Tokyo Skytree

Tokyo Skytree
東京スカイツリー

Tokyo Skytree in 2014
General information
Status Complete
Type Broadcast, restaurant, and observation tower
Architectural style Neofuturistic
Location Sumida, Tokyo, Japan
Coordinates 35°42′36.5″N 139°48′39″E / 35.710139°N 139.81083°E / 35.710139; 139.81083Coordinates: 35°42′36.5″N 139°48′39″E / 35.710139°N 139.81083°E / 35.710139; 139.81083
Construction started 14 July 2008 (2008-07-14)
Completed 29 February 2012 (2012-02-29)
Opening 22 May 2012 (2012-05-22)
Cost 65 billion JPY (806 million USD)[1]
Owner Tobu Tower Skytree Co., Ltd.
Height
Antenna spire 634.0 m (2,080 ft)
Roof 495.0 m (1,624 ft)
Top floor 451.2 m (1,480 ft)
Technical details
Floor count 32 above ground[2]
3 below ground[2]
Lifts/elevators 13
Design and construction
Architect Nikken Sekkei
Developer Tobu Railway
Main contractor Obayashi Corp.
Website
www.tokyo-skytree.jp/english/

Tokyo Skytree (東京スカイツリー Tōkyō Sukaitsurī) is a broadcasting, restaurant, and observation tower in Sumida, Tokyo, Japan. It became the tallest structure in Japan in 2010[3] and reached its full height of 634.0 metres (2,080 ft) in March 2011, making it the tallest tower in the world, displacing the Canton Tower,[4][5] and the second tallest structure in the world after the Burj Khalifa (829.8 m/2,722 ft).[6]

The tower is the primary television and radio broadcast site for the Kantō region; the older Tokyo Tower no longer gives complete digital terrestrial television broadcasting coverage because it is surrounded by high-rise buildings. Skytree was completed on 29 February 2012, with the tower opening to the public on 22 May 2012.[7] The tower is the centrepiece of a large commercial development funded by Tobu Railway and a group of six terrestrial broadcasters headed by NHK. Trains stop at the adjacent Tokyo Skytree Station and nearby Oshiage Station. The complex is 7 km (4.3 mi) north-east of Tokyo Station.

Design

The design was published on 24 November 2006,[8] based on the following three concepts:

The base of the tower has a structure similar to a tripod; from a height of about 350 m (1,150 ft) and above, the tower's structure is cylindrical to offer panoramic views of the river and the city.[11] There are observatories at 350 m (1,150 ft), with a capacity of up to 2000 people, and 450 m (1,480 ft), with a capacity of 900 people.[12] The upper observatory features a spiral, glass-covered skywalk in which visitors ascend the last 5 meters to the highest point at the upper platform. A section of glass flooring gives visitors a direct downward view of the streets below.[13]

Earthquake resistance

The tower has seismic proofing, including a central shaft made of reinforced concrete. The main internal pillar is attached to the outer tower structure for the first 125 meters (410 ft) above ground. From there until 375 meters (1,230 ft) the pillar is attached to the tower frame with oil dampers, which act as cushions during an earthquake. Additional resilience is achieved through an "added mass control mechanism" (or tuned mass damper) - a damping system which, in the event of an earthquake, moves out of step with the building's structure, to keep the center of gravity as central as possible to the tower's base.[14] According to the designers, the dampers can absorb 50 percent of the energy from an earthquake.[15][16]

Colour

Iki
Miyabi

The exterior lattice is painted a colour officially called "Skytree White". This is an original colour based on a bluish white traditional Japanese colour called aijiro (藍白).[17]

Illumination

The illumination design was published on 16 October 2009. Two illumination patterns Iki (chic, stylish) sky blue and Miyabi (elegance, refinement) purple will be used, alternating daily. The tower is illuminated using LED lights.[18]

Naming and height

The cross-section of the tower forms an equilateral triangle on the ground, gradually rounding to become circular at 320 m elevation.

From October to November 2007, suggestions were collected from the general public for the name to be given to the tower. On 19 March 2008, a committee chose six final candidate names: Tōkyō Sukaitsurī (東京スカイツリー, "Tokyo sky tree"), Tōkyō Edo Tawā (東京EDOタワー, "Tokyo Edo tower"), Raijingu Tawā (ライジングタワー, "Rising tower"), Mirai Tawā (みらいタワー, "Tower of the future"), Yumemi Yagura (ゆめみやぐら, "Dream lookout"), Raijingu Īsuto Tawā (ライジングイーストタワー, "Rising east tower"). The official name was decided in a nationwide vote, and was announced on 10 June 2008 as "Tokyo Skytree". The name received around 33,000 votes (30%) out of 110,000 cast, with the second most popular name being "Tokyo Edo Tower".[19]

Since the name was decided in Japanese, which has no spaces between words, it is not possible to say whether it was intended to be "Tokyo Skytree" or "Tokyo Sky Tree". The official website states "TOKYO SKYTREE" (all caps) as a registered trademark in English, but the version in the logo is clearly "SKY TREE". English-language publications are divided between the two versions.

The height of 634 m (2,080 ft) was selected to be easily remembered. The figures 6 (mu), 3 (sa), 4 (shi) stand for "Musashi", an old name of the region where the Tokyo Skytree stands.[20]

Broadcasting use

Tokyo Skytree is used as a radio/television broadcast and communications tower.

Television broadcasters

Channel Channel name Callsign Signal power ERP Broadcast area
1
 NHK General TV JOAK-DTV 10 kW 68 kW Kantō region
2
 NHK Educational TV JOAB-DTV
4
 Nippon Television JOAX-DTV
5
 TV Asahi JOEX-DTV
6
 TBS Television JORX-DTV
7
 TV Tokyo JOTX-DTV
8
 Fuji Television JOCX-DTV
9
 TOKYO MX JOMX-DTV 3 kW 11.5 kW Tokyo

Radio broadcasters

Frequency Station name Callsign Power ERP Broadcast area
81.3 MHz J-Wave Tokyo JOAV-FM 7 kW 57 kW Tokyo
82.5 MHz NHK FM Broadcast Tokyo JOAK-FM
90.5 MHz TBS Radio Sumida   South Kantō region
91.6 MHz Nippon Cultural Broadcasting Sumida  
93.0 MHz Nippon Broadcasting System Sumida  

Timeline

Under construction (at the back) in January 2011 with the Tokyo Tower at the front.

2008

2009

2010

2011

Comparison of the Tokyo Skytree with the world's seven tallest towers

2012

2013

Opening

Main Pod

As the Skytree's opening approached, people reportedly waited in line for a week to get tickets. By the opening, trips up the tower were fully booked for the first two months of operation.[49] The opening day drew a crowd of tens of thousands, despite rainy conditions which blocked the view from the tower's observation deck. Strong winds also forced two elevators to be shut down, leaving some visitors briefly stranded on the observation deck.[50]

According to Tobu, 1.6 million people visited Skytree in its first week. Local residents reported that the influx of visitors disturbed the peace of their community and had, so far, generated little economic benefit for the local area.[51]

Gallery

Construction progress

Observation views

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "Japan finishes Tokyo Sky Tree". Mmtimes.com. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  2. 1 2 "Tokyo Sky Tree". Skyscraper Source Media. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
  3. 1 2 Tokyo Sky Tree beats Tokyo Tower, now tallest building in Japan, The Mainichi Daily News, 29 March 2010
  4. ↑ "Japan Finishes World's Tallest Communications Tower". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. 1 March 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  5. ↑ "Tokyo Sky Tree". Emporis. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  6. ↑ Arata Yamamoto (22 May 2012). "Tokyo Sky Tree takes root as world's second-tallest structure". NBC News. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
  7. ↑ 事業概要. Tokyo Skytree Home (in Japanese). Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  8. ↑ "The Tallest Tower in the World: Tokyo Skytree". TheTallestEverything.com. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  9. ↑ Tokyo Sky Tree: the world’s tallest broadcasting tower. megalopolisnow (8 August 2012). Retrieved on 23 June 2014.
  10. ↑ Japan | ArchDaily - Part 33. ArchDaily. Retrieved on 23 June 2014.
  11. ↑ "Tokyo Sky Tree, Japan". designbuild-network.
  12. ↑ "World's tallest broadcasting tower Tokyo Skytree opens". BBC News. 22 May 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
  13. ↑ Kyodo News, "Skytree reaches for hearts and minds", Japan Times, 25 May 2012, p. 3
  14. ↑ "Secrets of the Sky Tree: Quake-proofing the world's second tallest structure". Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  15. ↑ Nakata, Hiroko, "Tokyo Sky Tree opener looms large", Japan Times, 21 February 2012, p. 3.
  16. ↑ Bull, Brett, "The sky's the limit", Japan Times, 20 May 2012, p. 7
  17. ↑ "Color Design". Tokyo Skytree. Japan: Tobu Railway Co. 2008. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
  18. ↑ "Lighting Design". Tobu Tower Skytree Co., Ltd.
  19. ↑ Name of New Tower Decided (Japanese)
  20. ↑ Kyodo News, "Tower's developers considered several figures before finally settling on 634", Japan Times, 23 May 2012, p. 2
  21. ↑ "Tokyo Sky Tree construction starts". The Japan Times (15 July 2008). Retrieved 15 July 2008.
  22. ↑ 高さ610メートル電波塔「スカイツリー」本体が地上に姿 [The height of 610 meter radio wave tower, "Skytree", the main body of tower appeared on the ground]. Sankei Shimbun (in Japanese). Tokyo. Archived from the original on 6 April 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
  23. ↑ Rising-east.jp. "Tokyo Skytree is the height of the body beyond the 100m tower. Tree is growing steadily." (PDF).
  24. ↑ "東京スカイーツリーの最高高さを634mに決定しました。" [Maximum height of Tokyo Skytree to be 634 m] (PDF) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Tobu Railway and Tobu Tower Skytree. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
  25. ↑ Archived 13 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
  26. ↑ "Tokyo Skytree's height of the tower body exceeds 300m" (PDF) (in Japanese). Rising East project. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
  27. ↑ "Nothing very little about this miniature". Asahi Shimbun. Japan. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
  28. ↑ Tokyo Skytree, already tallest building in Japan, tops 400 meters, Kyodo News, 30 July 2010
  29. ↑ スカイツリー、実はようやく日本一…４６１ｍに [Skytree, as a matter of fact, has finally become the tallest in Japan... 461m] (in Japanese). Yomiuri Online. 13 September 2010. (Archived by WebCite at )
  30. ↑ 東京スカイツリー のつくり方「制振装置のあるゲイン塔頂部をつくる」 ["To make the tower tip with TMD installed", how to make Tokyo Skytree] (in Japanese). Obayashi Corporation. 25 November 2010. Retrieved 20 December 2010.
  31. ↑ 総重量は約100トン。制振装置が塔体の最頂部へ [Total weight 100 ton, TMD placed on tower tip.] (in Japanese). Blog from construction site, Obayashi Corporation. 25 November 2010. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  32. ↑ "Tokyo Sky Tree tops 500 meters during construction". Japan Today. 1 December 2010.
  33. ↑ 東京スカイツリーへの放送局の無線設備の設置に向けた変更許可について [Approval of alteration to install the radio wave facility of broadcasting stations to Tokyo Skytree] (in Japanese). Kanto Bureau of Telecommunications of Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. 16 December 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
  34. ↑ "Tokyo Sky Tree tops 600 meters, becoming world's tallest tower". Japan Today. 1 March 2011.
  35. ↑ 世界一ツリー604メートル到達　東京スカイツリー [Tokyo Skytree reaches 604 m] (in Japanese). Nikkei Inc. 2 March 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  36. ↑ スカイツリー、634メートルに到達　完成時の高さに [Skytree reaches final height of 634 m]. Asahi Shimbun (in Japanese). Tokyo. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  37. ↑ Yomiuri-online movie: Dismantling cranes on 23 May 2011 (Japanese)
  38. ↑ 東京スカイツリータウンの事業概要が決定しました [Decided the business outline of Tokyo Sky Tree Town] (PDF) (in Japanese). Tokyo Skytree Town. 7 June 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2011.
  39. ↑ Mirai (19 November 2011). "Tokyo Sky Tree officially tallest free-standing tower in the world". Japanverse.com. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  40. ↑ Company warehouses damaged by ice falling from Tokyo Sky Tree 17 February 2012 Japan Today Retrieved 5 October 2015
  41. ↑ Koh, Yoree Look Up at Your Peril: Tokyo Skytree’s Falling Ice 15 January 2013 Wall Street Journal Retrieved 5 October 2015
  42. ↑ Japan finishes Tokyo Sky Tree, YAHOO!7 NEWS, AFP 29 February 2012, 4:07 pm
  43. ↑ Tokyo Sky Tree completion ceremony, 2 March 2012, Kyodo News
  44. ↑ 東京スカイツリーで竣工式 [Completion ceremony for Tokyo Skytree] (in Japanese). Tokyo. NHK TV. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  45. ↑ "ご視察（東京スカイツリー）（墨田区） - 宮内庁" (in Japanese). Imperial Household Agency. 26 April 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  46. ↑ 10月1日、東京スカイツリーから放送開始 [Start broadcasting from Tokyo Skytree on 1 October 2012] (PDF) (in Japanese). Tokyo MX. 27 September 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
  47. ↑ Snow from world's tallest tower pierces Tokyo roof 16 January 2013 Terra Daily Retrieved 5 October 2015
  48. ↑ "2013年5月13日18:00東京タワーの電波を中止" [Radio wave stopped from Tokyo Tower on 13 May 2–13 18:00]. Tokyo MX. 13 May 2013. Retrieved 2 June 2013In English
  49. ↑ Tim Newcomb (22 May 2012). "Tokyo Skytree: The World's Tallest Tower, By the Numbers". Time. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
  50. ↑ "High winds mar opening of Tokyo's Skytree tower". BBC News. 22 May 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
  51. ↑ Aoki, Mizuho, "Skytree a mixed blessing for locals", Japan Times, 22 June 2012, p. 3

References

External links

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