September 1972

The following events occurred in September 1972:

September 1, 1972 (Friday)

• In the 21st game of chess for the World Chess Championship 1972, Bobby Fischer of the United States won the title, as defending champ Boris Spassky of the Soviet Union resigned. Under a system of one point for a win and ½ for a draw, the first to get 12½ points would win the matches played at Reykjavík, Iceland. Fischer's prize money was $154,677.50.^[1]
• The United States formally dropped all claims to the Swan Islands and recognized the sovereignty of Honduras over the disputed territory.^[2]
• Raúl Sendic, leader of the Uruguayan guerilla group the Tupamaros, was captured after a shootout.^[3]
• A fire at the Blue Bird Cafe in Montreal killed 36 people. The blaze was set by three men who had been kicked out of the club earlier in the evening.^[4]

September 2, 1972 (Saturday)

• Milt Pappas of the Chicago Cubs had retired 26 batters and was one player away from a perfect game. Larry Stahl of the San Diego Padres reached the plate and was one strike away (2–2), then one pitch away (3–2). The final pitch was close, but umpire Bruce Froemming called it "ball four" instead of "strike three", turning the 8–0 Cubs win into a mere no-hitter.^[5]
• The Confederation of Arab Republics was created between Egypt, Libya and Syria.^[6]
• Died: Reggie Harding, 30, former Detroit Pistons star with frequent criminal charges, of a gunshot wound.

September 3, 1972 (Sunday)

• The elections for the Khmer Republic's 126-member National Assembly took place. Because of a presidential decree designed to give President Lon Nol's Social Republican Party an advantage, the other parties withdrew from participating. The Socio-Republicans won all 126 seats on what was claimed to be a 78% turnout.^[7]

September 4, 1972 (Monday)

• Bob Barker began a 35-year run as host of one of America's most popular game shows, as The New Price Is Right was shown for the first time on CBS. Barker hosted the show (later simply The Price Is Right) until June 15, 2007.
• Mark Spitz became the first competitor to win seven medals at a single Olympic Games, swimming as part of the American team in the 400 meter relay.

September 5, 1972 (Tuesday)

• Munich massacre: While the 1972 Summer Olympics were in progress, eight members of the Palestinian terrorist group Black September broke into the Olympic Village in Munich, killed two members of Israel's Olympic team, and took nine others hostage.^[8] A rescue attempt the next day would end in disaster.
• Died: Yossef Romano, 32, Israeli weightlifter; Moshe Weinberg, 33, Israeli wrestling coach

September 6, 1972 (Wednesday)

• Munich massacre: Following a bungled attempt by West Germany police to rescue kidnapped members of the Israeli Olympic team, held at Fürstenfeldbruck airport, Palestinian gunmen murdered all nine of their hostages. Five of the terrorists and one policeman died. The Olympic games resumed after a brief interruption.^[9]
• Born: Anika Noni Rose, American actress, 2004 Tony Award winner, in Bloomfield, Connecticut; China Miéville, British fantasy novelist
• Died: Luttif Afif and four other Palestinian terrorists; David Mark Berger, 28, Israeli weightlifter; Ze'ev Friedman, 28, Israeli weightlifter; Yossef Gutfreund, 30, Israeli wrestling referee; Eliezer Halfin, 24, Israeli wrestler; Amitzur Shapira, 30, Israeli athletics coach; Kehat Shorr, 53, Israeli shooting coach; Mark Slavin, 28, Israeli wrestler; Andre Spitzer, 37, Israeli fencing coach; Yakov Springer, Israeli weightlifting judge (b. c. 1921)

September 7, 1972 (Thursday)

• Prime Minister Indira Gandhi gave scientists at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre the go-ahead to manufacture India's first nuclear bomb. India became the world's fifth nuclear power with the successful explosion of the bomb on May 18, 1974.^[10]
• The Soviet Union's Council of Ministers issued a directive to amend Section 74 of the Soviet Regulations on Communications, providing that "The use of telephonic communications ... for aims contrary to the interest of the State and to public order is forbidden." Under the regulation, telephone service was disconnected for dissidents without formally charging them with a crime.^[11]

September 8, 1972 (Friday)

• Munich massacre: In retaliation for the killing of nine Israeli Olympic athletics, Israel's air force bombed Palestinian strongholds in Syria and Lebanon.^[12]
• Born: Os du Randt, South African rugby union player
• Born: Patrick McGlynn, Famous Irish Taxi Driver

September 9, 1972 (Saturday)

• A link between Kentucky's Mammoth Cave and the adjacent Flint Ridge Cave System was discovered by explorers from the Cave Research Foundation, creating the longest-cave passageway in the world, 144.4 miles from one end to the other.^[13]
• At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, the American men's basketball team, which had 64 victories and no defeats since the sport was added in 1936, lost to the Soviet Union, 51–50, on a shot at the buzzer by Alexander Belov. The U.S. team had been ahead, 50–49, when time first ran out, but Olympic officials added three seconds to the clock.^[14] The Soviets won the gold medal, and the Americans voted unanimously to refuse the silver medal.
• The three American television networks introduced their new cartoon schedules on the same morning. Among the new series being shown for the first time was Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.
• Charles B. DeBellevue became the last American flying ace, registering a fifth and sixth shootdown, the most during the Vietnam War.^[15]
• Born: Natasha Kaplinsky, British news anchor, in Brighton

September 10, 1972 (Sunday)

• Brazilian driver Emerson Fittipaldi won the Italian Grand Prix at Monza and became, at age 25, the youngest Formula One world champion.
• Frank Shorter of the United States won the marathon at the Olympic games in Munich, finishing with a time of 2:12:19.8^[16]
• The United States used its Veto Power for only the second time since the formation of the United Nations in 1945, killing a U.N. resolution that demanded a halt to Israel's reprisals against Palestinian guerillas in Syria and Lebanon.^[17]
• Prof. Dr. Tunc O smoked his first Roth-Handle instead of Gitane at the Hamburg Hauptbahnhof.
• Born: Ghada Shouaa, Syrian Olympic gold medalist (1996, heptathlon), in Mhardeh, and Rio Tahara, Japanese snowboarder, in Nagano

September 11, 1972 (Monday)

• The Bay Area Rapid Transit System, more commonly known by the acronym BART, began operation on a 28-mile run between Oakland and Fremont, and would later expand to connect San Francisco and other points in the area.^[18]
• At the request of White House aide John Ehrlichman, John Dean met with IRS Commissioner Johnnie Walters and gave him a list of 490 individuals to investigate. Walters consulted with Treasury Secretary Schultz the next day, who directed him to do nothing.^[19]

September 12, 1972 (Tuesday)

• Nearly four years after it was proposed by President Nixon, the federal revenue sharing plan, which would transfer $5.3 billion of U.S. government revenues to state and local governments, was approved by the Senate, 64–20. The measure had passed the House, 275–122, on June 22.^[20]
• The attack on two British fishing trawlers, by the Icelandic gunboat ICGV Aegir, triggered the second Cod War between the UK and Iceland.^[21][22]
• The television show Maude premiered on CBS-TV at 8:00 pm, opposite the premiere on ABC of Temperatures Rising.
• Born: Budi Putra, Indonesian journalist, in Payakumbuh

September 13, 1972 (Wednesday)

• Fifty-four North Korean members of its Red Cross delegation crossed the border at Panmunjom at 10:00 a.m. and were welcomed by their South Korean counterparts, in the first visit North Korean officials since the end of the Korean War.^[23]
• More than 30 people, mostly schoolchildren, drowned when a ferry across the Kerian River (in Malaysia's Perak state) capsized. Some children were able to swim to safety, but most drowned in 40-foot-deep (12 m) waters.^[24]
• Born: Jimmy Pate (Jim L Pate), American Master Blaster
• Born: Kelly Chen (Vivian Chen Wai Man), Hong Kong singer

September 14, 1972 (Thursday)

• Pope Paul VI issued a motu proprio, rejecting calls to allow women to have any formal ministerial role in the Roman Catholic Church. "In accordance with the venerable tradition of the Church," the Pope proclaimed, "installation in the ministries of lector and acolyte is reserved to men."^[25]
• More than 33 years after the outbreak of World War II, West Germany and Poland restored diplomatic relations. East Germany had been an ally of Poland since that nation's establishment in 1949.
• The Waltons, based on producer Earl Hamner's reminiscences of his rural childhood, began a ten-season run on CBS. The setting was the fictional "Jefferson County, Virginia" in the 1930s.^[26]
• Born: Notah Begay III, American Indian golfer

September 15, 1972 (Friday)

• A federal grand jury indicted the five Watergate burglars, along with E. Howard Hunt and G. Gordon Liddy.^[27] On the same day, White House staff attorney John Dean met with President Nixon for the first time. In the meeting, which lasted from 5:27 to 6:17, and discussed the covering up of the White House role in the Watergate break-in. Dean would testify about his memory of the discussion at the Watergate hearings on June 25, 1973, unaware that Oval Office conversations were all recorded at Nixon's request. Nixon, Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman, and Dean, discussed plans to take revenge on the President's enemies. "They are asking for it and they are going to get it," commented Nixon, adding "We haven't used the Bureau and we haven't used the Justice Department, but things are going to change now. They're going to get it right."^[28]
• South Vietnam's army regained control of the city of Quảng Trị, more than three months after the provincial capital had been captured by North Vietnamese forces.^[29]
• Born: Jimmy Carr, British comedian, in Hounslow
• Died: Geoffrey Fisher, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1887)

September 16, 1972 (Saturday)

• At least 103 people were killed in the collapse of the Colgante Bridge, during the festival at of Our Lady of Peñafrancia, near Naga City in the Philippines. At 4:30 in the afternoon, the wooden bridge fell apart under the weight of spectators, plunging people and debris into the Bicol River.^[30]
• The Bob Newhart Show began a successful seven season run on CBS, giving the master of the telephone monologue a situation comedy role as Chicago psychologist Dr. Robert Hartley. A variety show of the same name appeared on NBC from 1961 to 1962.^[31]
• "Deep Throat" (later revealed to be FBI Associate Director W. Mark Felt) listened over the telephone to reporter Bob Woodward's draft of a story on Watergate and confirmed an anonymous tip that money from Maurice Stans had been used to finance the Watergate break-in.^[32]

September 17, 1972 (Sunday)

• The television series M*A*S*H began an eleven-season run, eight years longer than the Korean War which provided its setting.^[33]
• In the first release of prisoners of war since 1969, North Vietnam released three American POWs. Navy Lieutenants. Norris Charles and Markham Gartley, and Air Force Major Edward Elias were provided civilian clothes and then allowed to stay in Hanoi with an American welcoming team. Another 539 American POWs remained in captivity, and more than 1,000 Americans listed as missing in action were unaccounted for.^[34]
• Uganda was invaded, from Tanzania, by 1,000 soldiers of the "Uganda People's Militia".^[35] The Ugandan Army repelled the invasion after two weeks of fighting.

September 18, 1972 (Monday)

• Former Japanese Foreign Minister Zentaro Kosaka verbally apologized at a banquet in Beijing for Japan's atrocities against China prior to and during World War II.^[36]

September 19, 1972 (Tuesday)

• A parcel bomb sent to the Israeli Embassy in London killed Ami Schachori, the agricultural attaché, who was scheduled to return home after four years abroad. Another bomb arrived at the Israeli Embassy in Paris later in the day, but was disarmed. Both packages had been sent from Amsterdam.^[37] Other packages were delivered the next day in New York and Montreal, and defused.
• Oakland A's used 30 players in a 15-inning game against the Cubs (MLB record)
• Born Ashot Nadanian, Armenian chess player, in Baku
• Died Robert Casadesus, 73, French pianist

September 20, 1972 (Wednesday)

• Britain's ratification of the Treaty of Accession to the Common Market was completed.^[38]
• Floyd Patterson's comeback attempt came to an end with a bout against Muhammad Ali. Patterson, the world heavyweight boxing champion from 1956 to 1959, and 1961 to 1962, had been attempting to regain his crown since 1970. The fight was stopped in the seventh round after Ali opened a cut over Patterson's eye.^[39]

September 21, 1972 (Thursday)

• Ferdinand Marcos, the President of the Philippines, appeared on television to announce that he had proclaimed martial law under Proclamation No. 1081. The pretext was the attempted assassination of Defense Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile, but the proclamation had been signed the day before. Enrile's driver was killed during the staged attack.^[40]
• Strike Out driven by Keith Waples won the Little Brown Jug, the second leg of the Triple Crown of Harness Racing for Pacers, with a world record time of 1:56 3/5.^[41]
• Born: Liam Gallagher, British singer (Oasis); Jon Kitna, American quarterback, in Tacoma
• Died: Ben Kiwanuka, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Uganda, kidnapped from his courtroom on this day by Ugandan soldiers, and never seen again.^[42]
• Died: Henry de Montherlant, 76, French writer (suicide)

September 22, 1972 (Friday)

• Hexachlorophene, an anti-bacterial compound that had been a popular additive in skin cleansers, cosmetics, deodorants, toothpastes and baby powder, was banned by the Food and Drug Administration except for prescription use. FDA studies had concluded that HCP caused brain damage in infants, and ordered immediate removal of baby powder with more than 0.75% HCP, and directed that cleansers with 3% concentration could be sold only by prescription.^[43]
• Willy Brandt called for a vote of confidence in his government, one he expected to lose, as a pretext for new parliamentary elections.^[44]

September 23, 1972 (Saturday)

• At an annual meeting of the International Monetary Fund, U.S. Treasury Secretary George P. Schultz unveiled a proposal for "SDRs"—Special Drawing Rights—to replace gold reserves as the asset to which the world currencies would be tied.^[45]
• Julius Erving is remembered for playing for the Philadelphia 76ers, the New York Nets and even the Virginia Squires, but his first NBA game was actually for the Atlanta Hawks, for whom he played in an exhibition against the ABA's Kentucky Colonels, in a 112–99 win in Frankfort, Kentucky. Erving played another exhibition for the NBA Hawks before returning to the ABA.^[46]
• "Moo-la the Cow" was unveiled in Stephenville, Texas, honoring the local dairy industry.^[47]
• A 15-year-old boy in Waldport, Oregon, was killed, and two other people injured, after being struck by lightning.^[48] Though he was carrying a box, containing 135 sticks of dynamite, the box did not explode, contrary to some repetitions^[49]
• Thirty-one people were killed in a fire at the Oscar restaurant on the Greek island of Rhodes, after a short circuit set fire to bamboo paneling. Most of the dead were Scandinavian tourists.^[50]
• Johnnie Taylor performs at the Summit Club in Los Angeles. The whole act was recorded on his album "Live At The Summit Club."
• Born: Karl Pilkington, British TV and radio personality, in Manchester

September 24, 1972 (Sunday)

• An F-86 fighter aircraft crashed into a Farrell's Ice Cream Parlour in Sacramento, killing 12 children and 11 adults. The store, located across a highway from the edge of an airport runway, had at least 100 people inside at the time.^[51]
• Japan's Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka arrived in Beijing, where he was welcomed by China's Premier, Zhou Enlai.^[52]

September 25, 1972 (Monday)

• Norwegian EC referendum, 1972: In deciding whether to approve Norway's entry into the Common Market, voters rejected the Treaty of Accession. The final vote was 1,118,281 "Nei" and 971,687 "Ja". On November 28, 1994, voters rejected a second proposal to join the European Community.^[53]
• Japan's Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka arrived in the People's Republic of China to restore relations between the Japanese and Chinese people, and to make amends for Japan's atrocities, including the Rape of Nanking.^[54]
• Died: Alejandra Pizarnik, 36 Argentine poet (suicide)

September 26, 1972 (Tuesday)

• Following a 342–34 approval by the House of Representatives, the bill creating the WIC Program (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children) was signed into law by President Nixon.^[55]
• Rebel forces crossed from North Yemen to attack South Yemen.^[56]
• North Vietnamese negotiator Lê Đức Thọ dropped demands that South Vietnam's President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu be removed from office as a condition for ending the Vietnam War, a breakthrough in peace negotiations.^[57]
• The first exhibition game for the new World Hockey Association took place in Quebec City, between two of the four teams that would eventually be admitted to the National Hockey League. The New England Whalers beat the Quebec Nordiques, 4–1.^[58]
• Money, the monthly personal finance magazine published by Time Inc., was introduced on newsstands, with the first issue being dated for October 1972.^[59]

September 27, 1972 (Wednesday)

• Canada banned the sale and use of firecrackers.^[60]
• In Fort Lauderdale, Susan Place, 17, and Georgia Jessup, 16, went with their friend, "Jerry Shepard", on a trip "to the beach to play the guitar". Their remains were found seven months later, the first known victims of serial killer Gerard Schaefer. Schaefer had been dismissed from the office of the Martin County, Florida Sheriff's Department earlier in the year, and was awaiting trial after a failed kidnapping, on July 22, of two other teenage girls.^[61]
• Born: Gwyneth Paltrow, American actress, 1998 Oscar winner for Best Actress (Shakespeare in Love), in Los Angeles
• Died: S. R. Ranganathan, 81, pioneering Indian librarian, and Rory Storm, 33, British musician

September 28, 1972 (Thursday)

• With Paul Henderson scoring the winning goal past goalie Vladislav Tretiak, the Canadian national men's hockey team defeated the Soviet national ice hockey team in Game 8 of the 1972 Summit Series (La Série du Siècle), 6–5, to win the series 4–3–1.^[62]
• After 66 years, the United States Secretary of the Army cleared the records of the black soldiers involved in the Brownsville Affair. The 167 members of the 25th United States Regiment had been dishonorably discharged after being accused of complicity in the shooting of two white men in Brownsville, Texas.^[63] Following the publication of John D. Weaver's book The Brownsville Raid, in 1970, the U.S. Army reopened the investigation of the incident and concluded that the men had been innocent.^[64]

September 29, 1972 (Friday)

• Vasil Mzhavanadze, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Georgian SSR, and Soviet Georgia's de facto leader, was removed from his job by the Soviet Communist Party's Central Committee. Mzhavadnadze retained his post as a full member of the Politburo, but was replaced as the Georgian leader by Eduard Shevardnadze.^[65]
• Sino-Japanese relations: Under a Joint Communiqué of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China, Japan, normalized diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China after breaking official ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan). On August 12, 1978, the two nations formally ended their state of war with a peace treaty.
• In a story headlined "Mitchell Controlled Secret GOP Fund", Washington Post investigative reporters Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward broke the story that "while serving as U.S. Attorney General, Mitchell personally controlled a secret Republican fund that was used to gather information about the Democrats, according to sources involved in the Watergate investigation."^[66]
• The eight member nations of the European Space Research Organization (ESRO) officially adopted the METEOSAT programme, providing for European launched meteorological satellites.^[67]

September 30, 1972 (Saturday)

• Roberto Clemente made his 3,000th hit, which would also prove to be his very last. Clemente was killed in a plane crash at the end of the year.^[68]
• Dr. Irving Selikoff of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine addressed the annual National Cancer Conference in Los Angeles, and announced the increase in cases of mesothelioma among men who had been exposed to asbestos 30 years earlier during World War II.^[69]
• Born: Shaan (Shantanu Mukherjee), Indian singer, in Khandwa

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