Same-sex marriage in Finland

Legal status of same-sex unions
Marriage
Performed

Argentina
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
Colombia
Denmark:
· Denmark proper
· Greenland
Finland*
France
Iceland
Ireland
Luxembourg
Mexico:
· CM, CH, CA,
· CL, GR3, JA,
· MC, MR, NA,
· PU3, QE3,
· QR, CDMX

Netherlands:
· Netherlands proper
New Zealand:
· New Zealand proper
Norway
Portugal
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom:
· England and Wales
· Scotland
· AX and DX, AC*
· BAT, IM, PN
United States:
· United States proper
· GU, MP, PR, VI
· some tribal jurisdictions
Uruguay

Recognized

  1. When performed in Mexican states that have legalized same-sex marriage
  2. When performed in the Netherlands proper
  3. Marriages performed in some municipalities and recognized by the state

* Not yet in effect

LGBT portal

Same-sex marriage will become legal in Finland on 1 March 2017. A bill for legalization was approved by the parliament on 12 December 2014 and signed by the President on 20 February 2015. In order to implement the law, follow-up changes in other acts were required. The legislative measure to make most of these changes was approved by the parliament on 17 February 2016 and signed by President on 8 April 2016.

Legal recognition for same-sex couples in Finland has been available since 2002 in the form of registered partnerships (Finnish: rekisteröity parisuhde; Swedish: registrerat partnerskap), which provide the same rights and responsibilities as marriage for opposite-sex couples, except e.g. adoption rights. In 2009, the Parliament revised the law allowing couples to adopt the biological children of their partner.

Registered partnerships

Laws regarding same-sex partnerships in Europe
  Marriage
  Foreign marriages recognized
  Other type of partnership
  Unregistered cohabitation
  Unrecognized
  Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
---- Includes laws that have not yet gone into effect.

Legislation introducing registered partnerships (Finnish: rekisteröity parisuhde; Swedish: registrerat partnerskap) for same-sex couples was passed by the Parliament on 28 September 2001 with a vote of 99–84.[1] The act went into effect on 1 March 2002. Registered partnerships, which are available only to same-sex couples, provide the same rights and responsibilities as marriage for opposite-sex couples, except in e.g. adoption rights and family names, and they are registered and dissolved using a procedure similar to that for civil marriage. The legislation also grants immigration rights to a foreign partner.[2]

In May 2009, the Parliament revised the act allowing couples to adopt the biological children of their partner.[3][4] As of 1 March 2017, it will not be possible to enter into a new registered partnership anymore and existing registered partnerships will be converted into marriages on request, when the act to allow same-sex marriage enters into force.

Same-sex marriage

Parliamentary history

2007–2011 parliamentary term

A poll conducted by Christian newspaper Kotimaa reported in March 2010 that a narrow majority of Finnish MPs opposed same-sex marriage. Of the 126 MPs who responded asked if they would support gender-neutral marriage law 46% were in favour and 54% were opposed. 63% of Social Democratic representatives supported same-sex marriage as well all MPs from the Greens and Left Alliance. Majorities of the Centre Party and National Coalition Party opposed gender-neutral marriage law.[5][6]

However, a later survey in April 2010 by Helsingin Sanomat reported that there was cross-party support for gender-neutral marriage law and joint adoption rights. The National Coalition Party's secretary Taru Tujunen stated that an initiative would be put forward at the next party congress on gender-neutral marriage.[7][8] In the June 2010 party congress, the NCP delegates voted in favor of a gender-neutral marriage law, though the vice-chairman of NCP parliament group Ben Zyskowicz did not believe a same-sex marriage bill would be approved by the NCP during the upcoming four years, basing his view on the fact that the majority of the NCP MPs were against it.[9][10] Two weeks earlier the Social Democrats passed a measure in favor of same-sex marriage on their party congress.[11] Left Alliance and Green League also support it.[12][13] Foreign Minister Alexander Stubb, who held a speech at the opening ceremony of Helsinki Pride week on 28 June 2010, said he demands gender-neutral marriage law with full adoption rights for same-sex couples.[14]

On 2 July 2010, Minister of Justice Tuija Brax announced that the Ministry of Justice is preparing a reform of the Marriage Act in the autumn of 2011.[15] It was considered possible that same-sex marriage would be legalized after the 2011 parliamentary elections, where it was speculated to turn into one major theme,[16] though in the August 2010 survey, only 20% of the respondents said the issue should be a major theme.[17]

2011–2015 parliamentary term

According to the voting advice application of Helsingin Sanomat, 90 MPs of the 200-seat Parliament elected in April 2011 supported the inclusion of external adoption in same-sex couples' rights, while 93 MPs opposed it.[18] Upon joining the new government 2011 Christian Democrats required assurances that no Government bill will include same-sex marriage.[19] However, according to the Left Alliance, it was agreed upon during the talks on government formation that, if proposed as a Members' Initiative by individual MPs, such a bill could be endorsed by the remaining five parties in the government: the National Coalition, Social Democrats, Left Alliance, Green League and Swedish People's Party.[20] The legislative proposal was presented as a Members' Initiative on 29 September 2011.[21][22][23]

On 21 March 2012, after five months of signature gathering among MPs, the bill to legalize same-sex marriage was submitted to Parliament. 76 out of the 199 voting MPs had signed their support for the draft bill, and several additional members were expected to vote for it, including Prime Minister Jyrki Katainen.[24][25][26] On 27 February 2013, the bill was voted down by the Legal Affairs Committee in a 9–8 vote.[27][28] After being turned down by the committee, the similar bill was put forward as a citizens' initiative, organised by the Tahdon2013 campaign ("I do 2013").[29] The campaign commenced to gather signatures on 19 March 2013[27][30] and by the evening of the first day, the initiative had gathered over 90,000 online signatures, eventually reaching a total of 166 851. The required minimum for an initiative to be sent to Parliament is 50,000 signatures.[31][32]

Citizens' initiatives had only been possible in Finland since 2012.[33][34] Therefore in March 2013 it was still unclear whether a citizens' initiative would be considered on equal footing with a Government bill (hallituksen esitys), or a Members' Initiative (lakialoite).[35] Members' Initiatives signed by at least 100 MPs are given precedence in legislative process, while initiatives with less signatures mostly expire at the end of the legislative session.[36][37]

Speakers Council of Parliament issued in April recommendations on how citizens' initiatives are to proceed in Parliament. All initiatives will be sent to a committee chosen by the plenary session of Parliament. The committee should inform signatories of the initiative within six months on how the committee plans to handle the matter, e.g. hearings from specialists, whether to recommend the initiative for a vote in the plenary session etc. The committee has full authority on the matter and works independently.

Signature collection for the same-sex initiative ended after the standard six months period in September and the initiative was submitted to Parliament on 13 December 2013. In February, the initiative was sent to the Legal Affairs Committee.[38][39][32][40][41] and the Committee unanimously voted to schedule a public hearing on the initiative on 13 March 2014.[42] After the public hearing Yle reported that the initiative will be sent to the plenary session and not die in the committee.[43][44] On 25 June 2014, after multiple committee hearings with experts, the Legal Affairs Committee voted 10–6 against same-sex marriage. The vote should have been closer but two members for same-sex marriage missed the vote and where replaced by one substitute member against.[45][46]

On 20 November, the committee voted 9–8 for recommending that the parliament reject same-sex marriage.[47][48] On 28 November 2014, the full session of Parliament by a vote of 92–105 did not accept that recommendation, thereby casting the decisive vote paving the way for the legalisation of same-sex marriage.[49][50] Due to the Parliament not accepting the recommendation, the Grand Committee continued consideration of the initiative on 3 December 2014, voting 17–8 in favour of approving the initiative.[51][52] The initiative was approved 101–90 by the full session at the second reading on 12 December and was signed by the President on 20 February 2015. Because other acts require follow-up changes the new marriage act will not take effect until 1 March 2017. Along with the final vote Parliament also approved a statement requiring next government to prepare these changes in a Government bill during 2015.[53][54][55][56][57]

Between the time that the vote went through on 12 December 2014 and the following midnight on 13 December thousands of Finns resigned from the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland due to comments made by church officials supporting the new legislation.[58]

12 December 2014 vote in the Parliament of Finland[59]
Party Yes No Abstention Not Present Totals
National Coalition Party     26150344
Social Democratic Party     3630241
Finns Party     1350137
Centre Party     6291036
Left Alliance     1200012
Swedish People's Partya     910010
Christian Democrats     06006
Green League     900110
Dissidents from the Left Alliance     20002
Change 2011     01001
Totals1019017b199
a. The Swedish-speaking Finns' parliamentary group consists of nine Swedish People’s Party members and one Independent representing the Autonomous Region of Åland.
b. The Speaker votes only in unusual circumstances, though he or she continues to serve as one of the 200 members of Parliament.

2015–2019 parliamentary term

Following the elections of 19 April 2015, a new, more conservative government was formed consisting of the Centre Party, the Finns Party and the National Coalition Party. Despite a majority of their MPs having voted against same-sex marriage, the government was supposed to introduce legislative changes for the law to take effect. While the majority of the Finns Party were of the opinion that the new marriage law should be repealed, the other two parties generally disagreed. The opposition parties, with the exception of the Christian Democrats, were almost completely in favour of same-sex marriage.[60]

A new citizens' initiative was started on 29 March 2015 aiming to rescind the new marriage law.[61] This new citizen's initiative collected almost 110,000 signatures by 29 September 2015 and was presented to the Parliament on 22 June 2016. On 8 September 2016, the initiative was sent to the Legal Affairs Committee after the plenary debate.[62][63]

On 22 October 2015, the parliament started to debate the legislation to implement the law allowing same-sex marriage in most areas. Minister of Justice Jari Lindström from the Finns Party, who introduced the bill, said he did that despite his personal opposition.[64][65] On 11 December 2015, the Legal Affairs Committee recommended the adoption of the bill with amendments.[66] The bill was approved by the parliament, in a 106-42 vote, on 17 February 2016.[67] It was signed by President on 8 April 2016 and will take effect alongside the law amending the Marriage Act.[68][69]

17 February 2016 vote in the Parliament of Finland[70]
Party Votes for Votes against Absent (Did Not Vote)
Centre Party     
Finns Party     
National Coalition Party      –
Social Democratic Party     
Green League      –
Left Alliance      –
Swedish People's Partya      –
Christian Democrats      – –
Total1064252
a. The Swedish-speaking Finns' parliamentary group consists of nine Swedish People’s Party members and one Independent representing the Autonomous Region of Åland.
b. The Speaker votes only in unusual circumstances, though he or she continues to serve as one of the 200 members of Parliament.

A separate bill to make necessary changes related to social benefits and social and health care services was introduced by the government on 3 November 2016 and awaits approval by the parliament.[71]

Public opinion

The support for same-sex marriage in Finland has grown during the 2000s. A December 2006 EU poll put Finnish support for same-sex marriage at 45%,[72] while an August 2010 survey conducted by Yle, put the support at 54%, with 35% opposing it.[17] In January 2013, a poll conducted by YouGov found that the support had climbed to 57%, with 32% opposed and 12% unsure. In the same survey, support for same-sex adoption was 51%, with 36% opposed and 13% unsure.[73][74] A March 2013 survey by Taloustutkimus found that 58% of Finns supported same-sex marriage,.[75] In March 2014, a follow-up Taloustutkimus survey found a support of 65% with 27% opposing and 8% unsure.[44]

A June 2014 survey showed that among clergy of the state Evangelical Lutheran Church, 44% support a gender-neutral marriage law, while 41% oppose and 15% are neutral. 60% support church blessings for registered couples. 28% say the Church should abandon the legislated duty to perform marriages if a gender-neutral marriage law is introduced.[76]

The 2015 Eurobarometer found that 66% of Finns thought that same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, 28% were against.[77]

Regional significance

Finland was the last Nordic country to introduce same-sex marriage. Although the change has brought it into alignment with its Nordic neighbours, this represents a significant difference of approach to neighbouring Russia, which has historically exercised influence in Finland's affairs and has been hostile to LGBT rights.[78] Finland's introduction of gender-neutral marriage represents a move away from Russian influence and the pursuit of a more independent policy.[78]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Parliament narrowly passes law allowing same-sex registration". Helsingin Sanomat. 28 September 2001. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  2. ↑ "Laki rekisteröidystä parisuhteesta" (in Finnish). FINLEX. Archived from the original on 21 January 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  3. ↑ "Finland allows gay couples to adopt partner's children". PinkNews. 15 May 2009. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  4. ↑ "Laki rekisteröidystä parisuhteesta annetun lain 9 §:n muuttamisesta" (in Finnish). FINLEX. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  5. ↑ "Slim majority of Finnish MPs against same-sex marriage -Poll". Helsinki Times. 11 March 2010. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
  6. ↑ "Homoliitot jakavat eduskunnan". MTV3 (in Finnish). 11 March 2010. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
  7. ↑ "Widespread support within Parliamentary parties for gender-neutral marriage". Helsingin Sanomat. Archived from the original on 10 June 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  8. ↑ Nordal, Erlingur (23 April 2010). "Finnish parliamentary support for gay marriage and adoption rights". IceNews. Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  9. ↑ "NCP's Conflicting Stands on Swedish in Finland". Yle. 13 June 2010. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  10. ↑ "Lehdet: Zyskowicz toppuuttelee sukupuolineutraalia avioliittolakia". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 29 July 2010. Archived from the original on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
  11. ↑ "NCP delegates endorse abolition of mandatory Swedish, gender-neutral marriage". Helsingin Sanomat. 14 June 2010. Archived from the original on 19 August 2010. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  12. ↑ "Rikkaus lisääntyy jakamalla". Left Alliance (in Finnish). 20 June 2010. Archived from the original on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  13. ↑ "Vihreä tehtävä 2010–2014 – poliittinen ohjelma". Green League (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  14. ↑ Huuskonen, Matti (28 June 2010). "Stubb vaati homopareille täyttä adoptio-oikeutta Helsinki Priden avajaisissa". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 19 August 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
  15. ↑ "Gender-Neutral Marriage Law Possible by 2012". Yle. 2 July 2010. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  16. ↑ "Avioliittolaki ja uskonto kuumentavat alkavaa vaalitaistoa". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Helsingin Sanomat. 17 July 2010. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
  17. 1 2 "Survey: Majority Favour Gender Neutral Marriage Law". Yle. 21 August 2010. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  18. ↑ Hämäläinen, Marko; Rokka, Jussi (25 April 2011). "Homoparien ulkopuolinen adoptio jakaa uuden eduskunnan". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Sanoma News. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  19. ↑ "Neuvottelutulos hallitusohjelmasta" (PDF) (in Finnish). Cabinet of Finland. 17 June 2011. Archived from the original (pdf) on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  20. ↑ "Sukupuolineutraalia avioliittolakia ei hallitusohjelmaan". Yle (in Finnish). 17 June 2011. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  21. ↑ "BREAKING NEWS: Multiparty initiative to change marriage legislation to allow same-sex marriages". Helsingin Sanomat. 28 September 2011. Archived from the original on 30 December 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  22. ↑ "NEWS ANALYSIS: Marriage equality issue left over from government formation talks". Helsingin Sanomat. 29 September 2011. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  23. ↑ "Parties propose gender neutral marriage". Yle. 28 September 2011. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  24. ↑ "Marriage equality bill divides Parliament". Helsingin Sanomat. 22 March 2012. Archived from the original on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  25. ↑ Vassinen, Eero (21 March 2012). "Finnish MPs seek to legalize same-sex marriage". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
  26. ↑ "Lakialoite 2/2012 vp" (in Finnish). Parliament of Finland. Archived from the original on 4 March 2013.
  27. 1 2 "Parliamentary committee narrowly blocks same-sex marriage". Yle. 27 February 2013. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  28. ↑ "Committee votes against bill for equal marriage rights". Helsinki Times. 27 February 2013. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  29. ↑ "Tahdon2013" (in Finnish). Tasa-arvoinen Suomi ry. Archived from the original on 8 February 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  30. ↑ Morgan, Joe (1 March 2013). "Finland votes against gay marriage". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on 22 February 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  31. ↑ Toivonen, Terhi (19 March 2013). "Tasa-arvoisen avioliittolain kansalaisaloitteella jo 100 000 nimeä kasassa". Yle (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  32. 1 2 "Kansalaisaloite tasa-arvoisesta avioliittolaista Suomen nykyinen lainsäädäntö asettaa ihmiset eriarvoiseen asemaan. Vain nainen ja mies voivat avioitua keskenään. Rekisteröidyssä parisuhteessa olevilla pareilla on samat velvollisuudet muttei samoja oikeuksia. Tasa-arvoinen avioliittolaki takaisi jokaiselle oikeuden mennä avioliittoon riippumatta puolison sukupuolesta. Näin kaikki parit olisivat lain edessä yhdenvertaisia" (in Finnish). Ministry of Justice of Finland. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  33. ↑ "Citizens' initiatives in Finland". Ministry of Justice of Finland. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  34. ↑ "The Constitution of Finland" (PDF). Ministry of Justice of Finland.
  35. ↑ "Legislative work of Parliament". Parliament of Finland. Archived from the original on 23 April 2015.
  36. ↑ Romero, Rebeca (6 March 2013). "Kannattaako kansalaisaloitteen tekeminen?". Iltalehti (in Finnish). Alma Media. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  37. ↑ Halminen, Laura; Rantanen, Miska (12 March 2013). "Tiitisen puheille kansalaisaloitteesta tyrmäys: "Hän on väärässä"". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Sanoma News. Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  38. ↑ "Parliament mulls how to deal with citizens' initiatives". Yle. 13 March 2013. Archived from the original on 27 October 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  39. ↑ "Kansalaisaloitteelle vastaus kuudessa kuukaudessa". Parliament of Finland. 17 April 2013. Archived from the original on 20 October 2013.
  40. ↑ Potts, Andrew (20 September 2013). "Finland's Parliament to consider gay marriage after popular campaign". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on 24 September 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  41. ↑ Luukka, Teemu; Teivainen, Aleksi (13 December 2013). "Initiative for equal Marriage Act presented to Parliament". Helsinki Times. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  42. ↑ Aro, Jessikka (27 February 2014). "Homoliittojen käsittely eduskunnassa jatkuu – lakivaliokunnalta yksimielinen päätös". Yle (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 7 November 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
  43. ↑ Uusivaara, Terhi (13 March 2014). "Sukupuolineutraalin avioliittolain kannattajat: Ihmisten tarpeeton luokittelu poistettava" [Supporters of gender-neutral marriage act: "People's unnecessary classification has to stop"]. Yle (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 7 November 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  44. 1 2 "Tahdon2013-kysely: Samaa sukupuolta olevien avioliiton kannatus noussut". Yle (in Finnish). 13 March 2014. Archived from the original on 7 November 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
  45. ↑ "Legal committee votes against gay marriage". Yle. 25 June 2014. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016.
  46. ↑ Pohjanpalo, Olli; Rantanen, Annika; Saarikoski, Laura; Teivainen, Aleksi (25 June 2014). "Initiative for equal marriage rights turned down by Legal Affairs Committee". Helsinki Times, Helsingin Sanomat. Archived from the original on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  47. ↑ "MPs to face conscience vote on gay marriage". Yle. 20 November 2014. Archived from the original on 30 January 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  48. ↑ Nieminen, Martta; Teivainen, Aleksi (20 November 2014). "Legal Affairs Committee re-affirms opposition to equal marriage rights". Helsinki Times, Helsingin Sanomat. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
  49. ↑ "Finnish Parliament approves same-sex marriage". Yle. 28 November 2014. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  50. ↑ Rosendahl, Jussi; Ercanbrack, Anna (28 November 2014). "Finland votes to legalise same-sex marriage". Reuters. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  51. ↑ "Stora utskottet sade ja till könsneutral äktenskapslag". Yle (in Swedish). 3 December 2014. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015.
  52. ↑ Nieminen, Martta; Teivainen, Aleksi (3 December 2014). "Grand Committee votes for equal marriage rights". Helsinki Times, Helsingin Sanomat. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
  53. ↑ "Parliament Approves Equal Marriage Rights". Parliament of Finland. 12 December 2014. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  54. ↑ "Second vote approval of gender-neutral marriage bill". Yle. 12 December 2014. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  55. ↑ Nurmi, Eero (12 December 2014). "Eduskunta hyväksyi kansalaisaloitteen avioliittolain muuttamisesta". Yle (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  56. ↑ "President signs gender-neutral marriage law". Yle. 20 February 2015. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016.
  57. ↑ Morgan, Joe (20 February 2015). "Finland president signs gay marriage law - couples will have to wait to get married until 2017". Gay Star News. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  58. ↑ Eroakirkosta.fi - Tänään eronnut 1052 ihmistä klo 11:n mennessä - 2600 jätti kirkon eilen.
  59. ↑ "12 December 2014 marriage bill vote counts in the Parliament of Finland" (in Swedish). 12 December 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  60. ↑ Granholm, Alexander (20 April 2015). "Så här tycker den nya riksdagen". Yle (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  61. ↑ "Kansalaisaloite avioliiton säilyttämisestä aidosti tasa-arvoisena, miehen ja naisen välisenä liittona ja sukupuolineutraalin avioliittolain kumoamisesta. Sukupuolineutraali avioliitto riistää adoptiolapselta mahdollisuuden korvaavaan kokemukseen eri sukupuolta olevista vanhemmista, isästä ja äidistä. Lapsen oikeus olla isän ja äidin hoidettavana ei voi toteutua samaa sukupuolta olevien avioliitossa. Samaa sukupuolta olevien parien oikeudet on huomioitu riittävällä tavalla parisuhdelaissa". Ministry of Justice of Finland (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 26 January 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  62. ↑ "KAA 2/2016 vp" (in Finnish). Parliament of Finland. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  63. ↑ "Parliament debates initiative to deny same-sex couples right to marry". Helsinki Times. 11 September 2016. Archived from the original on 13 September 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  64. ↑ "Justice minister to reluctantly present same-sex marriage legislation". Yle. 22 October 2015. Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  65. ↑ Auvinen, Pirjo (22 October 2015). "Avioliittolaista hurja väittely eduskunnassa: "Ministerit ja kansanedustajat ovat saaneet tehtävänsä Jumalalta"". Yle (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  66. ↑ "Valiokunnan mietintö LaVM 7/2015 vp HE 65/2015 vp". Parliament of Finland (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  67. ↑ "Parliament approves same-sex marriage legislation". Yle. 17 February 2016. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  68. ↑ "All systems go for gender-neutral marriage in 2017". Yle. 8 April 2016. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  69. ↑ "Tasavallan presidentin esittely 8.4.2016" (in Finnish). President of Finland. 8 April 2016. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  70. ↑ "Government proposal to Parliament as some of the Marriage Act amendments as are required legislative amendments (2nd Reading)" (in Finnish). 17 February 2016. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  71. ↑ "HE 232/2016 vp" (in Finnish). Parliament of Finland. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  72. ↑ "Eight EU Countries Back Same-Sex Marriage". Angus Reid Public Opinion. 24 December 2006. Archived from the original on 27 February 2010. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  73. ↑ "Same-Sex Marriage in Europe Poll 2013". YouGov. 1 November 2013. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  74. ↑ "YouGov / EMEA Survey Results" (PDF). YouGov. 1 November 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  75. ↑ "Poll: Over half of Finns favour same-sex marriage law". Yle. 9 March 2013. Archived from the original on 11 January 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  76. ↑ Lång, Linus (26 June 2014). "Många präster stöder könsneutral äktenskapslag". Yle (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 18 February 2016. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  77. ↑ "Special Eurobarometer 437" (PDF). Eurobarometer. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 January 2016.
  78. 1 2 Prindiville, Nicholas. "Same-sex marriage in Finland means standing up to Russia". The Conversation. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
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