Richard Pennant, 1st Baron Penrhyn
Richard Pennant, 1st Baron Penrhyn (1737 – 21 January 1808) was the owner of Penrhyn estate, on the outskirts of Bangor, North Wales, six sugar plantations in Jamaica and hundreds of enslaved African workers. He was a staunch anti-abolitionist Member of Parliament (MP) and peer.[1]
Biography
Richard Pennant was educated at Newcome's academy in Hackney and Trinity College, Cambridge.[2]
He was MP for Petersfield from 1761 to 1767, then becoming one of Liverpool's members from 1767 to 1780, and again from 1784 until 1790 when he offered his seat to Sir Banastre Tarleton who continued his anti-abolitionist activities. As owner of Penrhyn slate quarry, he was prominent in the development of the Welsh slate industry.[3] He was created 1st Baron Penrhyn of Penrhyn in the county of Lough, Ireland in 1783, even though he was not Irish. Holding an Irish peerage did not disqualify him from standing for elections to the Westminster House of Commons as, both before and after the Union, Irish peerages were used to create peers who could not sit in the English House of Lords but who could do so in the House of Commons.
Pennant owned vast properties in Caernarfonshire and six sugar plantations in Jamaica, where he owned over six hundred enslaved workers. He inherited half of his Welsh estate from his wife, Ann Susannah Pennant nee Warburton; the daughter of General Hugh Warburton, the other half from his father, John Pennant (Warburton's business partner). On his death, Richard's entire estate was inherited by his second cousin, George Hay Dawkins (1763–1840), who subsequently adopted the surname of Dawkins-Pennant. Dawkins' daughter Juliana and her husband were named as co-heirs of the estate on the condition that they also took the surname Pennant (which they duly accepted). Dawkins' son-in-law, Edward Gordon Douglas, was later created 1st Baron Penrhyn of Llandygai.[4]
References
Lee, Sidney, ed. (1895). "Pennant, Richard". Dictionary of National Biography. 44. London: Smith, Elder & Co. - Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
Notes
- ↑ Penrhyn Castle. London: National Trust. 1997. pp. 11–18. ISBN 0 7078 0115 X.
- ↑ "Pennant, Richard (PNNT754R)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- ↑ Penrhyn Castle. London: National Trust. 1997. p. 12. ISBN 0 7078 0115 X.
- ↑ Penrhyn Castle. London: National Trust. 1997. p. 31. ISBN 0 7078 0115 X.
| Parliament of Great Britain | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Sir John Philipps, Bt William Gerard Hamilton |
Member of Parliament for Petersfield 1761–1767 With: John Jolliffe |
Succeeded by John Jolliffe Richard Croftes |
| Preceded by Ellis Cunliffe William Meredith |
Member of Parliament for Liverpool 1767–1780 With: Bamber Gascoyne |
Succeeded by Bamber Gascoyne Henry Rawlinson |
| Preceded by Bamber Gascoyne Henry Rawlinson |
Member of Parliament for Liverpool 1784–1790 With: Bamber Gascoyne |
Succeeded by Bamber Gascoyne Sir Banastre Tarleton |
| Peerage of Ireland | ||
| New creation | Baron Penrhyn 1783–1808 |
Extinct |