Sir William Forbes, 6th Baronet

For other people named William Forbes, see William Forbes (disambiguation).
Sir William Forbes by Joshua Reynolds

Sir William Forbes, 6th Baronet of Monymusk and Pitsligo FRSE (5 April 1739 – 12 November 1806) was a Scottish banker. He was known also as an improving landlord, philanthropist and writer.

Life and career

He was born in Edinburgh 5 April 1739. His father Willam Forbes, heir to a Nova Scotia baronetcy, was an advocate; the family estate at Monymusk in Aberdeenshire, had been sold by his grandfather. Forbes's maternal grandmother was a sister of Lord Pitsligo, whose activities in 1745 led to the forfeiture of his estate, also in Aberdeenshire. His mother, Christian Forbes, was a member of a collateral branch of the Monymusk family, and was left a widow when William, the elder of two surviving boys from a family of five, was only four years old. She settled in Aberdeen in 1745 for the education of her children, who were brought up as Scottish episcopalians. The younger boy died in 1749, and in October 1753 Lady Forbes, with her surviving son, settled in Edinburgh.[1]

A friend of the family, Sir Francis Farquharson of Haughton, arranged with Messrs. Coutts, a prominent firm of bankers in Edinburgh, to admit Forbes as an apprentice, and he entered their service in 1754.[1] It was run by the sons of John Coutts.[2] The apprenticeship lasted four years, and then he was clerk in the counting-house for two years more, at the end of which he was given a small share in the business as a partner.[1]

In 1761 John Coutts, the principal partner of the Edinburgh firm, died, leaving none of the sons of John Coutts the elder in a position to run it.[2] A new partnership, including Forbes, was proposed and established in 1763. After seven years (in 1770) he married Elizabeth Hay, eldest daughter of Sir James Hay of Smithfield, bart. His mother died in 1789.[1]

From 1763 to 1773 the active members of the firm, still under the original name, were Sir Robert Herries, Forbes, and James Hunter. The name Coutts was retained till 1773, when a new contract was made, and the firm became Forbes, Hunter, & Co., Sir William Herries having settled in London to conduct in St. James's Street the business later known as Herries & Co. Forbes now was the head of the firm, and decided to confine the transactions of the house to banking alone. The house became one of the most trusted in Scotland, and remained stable in the financial crises and panics of 1772, 1788, and 1793. In 1783 the firm, after difficult preliminaries, began to issue notes.[1]

Forbes had become an authority on finance, and in 1783 he took part in preparing the revised Bankruptcy Act. William Pitt used to consult him, and adopted in 1790 some of his suggestions on the stamps on bills of exchange. In 1799 Pitt offered him an Irish peerage, which he declined. The company in 1838 became the Union Bank Company.[1]

Forbes worked to win back some of the alienated possessions of his ancestors. Lord Pitsligo's only son, the Hon. John Forbes, had bought Pitsligo. William Forbes bought some of the upper barony (the lower barony had passed by purchase to a stranger), and on the death of John Forbes he succeeded in 1781 to the whole. He improved the estate and laid out the village of New Pitsligo in 1783. In that year he was one of the co-founders of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.[3] Forbes was also involved in philanthropic projects in Edinburgh: the High School, the Merchant Company, the Morningside Lunatic Asylum, and the Blind Asylum. Forbes and his business partner Hunter Blair supported the construction of the South Bridge. He also succeeded in giving the Scottish episcopalians a surer standing in Edinburgh. Archibald Alison was brought to the city at his suggestion, and in Alison's works there is a funeral sermon to his memory.[1]

Forbes declined invitations to stand for parliament. He was a member of Samuel Johnson's literary dining club, and he is mentioned in James Boswell's Tour to the Hebrides. Lady Forbes, with whom he made his only lengthy visit to the continent in 1792–3, died in 1802. He died at 39 George Street in Edinburgh on 12 November 1806.[1] He is buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard.

Works

His long friendship with the poet James Beattie enabled him to produce ‘An Account of the Life and Writings of James Beattie, LL.D., including many of his Original Letters.’ This appeared in two quarto volumes in 1806, and was republished in three octavo volumes the following year. Forbes had written before this the tribute to his mother, which remained in manuscript till 1875, another portion of the same manuscript, not hitherto printed, being devoted to the memory of his wife. In the Narrative of the last Sickness and Death of Dame Christian Forbes, 1875, Forbes paid tribute to his mother.[1]

He was also author of "Memoirs of a Banking-House" in 1803.

Children

On 20 September 1770 Forbes married Elizabeth Hay (died 26 December 1789), daughter of Sir James Hay of Haystoun, 4th Baronet of Smithfield and Dorriel Campbell. They had thirteen children:

  1. Sir William Forbes, 7th Baronet of Pitsligo (21 December 1773 – 10 October 1828)
  2. Christian Forbes, daughter, (6 June 1775 - 1863), who married Sir Alexander Wood
  3. John Hay Forbes, Lord Medwyn (19 September 1776 – 25 July 1854)
  4. James Forbes (9 April 1778)
  5. Rebecca Forbes, daughter, (24 Dec 1779 - 1826) who married Alexander Ranaldson MacDonell of Glengarry
  6. Elizabeth Forbes, daughter, (2 March 1781), who married Colin MacKenzie of Portmore
  7. Daniel Forbes (7 August 1782)
  8. Adam Forbes (7 September 1783)
  9. Grace Forbes, daughter, (23 March 1785)
  10. Jane Forbes, daughter, (10 Jun 1787 - 24 Nov 1862) who married, 11 September 1806, James Skene of Rubislaw
  11. Frances Farquharson Forbes, daughter, (10 August 1788)
  12. George Forbes FRSE FSA (5 September 1790 - 26 September 1857), banker
  13. Charles Forbes (23 November 1791)

His grandchildren include Prof James David Forbes, and Sir John Stuart Hepburn Forbes and famous great grandchildren include Prof George Forbes.[4]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  "Forbes, William (1739-1806)". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
  2. 1 2 Price, Jacob M. "Coutts, John". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/6468. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  3. ↑ BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF FORMER FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 1783 – 2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0 902 198 84 X.
  4. ↑ BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF FORMER FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 1783 – 2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0 902 198 84 X.
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Attribution

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Forbes, William (1739-1806)". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. 

Masonic offices
Preceded by
David Dalrymple		 Grand Master of the
Grand Lodge of Scotland
1776–1778 		Succeeded by
The Duke of Atholl

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). "article name needed". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne. 

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