Tafoni

Tafoni at Salt Point State Park, Sonoma County, California.

Tafoni (singular: tafone) are small cave-like features found in granular rock such as sandstone, granite, and sandy-limestone with rounded entrances and smooth concave walls, often connected, adjacent, and/or networked. They often occur in groups that can riddle a hillside, cliff, or other rock formation. They can be found in all climate types, but are most abundant in intertidal areas and semi-arid and arid deserts. Explanations of their formation include salt weathering, differential cementation, structural variation in permeability, wetting-drying, and freezing-thawing cycles, variability in lithology, case hardening and core softening, and/or micro-climate changes and variation (that is, moisture availability). Tafoni have also been called fretting, stonelace, stone lattice, honeycomb weathering, and alveolar weathering.

Tafoni features have been found across the Earth, with dramatic forms found in the Jodhpur-Ajmer section of India's Thar Desert, Petra, Jordan, Coastal California and Australia, and even in the Arctic regions, and Antarctica (Paradise 2011).

The etymology of the word "tafoni" is unclear. Tafoni may come from the Greek word taphos, "tomb", or it may stem from a Corsican or Sicilian word for "holes", taffoni, or from tafonare meaning "to perforate". The earliest known publication of the term “tafoni” was in 1882.^[1][2] Conventionally, the word 'tafoni' is the plural form of 'tafone'.

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  Tafoni from Antarctica
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  Tafoni formation in the mountains near San Francisco.
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  Tafoni in sandstone, Südpfalz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
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  Tafoni at Elgol, Isle of Skye
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  Tafoni in a Cambrian sandstone, Timna Valley, Negev Desert, Israel.
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  Tafoni formations, named Gatbawi (Hat Rock), found on the shore of Mokpo's east harbor, near the mouth of the Yeongsan River, South Jeolla Province, South Korea.

See also

• Honeycomb weathering, a similar weathering feature

References

• Stoppato, Marco, and Alfredo Bini. Deserts. Buffalo: Firefly Books (U.S.) Inc., 2003. ISBN 1-55297-669-6 pp. 30–32
• Owen, Athena M., 2007, Tafoni Caves in Quaternary Carbonate Eolianites: Examples from the Bahamas. Masters Thesis, Mississippi State University, 179 pp.
• Paradise, T.R. 2011. Tafoni and weathered stone basins, in Geomorphology (G. Pope ed.), Reed-Elsevier Geosciences Reference Series MORP v.4: 28pp

External links

• www.tafoni.com Comprehensive explanation of tafoni, explanations of how they form, images, references
• Gallery of tafoni along California's Central Coast

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