Twenty four Manai Telugu Chettiars
| 24 Manai Telugu Chettiar | |
|---|---|
| Classification | Merchants, traders and warriors |
| Religions | Hinduism |
| Languages | Tamil, Telugu, |
| Populated States | Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Chattisgargh, Kerala |
The 24 Manai Telugu Chettiars (24MTC) are a Tamil/Telugu speaking Indian caste of the Chettiar are prominent merchants of Tamil Nadu.Origin of their society is told from their Puranic stories Kasi. From kasi they came to kancheepuram . They are found predominantly in the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh in India, as well as Gujarat and Sri Lanka. This community is known by a number of variants and spellings of their name, and is divided into twenty-four subdivisions (manai).
Social role
The 24MTC were born as royals (epics) and become traders in Kanchipuram Mandalam(history). They came to Tamilnadu during the period of Krishnadevaraya a telugu dynasty(Vijayanagara), and took up trading in Tamil nadu and Kerala. The modern day community is predominantly involved in business, industry, and petty trade. The total population of 24MTC is around 1 million in Tamilnadu . As per Hindu Varna System, the community is categorized as Vaishyas (merchants). Their day to day rituals are conducted by Bramhin priests. They have been listed as a section of Balijas.[1] They were traditionally traders corresponding to Perike Balijas of Andhra Pradesh.[2] The alternate name Janappan was derived from their manufacture of gunny-bags of hemp (janapa) fibre.In Kerala 90%of 24 MTCs are merchants.
Once upon a time saints and devas were tortured by a rakchasha called Anthakasuran. They requested Lord Shiva to save them. Lord Shiva told Lord Brahma to do a yaga at the banks of river Ganga. By the grace of Lord Shiva and Lord Brahma, a beautiful and intelligent human formed out of yaga fire. They named him as Pritheswaran. Lord Shiva blessed and gave him a bow. Lord Brahma gave a golden garland. With their blessings Pritheswaran fought against Anthakasuran and killed him. Saints and devas were happy. They thanked Lord Shiva and requested to bless Pritheswaran with marriage.
Lord Shiva blessed Pritheswaran to become the king of city Kasi and got him married to Kanabai, daughter of Kanabindu the head of Gandharvas. The people of Kasi lived happily under the rule of king Pritheswaran. The king had four sons(Manikeeran,Kanaban,Vadangeyan and Sunasepan) and got them married to Gandharva females(Gandarva Ookku's daughters). The king and queen at their old age did meditation and attained mukthi. First son of Pritheswaran had two sons and two daughters and other sons had two sons each. They all got married to Gandharvas. First grandson of Pritheswaran, namely Vaidunga Devarayan came to rule. None of his brothers and sisters including him had children. During that period, Saint Kalavai from Himalayas visited the city kasi. Vaidunga met him and told him his sorrow of not having children. The saint suggested the royal family to visit the Saint Kalaikottu at the city of Kancheepuram. All of them went to Kancheepuram.
There, Saint Kalaikottu told them to pray to goddess Kamatchi every day. One day, in dreams of Vaidunga, the goddess told him to perform Puthra Kameti Yaga. Vaidunga conducted the yaga with the help of saints.From the yaga, a ghost came out and handed over a golden vessel full of holy food ('Aviunavu') to the saint kalaikottu. The saint divided the food into 24 parts. Wife of Vaidunga and the wives of his other brothers received two parts each to eat. Whereas the two sisters had four parts each.
After which Vaidunga and his brothers had two sons each and his sisters had four sons each. Thus they are the 24 great grand children of Pritheswaran. The saint told them to divide kancheepuram into 24 divisions, one for each of them and rule.
Vaidunga's and his brothers sons where categorized as 16 veedu people and his sisters sons were categorized as 8 veedu people. The saint also instructed that the people of same veedu category should not have marriage alliances among themselves.
Various names
This community is also known by different names and spelling variants. They may be called 24 Manai Telugu Chettiar, Sadhu Chetty, Janapan, Goniga, Telugu Chetty, 24 Manai telugu Chetty, Ruvathunalu,[3] and various combinations of these terms. Chettiar may also be rendered as Chetty or Setty.[4] In Tamil they are called Saluppa Chetti, saluppan being the Tamil form of janappan.[5] Some of them have taken to calling themselves Desayis or Desadhipatis (rulers of countries).[6] Sathu Vandlu ("company of merchants or travelers) occurs as a synonym of Janappan.[5]
24 divisions (manai)
The 24 Manai Telugu Chettiar community is called so because it consists of 24 manai (houses, similar to gotra). The 24 manai are subdivided into two houses: the 16 Veedu and 8 Veedu kothra.
16 Veedu:
- Mummudiyar: Shree Mukundarishi gothram,
- Tharishiyavar: Shree Thaachiyarishi gothram
- Kolavar: Shree Gudikulayarishi gothram
- Kanithiyavar: Shree Kalandharishi gothram
- Thillaiyavar: Shree Sondhuvarishi gothram
- Paluvidhiyar: Shree Soularishi gothram
- Chennaiyavar: Shree Suragarishi gothram
- Mathalaiyavar: Shree Kundhalarishi gothram
- Kothavangavar: Shree Ganaththarishi gothram
- Rajabhairavar: Shree Roshanarishi gothram
- Vammaiyar: Shree Nakularishi gothram
- Kappavar: Shree Chandavarishi gothram
- Vachiyavar: Shree Vaasavarishi gothram
- Kenthiyavar: Shree Anusooyarishi gothram
- Naliviraiyavar: Shree Madhasunurishi gothram &
- Surayavar,Gandavangavalar: Shree Suragamarishi gothram.
8 Veedu:
- Makkadaiyar: Shree Mangalarishi gothram
- Korahaiyar: Shree Gowthamarishi gothram
- Marattaiyar: Shree Maandalarishi gothram
- Kavalaiyar (Irataiyar): Shree Kaushikarishi gothram
- Pillivangavar: Shree Pilvarishi gothram
- Thavalaiyar: Shree Kaundyaishi gothram
- Soppiyar: Shree Somakularishi gothram
- Kottavar, Nalabakshiyavar: Shree Paardvarishi gothram
[7] According to this community marriage procedure, 16 veedu boy or girl will marry 8 veedu boy or girl & viz versa. From the same veedu they are not allowed to marry, In calculation 16+8 = 24 which forms 24 manai Telugu chettiars.
Distribution
The 24 Manai Telugu Chettiars are particularly found in the following areas of Tamil Nadu: Salem, Attur, Karur, Erode(Bhavani, Kattur), Bodinayakanur, Bargur, B.ammapatti, Kodangipatty, Kallakkurichi, Ulundurpettai, Namakkal(Pallipalayam, Komarapalayam), Tiruchirappalli, (Manapparai, Manachanallur) Tiruppur, Pollachi (Chetty Pudur, Odayakulam, Kottur, Kunjipalayam), Udumalaipettai, Dindugul, Palani,Pannaikadu, Kanyakumari, Theni, Vadugapatti , Kambam, Dharmapuri (Manjavadi, Kalipettai, Harur, Naripalli, Sikkalur),Krishnagiri districts, Tirupattur - Vellore district. KERALA : Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur(Thiruvilwamala, Kondazhy, Mayannur, Panjal, Chelakkara, Killimangalam), Palakkad (Vaniyamkulam, Pulapatta, Thiripulamunda, Palamthulli), Kozhikode, other districts. Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Maharashtra: Mumbai and Pune, New Delhi, Assam (Guwahati ).
The 24MTC immigrants, who migrated from Andhra Pradesh during the pre-Colonial period, underwent various cultural diversities, met difficulties in the patterns of linguistic assimilation, adjustment and other adaptive processes.In Kerala,24 Mana Telugu Chettiars are found educationally ,socially and economically backward community .
References
- ↑ Castes and Tribes of Southern India, page 446
- ↑ Castes and Tribes of Southern India, page 192
- ↑ People of India: A - G. Oxford Univ. Press. 1998. p. 3069. ISBN 978-0-19-563354-2. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ↑ A more explicit list of variants includes: 24 Manai Telugu Chettiar, 24 Manai Telugu Chetty, 24 Mane Telugu Chettiar, 24 Mane Telugu Chetty, Gonichetty, Goniga, Gonigamane, Janapachetty, Janapan, Janapar, Janapasetty, Sadhu Chetty, Sadhu Chetty, Sadhu Setty, Sadu Setty, Salapar, Salaparu, Sanapar, Sanaparu, Telugu Chettiar, Telugu Chetty, Telugu Setty, Telungu Chettiar, Telungu Chetty, Telungupatti Chetty and Telungupatti Chettis.
- 1 2 Castes and Tribes of Southern India, page 448
- ↑ India. Census Commissioner; Edward Albert Gait (1902). Census of India, 1901. Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India. pp. 157–. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ↑ The above information is contained in publications issued by our community members on celebration of community festivals and the community temple festivals. These are generally published in Tamil. My source is Rasapatti Maarattaiyar Kula Mahaakumbhabhisheka Sirappu Malar - 2008 published to commomerate Mahakumbhaabhishekam of the Kamashi Amman temple in Rasapatti in 2008.
- Castes and Tribes of Southern India. Edgar Thurston and K. Rangachari. Gov't Press, Madras (1909)