of a typical mail merge.

A second methodology is to combine the static and variable elements into print files, prior to printing, using standard software. This produces a conventional (and potentially huge) print file^[4] with every image being merged into every page. A shortcoming of this methodology is that running many very large print files can overwhelm the RIP’s processing capability. When this happens, printing speeds might become slow enough to be impractical for a print job of more than a few hundred pages.

A third methodology is to combine the static and variable elements into print files, prior to printing, using specialized VDP software. This produces optimized print files, such as PDF/VT, PostScript or PPML,^[4] that maximize print speed since the RIP only needs to process static elements once.^[5]

VDP Software & Services

There are many software packages available to merge text and images into VDP print files. Some are stand-alone software packages, however most of the advanced VDP software packages are actually plug-in modules for one or more publishing software packages such as Adobe Creative Suite.^[6]

Besides VDP software, other software packages may be necessary for VDP print projects. Mailing software is necessary in the United States (United States Postal Service) and Canada to take advantage of reduced postage for bulk mailing.^[2] Used prior to the VDP print file creation, mailing software presorts and validates and generates bar codes for mailing addresses. Pieces can then be printed in the proper sequence for sorting by postal code. Software to manage data quality (e.g. for duplicate removal or handling of bad records) and uniformity may also be needed.^[7] In lieu of purchasing software,^[8] various companies provide an assortment of VDP-related print file, mailing and data services.

VDP Software & Services Providers

Following is a list^[8] of companies providing software and/or services for file merging, mail presorting and/or data cleansing for variable data printing.

(A) Provides VDP software from Objectif Lune

(B) Produces conventional (non-RIP optimized) print files

(C) Integrated Address Hygiene & Presort provided by TEC Mailing Solutions, LLC

(D) TEC Mailing Solution’s WebServices API is used to seamlessly integrate Address Hygiene and Presort in many of the commonly used VDP solutions like Flex Systems,FlexMail and PTI’s, FusionPro as an embedded function.

(E) XMPie software can work with various data sources that have been presorted and cleansed. Also provides the ability to modify end values as needed. (For example, FindAndReplace() function can be used to fix misspellings.)

Benefits

The difference between variable data printing and traditional printing is the personalization that is involved. Personalization allows a company to connect to its customers. Variable data printing is more than a variable name or address in a printed piece; in the past, a variable name would have been effective, because it was a new concept at the time. In today’s world, personalization has to reflect what the customer values. In order for VDP to be successful, the company must know something about the customer. For example, a customer who loves baseball receives a VDP postcard with an image of their favorite baseball player. The postcard is effective, because the customer is more likely to read what is on it. An example of an ineffective VDP piece would be to mail a postcard to the same customer with an image of a soccer player. If the customer has no interest in soccer, then he or she may or may not pay attention to the postcard. The idea is to add value to the customer through the ability to relate to them. Personalization allows a company to relate, communicate, and possibly start a relationship with a prospective customer and to maintain a relationship with their current customers. A prospect that is converted to a customer can then be converted to a loyal customer. Companies want to create loyal customers, and variable data printing can help gain these types of customers, along with quality work and service.^[10]

Another benefit is the increase in the response rate and response time. Because personalization catches the attention of the consumer, the response rate of a mail campaign increases. Personalization also increases the response time, because the mailed piece has an effect on the consumer. This effect causes the consumer to respond quicker. A mailed piece that is not eye-catching may be put down and forgotten until a later time, so it may take weeks before a response is received.^[10]

The Consumer

The consumer is the most important aspect of variable data printing. In order for the campaign to be successful, the company must have all the necessary data about the customer. Data is important anytime a product campaign is beginning. If the company does not know their prospects or customers, they may lose them or fail to realize they are targeting the wrong people. Every product is not for every person so getting to know what your target consumer wants, expects, and enjoys is important. For example, selling dog treats to a person who only has a cat will not be successful. The consumer has no use for what is being sold to them, so it is important to know the target consumers before starting a campaign. Marketing research is often the tool used to gain knowledge about the consumer; it is also the second step in a marketing plan. An example of how marketing is used to learn about consumers through surveys. Surveys that have an incentive attached to them for completion usually have high response rates, because the consumer perceives value for completing the survey. Once the target consumer has been found, the data needed for a campaign can be used. This data is what becomes variable. The data gained from research will go in a database, and this is where the data will be pulled for the variable pieces. An example of a variable element would be age. Age could determine what type of message is sent out to a certain age group.^[11]

Integration

Variable data printing can be combined with other platforms – such as PURLS, email blasts, and QR codes; all three platforms are considered marketing tools. Many people have found the benefit of combining all of these platforms in order to have a successful campaign. Email blasts and PURLS allow a company to find out information about their consumer. An email blasts usually doesn’t contain much personalization, but it can. The bulk of the personalization would be seen in a PURL. A PURL is a personalized uniform resource locator (URL). In short, it is a landing page. It is also where most of the knowledge about the consumer will be gained. The email blasts will contain a PURL, which will lead the consumer to a personalized page. The PURL is where a company can gain information about the consumer through the requested information. The QR code can be added to a mailed piece. It works like an email blasts. It directs the consumer to a website. The integration of these three platforms can help a campaign.^[10]

Origin of the concept

The origin of the term variable data printing is widely credited to Frank Romano, Professor Emeritus, School of Print Media, at the College of Imaging Arts and Sciences at Rochester Institute of Technology. Mr. Romano does not explicitly take credit for coining the term ^[12] but points to his use of it as early as 1969 and its appearance in the 1999 book, “Personalized and Database Printing”, that he authored with David Broudy.^[12]

The concept of merging static document elements and variable document elements predates the term and has seen various implementations ranging from simple desktop 'mail merge', to complex mainframe applications in the financial and banking industry. In the past, the term VDP has been most closely associated with digital printing machines. However, in recent years the application of this technology has spread to web pages, emails, and mobile messaging.

See also

• Desktop publishing
• Mail merge
• Digital printing
• Dynamic publishing
• Mass customization
• Offset printing (not variable at all)
• Print on demand (not usually variable)
• Transaction printing (highly variable)

References

1. ↑ "ABC's of VDP - A Variable Data Printing Basics Guide" (PDF). Electronics for Imaging, Inc. Retrieved 3 June 2011. 
2. 1 2 "Saving Mailing Costs with Variable Data Printing". On Demand Expo eNewletter. 23 May 2011. Retrieved 1 June 2011. 
3. ↑ "Variable-Data Printing: Personalized Delivery of Information for the 21st Century". Rockport Custom Publishing, LLC. Retrieved 4 June 2011. 
4. 1 2 "Speaking In Tongues: Sorting Out Variable Data Printing Languages" (PDF). Volume 7, Number 17. The Seybold Report. Retrieved 4 June 2011. 
5. ↑ Hohensee, Reinhard. "Managing Variable Data Full-Color Printing at High Speeds" (PDF). InfoPrint Solutions. Retrieved 5 June 2011. 
6. ↑ "A New Generation of Variable Data Publishing Solutions" (PDF). Adobe Systems Incorporated. Retrieved 5 June 2011. 
7. ↑ Frey, Franziska. "Upstream Database and Digital Asset Management in Variable Data Printing" (PDF). Printing Industry Center at RIT. Retrieved 5 June 2011. 
8. 1 2 Jordan, Jessica. "Designing for Digital: Skill Sets Needed to Design for Variable Data" (PDF). Rochester Institute of Technology. Retrieved 5 June 2011. 
9. ↑ Administrator. "Tango® QuickStep Studio™". alliance.quark.com. Retrieved 2016-03-01. 
10. 1 2 3 Tierney, Jim. "Variable data printing update". Retrieved 22 February 2013. 
11. ↑ "ABC's of VDP" (PDF). Retrieved 22 February 2013. 
12. 1 2 "Frank Romano on VDP" (web page). Digital Formatting Services. 17 January 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013. 

European printers for variable data

Postel RR Donnelley PrintingWeb Mediagraf