Sanusi Lamido Sanusi

Muhammadu Sanusi II
CON

Sanusi at the 2013 World Economic Forum
Emir of Kano
Assumed office
8 June 2014
Preceded by Ado Bayero
Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria
In office
3 June 2009 – 2 June 2014
(suspended 24 February 2014)
Preceded by Charles Chukwuma Soludo
Succeeded by Godwin Emefiele
Personal details
Born Malam Sanusi Lamido Sanusi
(1961-07-31) 31 July 1961
Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
Nationality Nigerian
Spouse(s) Sadiya Ado Bayero, Maryam, and Rakiya
Relations Muhammadu Sanusi (grandfather)
Residence Gidan Rumfa, Kano
Alma mater King's College Lagos
Ahmadu Bello University
International University of Africa
Profession Banker
Religion Sunni-Islam
Awards Central Bank Governor of the Year (2011)

Emir Muhammadu Sanusi II (born: Sanusi Lamido Sanusi) was born into the Fulani Torodbe (Sullubawa) clan of Kano on 31 July 1961. He was crowned 8 June 2014 as the Emir of Kano, succeeding his late grand uncle Dr Ado Bayero (who died on Friday 6 June 2014). Malam Sanusi was a successful banker and was a former Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria. He was appointed on 3 June 2009 for a five-year term, but was suspended from office by President Goodluck Jonathan on 20 February 2014 after claiming that a $20 billion fraud was committed in the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). Malam Sanusi is the grandson of Muhammadu Sunusi (The 11th Fulani Emir of Kano ) [1] He was a career banker and ranking Fulani nobleman, and also serves as a respected Islamic scholar.[2] The global financial intelligence magazine, The Banker, published by the Financial Times, conferred on Sanusi two awards, the global award for Central Bank Governor of the Year, as well as for Central Bank Governor of the Year for Africa.[3] The TIME magazine also listed Sanusi in its TIMES 100 list of Most Influential People of 2011[4] In 2013, Sanusi was also awarded a Special GIFA award at the third Global Islamic Finance Awards held in Dubai, for his advocacy role in promoting Islamic banking and finance in Nigeria during his stint as Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria.In 2015, Emir Muhammadu Sanusi II was awarded Global Leadership in Islamic Finance Award 2015 by Global Islamic Finance Awards (GIFA) to become the fifth GIFA Laureate, following Tun Abdullah Badawi (2011), HRH Sultan Nazrin Shah (2012), Shaukat Aziz (2013) and Nurrsultan Nazarbayev (2014). Emir Muhammadu Sanusi II was born as Sanusi Lamido Sanusi (Mallam Sanusi Lamido Sanusi) into the Fulani Torobe (Sullubawa) clan of Kano on the July 31 1961. He is the grandson of Sir Muhammadu Sunusi, the 11th Emir of Kano, from the Sullubawa clan of the Torobe Fulani. He is the direct son of Muhammad Lamido Sanusi, a career diplomat and technocrat that served as the Nigerian Ambassador to Belgium, China and Canada, who later served as the Permanent Secretary of Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Educational background

Sanusi had his primary education at the St. Anne’s Catholic Primary School, Kakuri, Kaduna between the years 1967-1972, where he obtained his First School Leaving Certificate. Lamido Sanusi had his secondary education at King's College Lagos, where he graduated in 1977. He got admission into Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria, where he obtained a Bachelors degree in Economics in 1981. He furthered his studies and obtained a Masters degree in Economics at Ahmadu Bello University in 1983, and became an instructor there from 1983 until 1985. Sanusi also studied in the International University of Africa, Khartoum, Sudan, where he obtained a degree in Islamic Law. Sanusi was posted to Gongola State (now Adamawa and Taraba States) where he did his National Youth Service Corpse (NYSC) mandatory service.

Career

In 1985 Sanusi got employed by the Icon Limited (Merchant Bankers), a subsidiary of Morgan Guaranty Trust Bank of New York United States, and Baring Brothers of London. He later joined the United Bank for Africa in 1997, working at the bank’s Credit and Risk Management Division, he rose to the position of a General Manager. In September 2005, he became one of the Board members of First Bank of Nigeria as an Executive Director in charge of Risk and Management Control. Later he was appointed Group Managing Director (CEO) in January 2009. Almost at the same period, Sanusi was also the Chairman, Kakawa Discount House, where he sat on the Board of FBN Bank (UK) Limited.

Sanusi was the first person from the northern Nigeria to be appointed CEO in the history of First Bank in Nigeria.

On June 1, 2009, during the regime of President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, Sanusi was nominated as Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria and his appointment was confirmed by the Nigerian Senate on June 3, 2009 at the height of the a global financial crisis.

Emir of Kano

On June 8, 2014, Sanusi was selected to succeed his great uncle Ado Bayero as the Emir of Kano. Many people had expected Ado Bayero's son to succeed him as Emir, this led the supporters of Bayero's son to angrily protest Sanusi's appointment. On june 9, 2014, he was formally crowned as Emir Muhammadu Sunusi II, making him the 14th Emir of Kano and the leader of the Tijaniyya Sufi order, a position that is historically the second most important Muslim position in Nigeria after the Sultan of Sokoto who is the leader of the Qadiriyya sufi order. Sanusi Lamido Sanusi is married to Hajia Sadiya, the daughter of his uncle and the late Emir Ado Bayero (Sanusi’s predecessor) and Hajia Maryam and they have a total of eight children.

Education and teaching experience

Lamido Sanusi graduated from King's College Lagos in 1977[5] and attended Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria where he earned a bachelor's degree in Economics in 1981. He obtained a master's degree in Economics at ABU (1983) and was an instructor at ABU from 1983 to 1985.[5]

Banking career

In 1985 Sanusi joined Icon Limited (Merchant Bankers), a subsidiary of Morgan Guaranty Trust Bank of New York, and Baring Brothers of London. He moved to the United Bank for Africa in 1997 in the Credit and Risk Management Division, rising to the position of a General Manager. In September 2005, he joined the Board of First Bank of Nigeria as an Executive Director in charge of Risk and Management Control, and was appointed Group Managing Director (CEO) in January 2009. He was also the Chairman, Kakawa Discount House and sat on the Board of FBN Bank (UK) Limited.[1] Sanusi is recognized in the banking industry for his contribution towards developing a risk management culture in Nigerian banking.[6] First Bank is Nigeria's oldest bank and one of the biggest financial institutions in Africa.[7] Sanusi was the first northerner to be appointed CEO in First Bank's history of more than a century.[8]

Governor of the Central Bank

President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua nominated Sanusi as Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria on 1 June 2009 and his appointment was confirmed by the Senate on 3 June 2009, in the middle of a global financial crisis.[9] Analysts believed that Sanusi's tempered mien would serve as a counterpoise to the more aloof disposition of his predecessor, Charles Chukwuma Soludo.[10] Based on his past record, it seemed probable that as governor of the central bank he would impose stricter controls.[11]

In August 2009, the Sanusi led the Central Bank to "rescue" Afribank, Intercontinental Bank, Union Bank, Oceanic Bank and Finbank by bailing them out with 400 billion naira of public money, and dismissed their chief executives. Some point to other factors including religious, ethnic and existing bank records and plans to say he in fact had a hidden agenda. He said "We had to move in to send a strong signal that such recklessness on the part of bank executives will no longer be tolerated." 16 senior bank officials faced charges that included fraud, lending to fake companies, giving loans to companies they had a personal interest in and conspiring with stockbrokers to boost share prices, and today he has been appointed as the Emir of Kano by Gov. Rabi'u Musa Kwankwaso of Kano following the departure of Alh. Ado Bayero.[12] In September 2009, he said that 15 of the current 24 Nigerian banks might survive reform in the banking sector.[13]

In a wide-ranging interview with the Financial Times in December 2009, Sanusi the extensive reforms that he had initiated since taking office, dubbed by some as the "Sanusi tsunami". Some believe that he had a personal vendetta against some of the bank CEOs while others point to proof of mismanagement of funds by some of the CEOs, most notably Cecelia Ibru as justification for the steps he implemented. He noted that there was no choice but to attack the many powerful and interrelated vested interests who were exploiting the financial system, and expressed his appreciation of support from the Presidency, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, the finance minister and others.[14]

In January 2010, Sanusi said that banks will only want to give credit to Nigeria’s small and medium enterprises (SMEs), if the government gives adequate attention to the provision of infrastructure.[15]

In January 2010, Sanusi admitted that since 2005 the Central Bank had not conducted routine examinations of the 14 banks allocated to it under the sharing arrangement with Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC).[16] Abubakar Nagona, president of Integrated Development and Investment Service (IDIS), a venture capital investment company urged Sanusi to "not be cowed and succumb to undue pressure from operators of the same sector he is striving to bring sanity to."[17] At a February 2010 conference on banking in Nigeria, Sanusi described his blueprint for reforming the Nigerian financial system. He said that it was built around four pillars of enhancing the quality of banks, establishing financial stability, enabling healthy financial sector evolution and ensuring that the financial sector contributes to the real economy.[18] Talking later that month, Sanusi said that the crash in the capital market was due to high level of financial illiteracy on the part of Nigerian investors.[19]

The Banker recognized him as the Central Bank Governor of the Year 2010 citing his radical anti-corruption campaign aimed at saving 24 banks on the brink of collapse and pressing for the managers involved in the most blatant cases of corruption to be charged and, in the case of two senior bankers, imprisoned.[3]

Sanusi has spoken at many distinguished events, including Warwick Economics Summit in February 2012 where he spoke about banking reforms in Nigeria and their impact on the economy.[20]

Sharia authority

In parallel to his banking career, Sanusi contributed to the debate over Sharia law. In 1997, Sanusi obtained a degree in Sharia and Islamic Studies from the African International University in Khartoum, Sudan.[1] Writing in the Weekly Trust in September 2000, he noted the problem of reconciling "belief in the universal and eternal applicability of the Shariah with the need for a wholesale adoption of its historically specific interpretation to meet the requirements of a particular milieu." He further said that "Even a cursory student of Islamic history knows that all the trappings of gender inequality present in the Muslim society have socio-economic and cultural, as opposed to religious roots."[21]

At a conference in 2000 in Kaduna, Sanusi delivered a lecture on Islamic economics called Institutional Framework of Zakat: Dimension and Implications. He argued that although collection of zakat is the responsibility of the state, it may be the responsibility of the Nigerian government rather than the emirs in Northern Nigeria. In July 2001 at a seminar in Abuja he talked on Basic Needs and Redistributive Justice in Islam – The Panacea to Poverty in Nigeria. He took the mainstream position that zakat is an instrument for redistributing income, but argued in favor of giving the role of redistribution to the government.[22]

In October 2002 he published a paper on The Hudhood Punishments in Northern Nigeria: A Muslim Criticism. In July 2003 he presented The Shari'a Debate and the Construction of a 'Muslim' Identity in Northern Nigeria: A Critical Perspective at a seminar at the University of Bayreuth. In August 2003 he presented Democracy, Rights and Islam: Theory, Epistemology and the Quest for Synthesis at an international conference on Shari'ah Penal and Family Law in Nigeria and in the Muslim World: A Rights-Based Approach in Abuja.[23]

There are two underlying themes to Sanusi's position. First, Islam is concerned with delivering justice and should not be a tool for self-seeking political agendas. Second, the Wahhabist rhetoric of fundamentalists is counter to genuine Muslim interests.[24] He explains that Sharia is not divine but merely religious, and is neither uniform nor unchanging.[25]

Nigeria 'Fuel Subsidy' removal

Economists have tended to favor the removal of subsidies.[26][27] He cites the high level of corruption engendered by the practice, the inefficiency of subsidizing consumption instead of production leading to slower economic growth, and the fact that the government borrows money to finance the subsidy, in effect taxing future generations so that current Nigerians can consume more fuel.

Sanusi, other economists and development practitioners[26] also cite that the subsidy is heavily biased in favor of the small middle- and upper-class who use most of the fuel. Additionally, some people purchase the subsidized gas in Nigeria to resell it in other West African countries.

Emir of Kano

Sanusi was selected to succeed his grand uncle Ado Bayero as the Emir of Kano on the 8th of June, 2014. There was great controversy over the appointment. Some believed that it was politically motivated and a move to avoid charges of fraud from his term as the governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria. Many also expected Bayero's son to succeed him as Emir and supporters of Bayero's son angrily protested Sanusi's appointment.[28] He was formally crowned as Emir Muhammadu Sunusi II on the 9th of June, 2014 making him the 14th Emir of Kano[29] and the leader of the Tijaniyya Sufi order, historically the second most important Muslim position in Nigeria after the Sultan of Sokoto, the leader of the more populous Qadiriyya sufi order.[30][31]

After he urged his followers to fight back against the Nigerian Islamist group Boko Haram, the Kano Mosque, the seat of his emirate, was bombed in November 2014, killing 150.[32][33] In December 2014, Boko Haram leader Abubakar Shekau, accused him of deviating from Islam and threatened to kill him.[33] Sanusi replied that he is "safe with Allah" and likened Shekau’s comments describing Sufis as unbelievers to those of the heretical Islamic preacher Maitatsine.[34]

Remarks on funds diversion

Nigeria lost a billion dollars a month to diversion of funds under the government of Goodluck Jonathan, according to a 2013 TED talk by Sanusi[35] [36]

The PBS segment quoted American and British officials saying that former Petroleum Minister Diezani Alison-Madueke might personally have organized a diversion of $6 billion (N1.2 trillion) from the Nigerian treasury. She was arrested in London on October 2, 2015.[37]

Sanusi believes he was fired from the Central Bank of Nigeria because he went public with charges that $20 billion was missing from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) under Alison-Madueke's management. Alison Madueke says Sanusi made the allegations to retaliate after she didn’t help him to get appointed as the president of the African Development Bank (AfDB) and dismissed his allegation.[38]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Mr. Sanusi Lamido Aminu Sanusi". Central Bank of Nigeria. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
  2. ↑ "The Role of Islam in Nigeria". The University of Georgia. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  3. 1 2 "Central Bank Governor of the Year 2011". The Banker. Retrieved 2010-12-23.
  4. ↑ "The 2011 Time 100". Time.
  5. 1 2 "Vice President - Mr Sanusi Lamido Sanusi". King's College Old Boys' Association. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
  6. ↑ Daniel Elombah (25 May 2009). "Who is Sanusi Lamido Sanusi". Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  7. ↑ "Sanusi Lamido Sanusi – A Profile". Leadership. 15 December 2009. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  8. ↑ Chika Otuchikere (10 August 2008). "Sanusi Lamido Sanusi Becomes First Bank MD". Leadership. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  9. ↑ "Nigeria: Senate Confirms Lamido Sanusi as New CBN Governor". TradeInvest Africa (Cape Town). 4 June 2009. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  10. ↑ IKECHUKWU EZE AND ALEX CHIEJINA (2 June 2009). "From Soludo to Sanusi: From panache to tempered mien". Business Day. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  11. ↑ Ikenna Obi (2 June 2009). "From Soludo to Sanusi: Lamido Sanusi's CBN – Banks in for an era of stricter control". Business Day. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  12. ↑ HARRY UNDERWOOD (3 September 2009). "Bonfire of the Bankers". The First Post. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  13. ↑ "CBN Dep Gov Restates Likely Emergence of 15 Banks". Thisday. 29 September 2009. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  14. ↑ Tom Burgis (17 December 2009). "FT interview transcript: Lamido Sanusi". Financial Times. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  15. ↑ BLESSING ANARO (13 January 2010). "Provision of infrastructure, key to SMEs' credit access – Sanusi". Business Day. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  16. ↑ Blessing Anaro (11 January 2010). "Sanusi must send clear messages to CBN staff". Business Day. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  17. ↑ Hope Moses (29 January 2010). "Sanusi urged to remain undeterred in pursuit of banking reforms". Business Day. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  18. ↑ JOHN OMACHONU (22 February 2010). "Waiting for Sanusi's blue print for banking industry resuscitation". Business Day. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  19. ↑ ONYINYE NWACHUKWU (24 February 2010). "Sanusi links capital market crash to financial illiteracy". Business Day. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  20. ↑ http://www.warwickeconomicssummit.com/2012/programme Warwick Economics Summit 2012 Programme
  21. ↑ Sanusi Lamido Sanusi (18 September 2000). "Shariah And the Woman Question". Weekly Trust (Kaduna). Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  22. ↑ Holger Weiss (2002). Social welfare in Muslim societies in Africa. Nordic Africa Institute. p. 182ff. ISBN 91-7106-481-8.
  23. ↑ John N. Paden (2005). Muslim civic cultures and conflict resolution: the challenge of democratic federalism in Nigeria. Brookings Institution Press. p. 274ff. ISBN 0-8157-6817-6.
  24. ↑ Ogbu Kalu (2008). African Pentecostalism: an introduction. Oxford University Press US. p. 237. ISBN 0-19-534000-0.
  25. ↑ Wendy Chavkin, Ellen Chesler (2005). Where human rights begin: health, sexuality, and women in the new millennium. Rutgers University Press. p. 79. ISBN 0-8135-3657-X.
  26. 1 2 "End them at once!". The Economist. 2011-12-31. Retrieved 2012-04-20. Sanusi has spoken out on numerous occasions in favor of removing the subsidy.
  27. ↑ ""Why I Started War Against Subsidies"- Sanusi Lamido Sanusi". The Street Journal. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
  28. ↑ Nigeria’s Muslim north: Modern mind in a seat of tradition, www.economist.com.
  29. ↑ Sanusi' Coronation As Emir: Schools Shut In Kano Retrieved 2014-06-09.
  30. ↑ The Nigerian Voice: "ROAD TO AZARE" By Ajiroba Yemi Kotun 23 May 2013
  31. ↑ All Africa: "Nigeria: Updated - Kano Blasts Claim Over 60" By Ismail Mudashir November 28, 2014
  32. ↑ Daily Post: "Kano blast: 150 worshipers killed in ‘Sanusi’s Mosque’ after he travelled to Saudi Arabia" by Ameh Comrade Godwin November 29, 2014
  33. 1 2 National Post: "Boko Haram kidnaps 191, murders dozens as the group threatens Muslim leader for telling Nigerians to fight back" by Mustapha Muhammad December 18, 2014
  34. ↑ This Day Live: "I’m Safe with Allah, Emir Sanusi Replies Boko Haram" by Ibrahim Shuaibu 21 December 2014
  35. ↑ Jola Sobutu (July 12, 2015). "'Nigeria was losing $1bn a month under Jonathan,' Emir says [VIDEO]: Sanusi, a former Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) governor, made the comment again during a PBS interview on December 2, 2015.". pulse.ng. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
  36. ↑ Nick Schifrin (December 2, 2015). "How a cancer of corruption steals Nigerian oil, weapons and lives". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
  37. ↑ Jolo Sobuto (July 12, 2015). [Ex-minister might have personally supervised stealing of $6bn [VIDEO] "Ex-minister might have personally supervised stealing of $6bn [VIDEO]"] Check |url= value (help). pulse.ng. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
  38. ↑ Jolo Sobuto (April 7, 2016). "Panama Papers will expose more Nigerians". pulse.ng. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
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Sanusi Lamido Sanusi
Born: 31 July 1961
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Ado Bayero		 Emir of Kano
2014-present 		Succeeded by
incumbent
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