United States District Court for the District of Columbia

"Supreme Court of the District of Columbia" redirects here. For the court of last resort for the District of Columbia, see District of Columbia Court of Appeals.
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
(D.D.C.)
Location: Washington, D.C.
Appeals to: District of Columbia Circuit
Established: 1863
Judges assigned: 15
Chief Judge: Beryl A. Howell
http://www.dcd.uscourts.gov/

The United States District Court for the District of Columbia (in case citations, D.D.C.) is a federal district court. Appeals from the District are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).

History

E. Barrett Prettyman Federal Courthouse

The court was established by Congress in 1863 as the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, replacing the abolished circuit and district courts of the District of Columbia that had been in place since 1801. The court consisted of four justices, including a chief justice, and was granted the same powers and jurisdiction as the earlier circuit court. Any of the justices could convene a United States circuit court or a local criminal court. In 1936, Congress renamed the court the District Court for the District of Columbia. Its current name was adopted in 1948, and from then on justices were known as judges.

Originally housed in the former District of Columbia City Hall, the court now sits in the E. Barrett Prettyman Federal Courthouse located at 333 Constitution Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C. The District has no local district attorney or equivalent, and so local prosecutorial matters also fall into the jurisdiction of the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia. Assistant United States Attorneys (AUSAs) are tasked with prosecution of not only federal crimes but also crimes that would normally be left to the state prosecutor's discretion. Because of this the District has the largest U.S. Attorney's Office in the nation, with around 250 AUSAs.

Current judges

# Title Judge Duty station Born Term of service Appointed by
Active Chief Senior
96 Chief Judge Beryl A. Howell Washington, D.C. 1956 2010–present 2016–present
—
 Obama
85 District Judge Emmet G. Sullivan Washington, D.C. 1947 1994–present
—
—
 Clinton
88 District Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly Washington, D.C. 1943 1997–present
—
—
 Clinton
94 District Judge Richard J. Leon Washington, D.C. 1949 2002–present
—
—
 G.W. Bush
98 District Judge James E. Boasberg Washington, D.C. 1963 2011–present
—
—
 Obama
99 District Judge Amy Berman Jackson Washington, D.C. 1954 2011–present
—
—
 Obama
100 District Judge Rudolph Contreras Washington, D.C. 1962 2012–present
—
—
 Obama
101 District Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson Washington, D.C. 1970 2013–present
—
—
 Obama
102 District Judge Christopher Reid Cooper Washington, D.C. 1966 2014–present
—
—
 Obama
103 District Judge Tanya S. Chutkan Washington, D.C. 1962 2014–present
—
—
 Obama
104 District Judge Randolph D. Moss Washington, D.C. 1961 2014–present
—
—
 Obama
105 District Judge Amit Priyavadan Mehta Washington, D.C. 1971 2014–present
—
—
 Obama
106 District Judge vacant Washington, D.C. — — — — —
107 District Judge vacant Washington, D.C. — — — — —
108 District Judge vacant Washington, D.C. — — — — —
74 Senior District Judge Joyce Hens Green inactive 1928 1979–1995
—
 1995–present Carter
77 Senior District Judge Thomas F. Hogan Washington, D.C. 1938 1982–2008 2001–2008 2008–present Reagan
81 Senior District Judge Royce C. Lamberth Washington, D.C. 1943 1987–2013 2008–2013 2013–present Reagan
83 Senior District Judge Paul L. Friedman Washington, D.C. 1944 1994–2009
—
 2009–present Clinton
84 Senior District Judge Gladys Kessler Washington, D.C. 1938 1994–2007
—
 2007–present Clinton
91 Senior District Judge Ellen Segal Huvelle Washington, D.C. 1948 1999–2014
—
 2014–present Clinton
92 Senior District Judge Reggie Walton Washington, D.C. 1949 2001–2015
—
 2015–present G.W. Bush
93 Senior District Judge John D. Bates[1] Washington, D.C. 1946 2001–2014
—
 2014–present G.W. Bush
95 Senior District Judge Rosemary M. Collyer Washington, D.C. 1945 2002–2016
—
 2016–present G.W. Bush

Vacancies and pending nominations

Seat Seat last held by Vacancy reason Date of vacancy Nominee Date of nomination
15 Reggie Walton Senior Status December 31, 2015 Florence Y. Pan April 28, 2016
3 Richard W. Roberts Retirement March 16, 2016 Todd E. Edelman April 28, 2016
2 Rosemary M. Collyer Senior Status May 18, 2016 Abid Riaz Qureshi September 6, 2016

Former judges

# Judge State Born–died Active service Chief Judge Senior status Appointed by Reason for
termination
1 Cartter, David KelloggDavid Kellogg Cartter DC 1812–1887 1863–1887 1863–1887 — Lincoln, Lincoln death
2 Fisher, George P.George P. Fisher DC 1817–1899 1863–1870 — — Lincoln, Lincoln resignation
3 Olin, Abram B.Abram B. Olin DC 1808–1879 1863–1879 — — Lincoln, Lincoln retirement
4 Wylie, AndrewAndrew Wylie DC 1814–1905 1863[2]–1885 — — Lincoln, Lincoln retirement
5 Humphreys, David CampbellDavid Campbell Humphreys DC 1817–1879 1870–1879 — — Grant, Grant death
6 MacArthur, Sr., ArthurArthur MacArthur, Sr. DC 1815–1896 1870–1887 — — Grant, Grant retirement
7 Hagner, Alexander BurtonAlexander Burton Hagner DC 1826–1915 1879–1903 — — Hayes, Hayes retirement
8 Cox, Walter SmithWalter Smith Cox DC 1826–1902 1879–1899 — — Hayes, Hayes retirement
9 James, Charles PinckneyCharles Pinckney James DC 1818–1899 1879[3]–1892 — — Hayes, Hayes retirement
10 Merrick, William MatthewsWilliam Matthews Merrick DC 1818–1889 1885[4]–1889 — — Cleveland, Cleveland death
11 Montgomery, Martin V.Martin V. Montgomery DC 1840–1898 1887[5]–1892 — — Cleveland, Cleveland resignation
12 Bingham, Edward FranklinEdward Franklin Bingham DC 1828–1907 1887[6]–1903 1887–1903 — Cleveland, Cleveland retirement
13 Bradley, Andrew CoyleAndrew Coyle Bradley DC 1844–1902 1889–1902 — — Harrison, B.B. Harrison death
14 McComas, Louis E.Louis E. McComas DC 1846–1907 1892[7]–1899 — — Harrison, B.B. Harrison resignation
15 Cole, Charles CleavesCharles Cleaves Cole DC 1841–1905 1893–1901 — — Harrison, B.B. Harrison resignation
16 Clabaugh, Harry M.Harry M. Clabaugh DC 1856–1914 1899–1903 — — McKinley, McKinley reappointment
16.1 Clabaugh, Harry M.Harry M. Clabaugh DC 1856–1914 1903[8]–1914 1903–1914 — Roosevelt, T.T. Roosevelt death
17 Barnard, JobJob Barnard DC 1844–1923 1899[9]–1914 — — McKinley, McKinley retirement
18 Anderson, Thomas H.Thomas H. Anderson DC 1848–1916 1901[10]–1916 — — McKinley, McKinley death
19 Gould, Ashley MulgraveAshley Mulgrave Gould DC 1859–1921 1902–1921 — — Roosevelt, T.T. Roosevelt death
20 Pritchard, Jeter ConnellyJeter Connelly Pritchard DC 1857–1921 1903–1904 — — Roosevelt, T.T. Roosevelt reappointment
21 Wright, Daniel ThewDaniel Thew Wright DC 1864–1943 1903–1914 — — Roosevelt, T.T. Roosevelt resignation
22 Stafford, Wendell PhillipsWendell Phillips Stafford DC 1861–1953 1904[11]–1931 — — Roosevelt, T.T. Roosevelt retirement
23 Covington, James HarryJames Harry Covington DC 1870–1942 1914–1918 1914–1918 — Wilson, Wilson resignation
24 McCoy, Walter I.Walter I. McCoy DC 1859–1933 1914–1918 — — Wilson, Wilson reappointment
24.1 McCoy, Walter I.Walter I. McCoy DC 1859–1933 1918–1929 1918–1929 — Wilson, Wilson retirement
25 Siddons, Frederick LincolnFrederick Lincoln Siddons DC 1864–1931 1915–1931 — — Wilson, Wilson death
26 Hitz, WilliamWilliam Hitz DC 1872–1935 1916[12]–1931 — — Wilson, Wilson reappointment
27 Bailey, Thomas JenningsThomas Jennings Bailey DC 1867–1963 1918–1950 — 1950–1963 Wilson, Wilson death
28 Hoehling, Jr., Adolph A.Adolph A. Hoehling, Jr. DC 1868–1941 1921–1927 — — Harding, Harding resignation
29 Gordon, PeytonPeyton Gordon DC 1870–1946 1928–1941 — 1941–1946 Coolidge, Coolidge death
30 Wheat, Alfred AdamsAlfred Adams Wheat DC 1867–1943 1929–1930 — — Hoover, Hoover reappointment
30.1 Wheat, Alfred AdamsAlfred Adams Wheat DC 1867–1943 1930–1941 1930–1941 1941–1943 Hoover, Hoover death
31 Adkins, Jesse CorcoranJesse Corcoran Adkins DC 1879–1955 1930–1946 — 1946–1955 Hoover, Hoover death
32 Luhring, Oscar RaymondOscar Raymond Luhring DC 1879–1944 1930–1944 — — Hoover, Hoover death
33 Cox, Joseph WinstonJoseph Winston Cox DC 1875–1939 1930–1939 — — Hoover, Hoover death
34 Proctor, James McPhersonJames McPherson Proctor DC 1882–1953 1931–1948 — — Hoover, Hoover reappointment
35 Letts, F. DickinsonF. Dickinson Letts DC 1875–1965 1931[13]–1961 1958–1959 1961–1965 Hoover, Hoover death
36 O'Donoghue, Daniel WilliamDaniel William O'Donoghue DC 1876–1948 1931[14]–1946 — 1946–1948 Hoover, Hoover death
37 Laws, Bolitha JamesBolitha James Laws DC 1891–1958 1938–1945 — — Roosevelt, F.F. Roosevelt reappointment
37.1 Laws, Bolitha JamesBolitha James Laws DC 1891–1958 1945–1948 1945–1948 — Roosevelt, F.F. Roosevelt reappointment
37.2 Laws, Bolitha JamesBolitha James Laws DC 1891–1958 1948–1958 1948–1958 — operation of law death
38 Goldsborough, Thomas AlanThomas Alan Goldsborough DC 1877–1951 1939–1951 — — Roosevelt, F.F. Roosevelt death
39 Morris, James WardJames Ward Morris DC 1890–1960 1939–1960 — — Roosevelt, F.F. Roosevelt death
40 Pine, David AndrewDavid Andrew Pine DC 1891–1970 1940–1965 1959–1961 1965–1970 Roosevelt, F.F. Roosevelt death
41 McGuire, Matthew FrancisMatthew Francis McGuire DC 1898–1986 1941–1966 1961–1966 1966–1986 Roosevelt, F.F. Roosevelt death
42 Eicher, Edward C.Edward C. Eicher DC 1878–1944 1942–1944 1942–1944 — Roosevelt, F.F. Roosevelt death
43 Schweinhaut, Henry AlbertHenry Albert Schweinhaut DC 1902–1970 1944–1956 — 1956–1970 Roosevelt, F.F. Roosevelt death
44 Holtzoff, AlexanderAlexander Holtzoff DC 1886–1969 1945–1967 — 1967–1969 Truman, Truman death
45 Keech, Richmond BowlingRichmond Bowling Keech DC 1896–1986 1946[15]–1966 1966–1966 1966–1986 Truman, Truman death
46 Curran, Edward MatthewEdward Matthew Curran DC 1903–1988 1946[16]–1971 1966–1971 1971–1988 Truman, Truman death
47 Tamm, Edward AllenEdward Allen Tamm DC 1906–1985 1948[17]–1965 — — Truman, Truman reappointment
48 Kirkland, James RobertJames Robert Kirkland DC 1903–1958 1949[18]–1958 — — Truman, Truman death
49 Matthews, Burnita SheltonBurnita Shelton Matthews DC 1894–1988 1949[19]–1968 — 1968–1988 Truman, Truman death
50 McLaughlin, Charles F.Charles F. McLaughlin DC 1987–1976 1949[20]–1964 — 1964–1976 Truman, Truman death
51 Bastian, Walter MaximillianWalter Maximillian Bastian DC 1891–1975 1950[21]–1954 — — Truman, Truman reappointment
52 Youngdahl, LutherLuther Youngdahl DC 1896–1978 1951–1966 — 1966–1978 Truman, Truman death
53 McGarraghy, Joseph CharlesJoseph Charles McGarraghy DC 1897–1975 1954–1967 — 1967–1975 Eisenhower, Eisenhower death
54 Sirica, JohnJohn Sirica DC 1904–1992 1957–1977 1971–1974 1977–1992 Eisenhower, Eisenhower death
55 Hart, Jr., George LuzerneGeorge Luzerne Hart, Jr. DC 1905–1984 1958[22]–1979 1974–1975 1979–1984 Eisenhower, Eisenhower death
56 Walsh, Leonard PatrickLeonard Patrick Walsh DC 1904–1980 1959–1971 — 1971–1980 Eisenhower, Eisenhower death
57 Jones, William BlakelyWilliam Blakely Jones DC 1907–1979 1962–1977 1975–1977 1977–1979 Kennedy, Kennedy death
58 Robinson III, Spottswood WilliamSpottswood William Robinson III DC 1916–1998 1964[23]–1966 — — Johnson, Johnson reappointment
59 Corcoran, Howard FrancisHoward Francis Corcoran DC 1906–1989 1965–1977 — 1977–1989 Johnson, Johnson death
60 Bryant, William B.William B. Bryant DC 1911–2005 1965–1982 1977–1981 1982–2005 Johnson, Johnson death
61 Gasch, OliverOliver Gasch DC 1906–1999 1965–1981 — 1981–1999 Johnson, Johnson death
62 Robinson, Jr., Aubrey EugeneAubrey Eugene Robinson, Jr. DC 1922–2000 1966–1992 1982–1992 1992–2000 Johnson, Johnson death
63 Smith Jr., John LewisJohn Lewis Smith Jr. DC 1912–1992 1966–1983 1981–1982 1983–1992 Johnson, Johnson death
64 Waddy, Joseph CorneliusJoseph Cornelius Waddy DC 1911–1978 1967–1978 — — Johnson, Johnson death
65 Gesell, GerhardGerhard Gesell DC 1910–1993 1967–1993 — 1993–1993 Johnson, Johnson death
66 Green, June LazenbyJune Lazenby Green DC 1914–2001 1968–1984 — 1984–2001 Johnson, Johnson death
67 Pratt, John H.John H. Pratt DC 1910–1995 1968–1989 — 1989–1995 Johnson, Johnson death
68 Parker, Barrington D.Barrington D. Parker DC 1915–1993 1969–1985 — 1985–1993 Nixon, Nixon death
69 Richey, Charles RobertCharles Robert Richey DC 1923–1997 1971–1997 — 1997–1997 Nixon, Nixon death
70 Flannery, Thomas AquinasThomas Aquinas Flannery DC 1918–2007 1971–1985 — 1985–2007 Nixon, Nixon death
71 Oberdorfer, Louis F.Louis F. Oberdorfer DC 1919–2013 1977–1992 — 1992–2013 Carter, Carter death
72 Greene, Harold H.Harold H. Greene DC 1923–2000 1978–1995 — 1995–2000 Carter, Carter death
73 Penn, John GarrettJohn Garrett Penn DC 1932–2007 1979–1998 1992–1997 1998–2007 Carter, Carter death
75 Johnson, Norma HollowayNorma Holloway Johnson DC 1932–2011 1980–2001 1997–2001 2001–2003 Carter, Carter retirement
76 Jackson, Thomas PenfieldThomas Penfield Jackson DC 1937–2013 1982–2002 — 2002–2004 Reagan, Reagan retirement
78 Harris, Stanley S.Stanley S. Harris DC 1927–present 1983–1996 — 1996–2001 Reagan, Reagan retirement
79 Revercomb, George HughesGeorge Hughes Revercomb DC 1929–1993 1985–1993 — — Reagan, Reagan death
80 Sporkin, StanleyStanley Sporkin DC 1932–present 1985–1999 — 1999–2000 Reagan, Reagan retirement
82 Boudin, MichaelMichael Boudin DC 1939–present 1990–1992 — — Bush, G.H.W.G.H.W. Bush resignation
86 Urbina, Ricardo M.Ricardo M. Urbina DC 1946–present 1994–2011 — 2011–2012 Clinton, Clinton retirement
87 Robertson, JamesJames Robertson DC 1938–present 1994–2008 — 2008–2010 Clinton, Clinton retirement
89 Kennedy Jr., Henry HaroldHenry Harold Kennedy Jr. DC 1948–present 1997–2011
—
—
 Clinton retirement
90 Richard W. Roberts DC 1953-present 1998–2016 2013–2016
—
 Clinton retirement[24]
97 Wilkins, Robert L.Robert L. Wilkins DC 1963–present 2010–2014
—
—
 Obama reappointment

Succession of seats

Seat 1
Seat established on March 3, 1863 by 12 Stat. 762
Chief Justice
Cartter 1863–1887
Bingham 1887–1903
Clabaugh (Chief) 1903–1914
Covington 1914–1918
McCoy (Chief) 1918–1929
Wheat (Chief) 1930–1941
Eicher 1942–1944
Laws (Chief) 1945–1948
Chief Justice abolished on September 1, 1948 by 62 Stat. 869, 985
Seat 2
Seat established on March 3, 1863 by 12 Stat. 762
Fisher 1863–1870
Humphreys 1870–1879
James 1879–1892
Cole 1893–1901
Anderson 1902–1916
Hitz 1917–1931
Proctor 1931–1948
Tamm 1949–1965
Gasch 1965–1981
T. Jackson 1982–2002
Collyer 2002–2016
vacant 2016–present
Seat 3
Seat established on March 3, 1863 by 12 Stat. 762
Olin 1863–1879
Hagner 1879–1903
Wright 1903–1914
Siddons 1915–1931
O'Donoghue 1932–1946
Curran 1947–1971
Richey 1971–1997
Roberts 1998–2016
vacant 2016–present
Seat 4
Seat established on March 3, 1863 by 12 Stat. 762
Wylie 1863–1885
Merrick 1885–1889
Bradley 1889–1902
Gould 1902–1921
Hoehling, Jr. 1921–1927
Gordon 1928–1941
McGuire 1941–1966
A. Robinson, Jr. 1966–1992
Urbina 1994–2011
Contreras 2012–present

Seat 5
Seat established on June 21, 1870 by 16 Stat. 160
MacArthur 1870–1887
Montgomery 1888–1892
McComas 1893–1899
Clabaugh (Associate) 1899–1903
Pritchard 1903–1904
Stafford 1904–1931
Letts 1932–1961
Jones 1962–1977
Oberdorfer 1977–1992
Sullivan 1994–present
Seat 6
Seat established on February 25, 1879 by 20 Stat. 320
W. Cox 1879–1899
Barnard 1899–1914
McCoy (Associate) 1914–1918
Bailey 1918–1950
Bastian 1950–1954
McGarraghy 1954–1967
Parker, Sr. 1969–1985
Lamberth 1987–2013
Cooper 2014–present
Seat 7
Seat established on December 20, 1928 by 45 Stat. 1056
Wheat (Associate) 1929–1930
Adkins 1930–1946
Keech 1947–1966
Waddy 1967–1978
Penn 1979–1998
Huvelle 1999–2014
Mehta 2014–present
Seat 8
Seat established on June 19, 1930 by 46 Stat. 785
Luhring 1930–1944
Schweinhaut 1944–1956
Sirica 1957–1977
Greene 1978–1995
Kollar-Kotelly 1997–present

Seat 9
Seat established on June 19, 1930 by 46 Stat. 785
J. Cox 1930–1939
Pine 1940–1965
Bryant 1965–1982
Hogan 1982–2008
Boasberg 2011–present
Seat 10
Seat established on May 31, 1938 by 52 Stat. 584
Laws (Associate) 1938–1945
Holtzoff 1945–1967
Pratt 1968–1989
Boudin 1990–1992
Kessler 1994–2007
A. Jackson 2011–present
Seat 11
Seat established on May 31, 1938 by 52 Stat. 584
Goldsborough 1939–1951
Youngdahl 1951–1966
Smith, Jr. 1966–1983
Harris 1983–1996
Bates 2001–2014
Seat 11 abolished on October 12, 2014 (Temporary judgeship expired)
Seat 12
Seat established on May 31, 1938 by 52 Stat. 584
Morris 1939–1960
S. Robinson III 1964–1966
Gesell 1967–1993
Friedman 1994–2009
Howell 2010–present

Seat 13
Seat established on September 1, 1948 by 62 Stat. 869, 985
Laws (Judge) 1948–1958
Walsh 1959–1971
Flannery 1971–1985
Revercomb 1985–1993
Robertson 1994–2008
Wilkins 2010–2014
Moss 2014–present
Seat 14
Seat established on August 3, 1949 by 63 Stat. 493
Kirkland 1950–1958
Hart, Jr. 1959–1979
Johnson 1980–2001
Leon 2002–present
Seat 15
Seat established on August 3, 1949 by 63 Stat. 493
Matthews 1950–1968
J.L. Green 1968–1984
Sporkin 1985–1999
Walton 2001–2015
vacant 2015–present
Seat 16
Seat established on August 3, 1949 by 63 Stat. 493
McLaughlin 1949–1964
Corcoran 1965–1977
J.H. Green 1979–1995
Kennedy, Jr. 1997–2011
K. Jackson 2013–present

Seat 17
Seat established on July 1, 2013 pursuant to 104 Stat. 5089 (temporary)
Seat became permanent upon the abolition of Seat 11 on October 12, 2014
Chutkan 2014–present

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Appointed Director of the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on June 11, 2013, by Chief Justice of the Supreme Court John Roberts. He retains his commission as a United States District Court Judge. The appointment takes effect July 1, 2013. Kathleen Arberg (11 June 2013). "Press Releases - 06/11/13 - Supreme Court of the United States". The Supreme Court of the United States. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
  2. ↑ Recess appointment; Wylie was formally nominated January 5, 1864 and was confirmed January 20, receiving his commission the same day.
  3. ↑ Recess appointment; James was formally nominated on December 1, 1879, confirmed by the Senate December 10, 1879 and received his commission the same day.
  4. ↑ Recess appointment; Merrick was formally nominated on December 14, 1885, confirmed by the Senate March 15, 1856 and received his commission the same day.
  5. ↑ Recess appointment; Montgomery was formally nominated on December 20, 1887, confirmed by the Senate January 26, 1888 and received his commission the same day.
  6. ↑ Recess appointment; Montgomery was formally nominated on December 20, 1887, confirmed by the Senate January 23, 1888 and received his commission the same day.
  7. ↑ Recess appointment;McComas was formally nominated on December 6, 1892, confirmed by the Senate January 25, 1893 and received his commission the same day.
  8. ↑ Recess appointment;Clabaugh was formally nominated on November 10, 1903, confirmed by the Senate November 16, 1903 and received his commission the same day.
  9. ↑ Recess appointment; Barnard was formally nominated December 11, 1899, confirmed by the Senate December 19 and received his commission the same day
  10. ↑ Recess appointment; Anderson was formally nominated December 5, 1901, confirmed by the Senate February 4, 1902 and received his commission February 6, 1902
  11. ↑ Recess appointment; Stafford was formally nominated December 6, 1904, confirmed by the Senate December 13 and received his commission the same day
  12. ↑ Recess appointment; Hitz was formally nominated December 15, 1916, confirmed by the Senate January 2, 1917 and received his commission the same day.
  13. ↑ Recess appointment; Letts was formally nominated December 15, 1931, confirmed by the Senate February 17, 1932 and received his commission February 20, 1932.
  14. ↑ Recess appointment; O'Donoghue was formally nominated December 15, 1931, confirmed by the Senate January 26, 1932 and received his commission February 23, 1932.
  15. ↑ Recess appointment; Keech was formally nominated January 8, 1947, confirmed by the Senate January 22 and received his commission January 24.
  16. ↑ Recess appointment; Curran was formally nominated January 8, 1947, confirmed by the Senate February 3 and received his commission February 5.
  17. ↑ Recess appointment; Tamm was formally nominated January 13, 1949, confirmed by the Senate March 29 and received his commission April 1.
  18. ↑ Recess appointment; Kirkland was formally nominated January 5, 1950, confirmed by the Senate March 8 and received his commission March 9.
  19. ↑ Recess appointment; Matthews was formally nominated January 5, 1950, confirmed by the Senate April 4, 1950 and received his commission April 7, 1950.
  20. ↑ Recess appointment; McLaughlin was formally nominated January 5, 1950, confirmed by the Senate February 27, 1950 and received his commission March 1, 1950.
  21. ↑ Recess appointment; Bastian was formally nominated November 27, 1950, confirmed by the Senate December 14, 1950 and received his commission December 22, 1950.
  22. ↑ Recess appointment; Hart was formally nominated January 17, 1959, confirmed by the Senate September 9 and received his commission September 10.
  23. ↑ Recess appointment; Robinson was formally nominated February 3, 1964 confirmed by the Senate July 1, 1964 and received his commission July 2, 1964.
  24. ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/chief-judge-of-the-districts-federal-court-retires/2016/03/16/2ff09bf0-ebc1-11e5-b0fd-073d5930a7b7_story.html
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