Trading with the Enemy Act

Trading with the Enemy Act is a stock short title used for legislation in the United Kingdom and the United States relating to trading with the enemy.

Trading with the Enemy Acts is also a generic name for a class of legislation generally passed during or approaching a war that prohibit not just mercantile activities with foreign nationals, but also acts that might assist the enemy.^[1] While originally limited to wartime, in the 20th century these Acts were applied in cases of national emergency as well. For example, in 1940, before the United States entry into World War II the president imposed broad prohibitions on the transfer of property in which Norway or Denmark, or any citizen or national of those countries, or any other person aiding those countries, had any interest, with the exception of transfers which were licensed under the regulations of the Department of the Treasury.^[2]

List

France

Continental System, French Napoleonic edict from 1806 to 1814

United Kingdom

The Trading with the Enemy Act 1914
The Trading with the Enemy Amendment Act 1914 (5 & 6 Geo 5 c 12)
The Trading with the Enemy Amendment Act 1915 (5 & 6 Geo 5 c 79)
The Trading with the Enemy (Extension of Powers) Act 1915 (5 & 6 Geo 5 c 98)
The Trading with the Enemy Amendment Act 1916 (5 & 6 Geo 5 c 105)
The Trading with the Enemy (Copyright) Act 1916 (6 & 7 Geo 5 c 32)
The Trading with the Enemy and Export of Prohibited Goods Act 1916 (6 & 7 Geo 5 c 52)
The Trading with the Enemy (Amendment) Act 1918 (8 & 9 Geo 5 c 31)
The Trading with the Enemy Act 1939 (2 & 3 Geo 6 c 89)

United States

Trading with the Enemy Act, a 1917 Act of the United States; still in force.^[3]

Israel

The British Trading with the Enemy Act 1939 was applied to Mandatory Palestine, as to other British-ruled territories. On the creation of Israel in 1948, it was retained as an Israeli law and the various Arab countries named in it as "The Enemy". It is still in force as of 2013, though Egypt and Jordan were removed from its application with the respective peace agreements Israel signed with them.

Notes

↑ Phelps, Shirelle and Lehman, Jeffrey (editors) (2005) "Aiding the enemy acts" West's Encyclopedia of American Law (2nd edition) Vol. 1. Gale, Detroit, Michigan, pp. 182–183
↑ Malloy, Michael P. (2004) "Trading with the Enemy Act (1917)" In Landsberg, Brian K. (editor) (2004) Major Acts of Congress Macmillan-Thomson Gale, Detroit, Michigan
↑ "United States Code: Title 50a, ACT OCT. 6, 1917, CH. 106, 40 STAT. 411" Legal Information Institute, Cornell University

Bordwell, Percy (1908) The Law of War between Belligerents: a history and commentary Callaghan, Chicago OCLC 252877469; reprinted in 1994 by Fred B. Rothman, Littleton, Colorado, ISBN 0-8377-1975-5
Cain, Frank (2007) Economic statecraft during the Cold War: European responses to the US trade embargo Routledge, London, ISBN 0-415-37002-7
Carter, Barry E. (1988) International Economic Sanctions: improving the haphazard U.S. legal regime Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, ISBN 0-521-34258-9
Malloy, Michael P. (2001) United States Economic Sanctions: Theory and Practice Kluwer Law International, The Hague, Netherlands, ISBN 90-411-8861-4

United Kingdom legislation

Pre-Parliamentary legislation	List of English statutes Charter of Liberties Magna Carta

Acts of Parliament by states preceding the Kingdom of Great Britain	Acts of the Parliament of England to 1483 1485–1601 1603–1641 Interregnum (1642–1660) 1660–1699 1700–1706 Acts of the Parliament of Scotland

Acts of Parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain	1707–1719 1720–1739 1740–1759 1760–1779 1780–1800

Acts of the Parliament of Ireland	to 1700 1701–1800

Acts of Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	1801–1819 1820–1839 1840–1859 1860–1879 1880–1899 1900–1919 1920–1939 1940–1959 1960–1979 1980–1999 2000 to date Halsbury's Statutes Legislation.gov.uk Short titles

Church of England measures	List Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919

Legislation of devolved institutions	Acts of the Scottish Parliament List Acts and Measures of the National Assembly for Wales List Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly List Acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland List Orders in Council for Northern Ireland List

Orders-in-Council	Order in Council

Secondary legislation	United Kingdom Statutory Instruments Scottish Statutory Instruments Acts of Sederunt Acts of Adjournal

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