Ross Swimmer

Ross Swimmer

Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation
In office 1975–1985
Preceded by	W.W. Keeler
Succeeded by	Wilma Mankiller
Personal details
Born	(1943-10-26) October 26, 1943 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Spouse(s)	Margaret Swimmer
Children	2
Residence	Tulsa, Oklahoma
Alma mater	University of Oklahoma
Profession	businessman^[1]

Ross O. Swimmer (b. October 26, 1943)^[2] is the Special Trustee for American Indians at the U.S. Department of the Interior.^[3] Swimmer attended the University of Oklahoma,^[1] where he received both his Bachelor of Arts and Juris Doctor degrees.^[3] While there, he was a member of Alpha Sigma Phi Fraternity.

He is an enrolled member of the Cherokee Nation and served as Principal Chief^[3] from 1975–1985, when he resigned to accept the position of Assistant Secretary of Indian Affairs with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, a bureau within the U.S. Department of the Interior. Wilma Mankiller, Deputy Chief of the Cherokee Nation succeeded Swimmer as Chief of the Cherokees.

Swimmer served as president of the Cherokee Group, L.L.C., from 1995 until 2001. The Group is a consulting firm that represents Indian clients engaged in government issues at the state and federal level, and supports the development of businesses on Indian lands. He was also Of Counsel to the Tulsa, Oklahoma, based law firm of Hall Estill, where his wife Margaret is a Partner.

Working with the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York, Swimmer created a self-help program for rural community development.^[1]

On November 26, 2001, he was appointed by the Bush Administration to be the Director of the Office of Indian Trust Transition, which is a Department of Interior office that is attempting to bring the Indian Trust accounting process up to minimum court-ordered standards (Cobell v. Kempthorne).

Preceded by W.W. Keeler	Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation 1975–1985	Succeeded by Wilma Mankiller

References

Principal Chiefs of the Cherokee

Early decentralized leaders (pre-1794)

Outacite (d. 1729)
Charitey Hagey of Tugaloo (1716–1721)
Long Warrior of Tanasi (1729–1730)
Wrosetasetow, "emperor" of the Cherokees until 1730
Moytoy of Tellico (also known as Ama-edohi)
Attakullakulla (1708/1711–1780)
Amouskositte (1741–1753)
Old Hop (1753–1756)
Moytoy of Citico (1759–1761)
Uka Ulah (d. 1761)
Stalking Turkey
Outacite of Keowee (ca. 1703–ca. 1780)
Oconostota (also known as Ogan'sto', "Groundhog Sausage") (1778–1785)
Savanukah of Chota (1781–1783)
Old Tassel (or "Corntassel," "Tassel," Kaiyatahee) (1783–1788)
Raven of Chota
Little Turkey
- opposed by Hanging Maw (or Scolaguta) (served 1788–1794)

Chickamauga/Lower Cherokee (1777–1809)

Dragging Canoe (1777–1792)
John Watts (1792–1802)
Doublehead, brother of Old Tassel served from 1802–1807
The Glass, or Ta'gwadihi (1807–1809)

Cherokee Nation East (1794-1839)

Little Turkey (1794–1801)
Black Fox (1801–1811)
Pathkiller (1811–1827)
- Big Tiger (1824–1828); principal chief of Whitepath's faction
Charles R. Hicks (1827), de facto head of government from 1813
William Hicks (1827–1828)
John Ross (1828–1839)
- William Hicks (1833–1835)

Cherokee Nation West (1810–1839)

The Bowl (1810–1813)
Degadoga (1813–1817)
Tahlonteeskee (1817–1819)
John Jolly (1819–1838)
John Looney (1838–1839)
John Brown (1839)
John Looney (1839)
John Rogers (1839–1840)

Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory (1839–1907)

John Ross (1839–1862)
- Thomas Pegg, acting principal chief of the Union Cherokee (1862–1863)
- Smith Christie, acting principal chief of the Union Cherokee (1863)
- Lewis Downing, acting principal chief of the Union Cherokee (1864–1866)
Stand Watie, (1862–1866)
John Ross (1866)
William P. Ross (1866–1867)
Lewis Downing (1867–1872)
William P. Ross (1872–1875)
Charles Thompson (1875–1879)
Dennis Bushyhead (1879–1887)
Joel B. Mayes (1887–1891)
C. J. Harris (1891–1895)
Samuel Houston Mayes (1895–1899)
Thomas Buffington (1899–1903)
William Rogers (1903–1905); deposed by the council
Frank J. Boudinot (1905–1906); also president of the Keetoowah Nighthawk Society
William Charles Rogers (1906)

United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians (1939–present)

John Hitcher (1939–1946)
Jim Pickup (1946–1954)
Jeff Tindle (1954–1960)
Jim Pickup (1960–1967)
William Glory (1967–1979)
James L. Gordon (1979–1983)
John Hair (1983–1991)
John Ross (1991–1995)
Jim Henson (1996–2000)
Dallas Proctor 2000 – 2004
George Wickliffe 2005 – present

Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma/Cherokee Nation (1907–Present)

Appointed	William C. Rogers (1907-1917) Charles J. Hunt (December 27, 1928) Oliver P. Brewer (May 26, 1931) William W. Hastings (January 22, 1936) J.B. Milam (1941–1949) W. W. Keeler (1949–1971)

Elected	W. W. Keeler (1971–1975) Ross Swimmer (1975–1985) Wilma Mankiller (1985–1995) Joe Byrd (1995–1999) Chad "Corntassel" Smith (1999–2011) S. Joe Crittenden (acting, 2011) Bill John Baker (2011—present)

Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (1824–present)

Yonaguska (1824–1839)
William Holland Thomas (1838–1869)
Salonitah, or Flying Squirrel (1870–1875)
Lloyd R. Welch (1875–1880)
Nimrod Jarrett Smith (1880–1891)
Stillwell Saunooke (1891–1895)
Andy Standing Deer (1895–1899)
Jesse Reed (1899–1903)
Bird Saloloneeta, or Young Squirrel (1903–1907)
John Goins Welch (1907–1911)
Joseph A. Saunooke (1911–1915)
David Blythe (1915–1919)
Joseph A. Saunooke (1919–1923)
Sampson Owl (1923–1927)
John A. Tahquette (1927–1931)
Jarret Blythe (1931–1947)
Henry Bradley (1947–1951)
Jarret Blythe (1955–1959)
Osley Bird Saunooke (1951–1955)
Jarret Blythe (1955–1959)
Olsey Bird Saunooke (1959–1963)
Jarret Blythe (1963–1967)
Walter Jackson (1967–1971)
Noah Powell (1971–1973)
John A. Crowe (1973–1983)
Robert S. Youngdeer (1983–1987)
Jonathan L. Taylor (1987–1995)
Gerard Parker (1995)
Joyce Dugan (1995–1999)
Leon Jones (1999–2003)
Michell Hicks (2003–2015)
Patrick Lambert (2015–present)

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