Real-life superhero
A real-life superhero (RLSH) is a person who dresses up in a superhero costume or mask in order to perform community service such as neighborhood watch, or in some cases vigilantism.[1][2][3]
Early examples of this type of behaviour are reported from the 1990s, e.g. with Mexico City's "Superbarrio", who in 1997 donned red tights and a red and yellow wrestler's mask in order to organize labour rallies, protest, and file petitions to prevent families from being evicted.[4] A "real-life superhero community" in the sense of an online subculture began to develop in the mid-2000s.[5]
List of notable real-life superheroes
Real-life superheroes wear masks or otherwise disguise themselves in order to perform deeds ranging from community services to deterring crime.[6][7]
Some examples documented in the news media include:
Argentina
- "Menganno" works at the east side of Lanús. He wears blue clothing, a helmet and a shield similar to Captain America's shield, but with the colors of the Flag of Argentina.[8]
Austria
- "Miss Magnetiq" is a superheroine from Linz. She was created by the artist collective qujOchÖ and works as a parody on the Real-life superhero phenomenon. Together with her companions Nickel, Cobalt and Mangan "Miss Magnetiq" tries to prevent the town from catastrophes but always fails.[9][10][11][12]
Australia
- "The Black Rat" is in Sydney.[13][14][15][16]
- "Captain Australia", featured in the mX and then The Courier-Mail[7][17] and on television's A Current Affair[18] is based in the Queensland capital Brisbane. He wears a green and gold suit and mask similar to Captain America with an @ symbol on his chest and a Batman styled utility belt. Police have expressed their preference that Captain Australia not intervene in incidents any more.
- Controversial masked activists "The Fauna Fighters" are a Melbourne-based RLSH duo who use a Golden Age of Comic Books superhero motif as method of publicizing animal-rights issues and supporting various animal-rights groups and charities. The Fauna Fighters (Flying Fox and The Thylacine respectively) have been featured in various publications such as That's Life magazine[19] and The Melbourne City Journal.[20] The Duo's open support of "radical" animal rights group Animal Liberation Front gave them a mixed reaction amongst the RLSH "community", but the Fauna Fighters have continued to use the superhero motif to publicize their cause in a movement they deem Art-ivism, a hybrid of performance art and activism. Their activities include clean ups, patrols, protests/petition drives and volunteer work as well as the promotion of vegetarian/vegan lifestyle. They have been active since early 2012.
Brazil
- Superinteressante magazine posted an article on The Real Life Superheroes "The Eye", "Entomo" (see the Italy section), "Terrifica", "Superhero" and "Superbarrio".[21]
Canada
- The Age described "Anujan Panchadcharam the Polarman" of Iqaluit, Nunavut, whose primary interests are shovelling the snow off sidewalks during the day and patrolling the streets for criminals at night.[22]
- "Ark" of Toronto, Ontario was featured in an article for Postmedia News by Douglas Quan, in November 2011, commenting on his reasons and methods on being a Real Life Superhero.[23]
- "The Crimson Canuck" of Windsor, Ontario, was also featured in the article by Quan,[23] as well as being interviewed on the radio station AM800 by Arms Bumanlag, and was featured in an article in the Toronto Sun.[24]
- "Thanatos" of Vancouver, British Columbia is a person who dresses in a costume and distributes goods and goodwill to the homeless.[25]
- The Katalysts Ontario/ the "Justice Crew of Oshawa" in Oshawa, Ontario is a collection of Durham Region-based individuals who patrol the streets at night, do local litter cleanup, and homeless outreach. Including Aftershock, the founder, Regulus, and the Nameless Crusader.
- The Winter Protector is an inefficient vigilante operating out of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. He has only got one eye due to a fight gone wrong in his earlier years as a "crime fighter". He is currently a lacky in the pretend team P.A.T.R.I.O.T (Primary Anti Terror Regional and International Operations Taskforce).[26]
- "Eclipse" of Cambridge, Ontario, was recently spotted in the Galt and Hespeler area in early 2016, wearing an all black suit. No further information is available at this time.
- "Lightstep" is a masked patroller currently located in Montreal. He is equipped with a bulletproof vest and a bag with first aid kit, needle collection containers, latex gloves, condoms, socks, gloves and hats.[27][28]
China
- "Redbud Woman" is a Chinese real life super hero, that assists with helping the poor and homeless in Beijing, China. She has been spotted many times, wearing a mask, and handing out food to homeless people.[29]
Colombia
- "Super Pan" is a Colombian real life super hero who fights against hunger in poverty areas of Bucaramanga.[30]
Czech Republic
- "Super Vaclav" is a promotional figure for a Czech webhosting company.[31] He purports to combat antisocial behavior of Prague citizens, by pouring buckets of water on individuals smoking near public transport stops. He also assaults dog owners with their own animal's excrement if it is left behind on a lawn.[32]
Finland
- "Dex Laserskater", who has featured in the Finnish magazine Image,[33] has been patrolling the streets of Helsinki since 1997. He has modeled his alter ego after the short lived comicbook hero Skateman. He specializes in guiding tourists, tipping waiters, doormen and street musicians and helping the police.
France
- "Captain Ozone", featured in the French edition of Max magazine,[34] and Koikispass magazine,[35] as well as the German edition of FHM magazine.[36]
Italy
- La Repubblica featured "Entomo The Insect-Man", a masked patroller and activist.[37] In February 2009, Rai 4 filmed a night-time patrol and interview with Entomo at the abandoned Italsider factory in Naples, aired on the TV program Sugo.[38] Following an extensive interview on Il Riformista,[39] Entomo was depicted in major Italian and Spanish newspapers, such as Il Mattino[40] and Panorama.[41]
Liberia
- The only known superhero in Africa is "Lion Heart". Lion Heart has helped saved the lives of many villagers by teaching important but simple things. He has started a grass roots movement in Africa with many people helping out.[42]
Mexico
- CNN covered Mexico City's "Superbarrio", who is a high school dropout who wears red tights and a red and yellow wrestler's mask. He uses his unique image to organize labour rallies, protest, and file petitions to prevent families from being evicted.[4]
Norway
- The December 31, 2009 Norwegian publication, Aftenposten featured an article and photos of Real-Life Superheroes. The article included "Life", "Geist", "The Deaths Head Moth", "Dreizehn", "Entomo" and "Superhero."[43]
Sweden
- "Väktaren" (roughly translated as "The Watchman") patrols the streets of Malmö, and has been featured in various media. The police disagree about his actions.[44][45][46]
United Kingdom
- The British tabloid The Sun ran an article on the country's Real-Life Superheroes, including "The Statesman", "Vague", "Swift", "Black Arrow", "Lionheart" and "Terrorvision".[47][48]
- The BBC reported on "Angle-Grinder Man", a British self-described "wheel-clamp superhero" who claims to use an angle grinder to illegally cut wheel clamps off vehicles which have been clamped in by police and parking officials in Kent and London. Police indicate that they have received no word or complaint of his actions.[49]
- The newspaper This Is Local London featured an article on "SOS" (whose real name is Steve Sale), a UK superhero who crashed the premiere of the film Kick-Ass.[50]
- "Knight Warrior" (whose real name is Roger Hayhurst) is a 19-year-old who wears a costume and attempts to break up fights in the Salford area. His mother has expressed concern for his safety.[51]
- In August 2011, the BBC reported on "Shadow" (real name Ken Andre) who patrols in Yeovil.[52]
- A vigilante, known as the "Bromley Batman", has been seen in action by several witnesses saving people from knife-wielding gangs and muggers in South London.[53] His activities have been reported as far as Cornwall.[54]
United States
Real-life superheroes are notably prevalent in the USA compared to other countries, which may be attributed to the greater popularity of superhero comic books.[55][56][57][58]
- Phoenix Jones is a mixed martial artist who patrols Seattle in a bulletproof vest and stab plating. Initially wearing a ski mask to intervene in a public assault, Jones later developed a full costume and adopted the pseudonym.
- Shadow Hare is a 21-year-old from Milford, Ohio who dresses up like a superhero.[59]
- "Captain Ozone" has starred in ecological television PSA's, made appearances at grade schools and hemp festivals, created a video documentary on environmentalism, and organized a public demonstration for renewable energy.[60]
- "Mr. Xtreme", a security guard who moonlights as a "costumed crime fighter" handing out food and juice in San Diego, California.[61][62]
- "Captain Prospect" and "Sparks".[63]
- "Captain Oyster" aka Liam Davenport[64] describes patrolling his Queens neighborhood looking for late-night crimes to solve through "intimidation and intellectual discourse".
- "Thanatos", "Life" and "Phantom Zero".[65]
- "Crimson Fist" patrols Atlanta twice a month to help those in need.[66][67]
- "Wall Creeper" and "Zen Blade" in Denver.[68]
- "Tothian", "Master Legend", "Captain Prospect", "Geist", "Captain Jackson", "Nyx", and "Michael Brinatte", owner of "Hero-gear.net".[69]
- "The Watchman" and "Moon Dragon" were reported patrolling Milwaukee in 2009.[70]
- "Metro Woman" was a short-lived publicity stunt in 2005 intended to gather support for the Washington purple line metro project.[71]
- "Squeegeeman" and "Captain Xavier Obvious" patrol New York City.[72][73]
- "Terrifica" is a New York City-based woman who patrols bars and parties in an effort to prevent inebriated women from being taken advantage of by men. Since the mid-1990s, Terrifica has donned a mask, blonde wig, red boots and cape, because in her words women "need to be protected from themselves".[74]
- Jack Brinatte, known as "Razorhawk".[75]
- "The Watchman" patrols a city.[76]
- "Geist".[77]
- In 2010, 20-year-old Columbia, Tennessee, resident was stopped by police for patrolling the streets after midnight in a black and green mask and costume. The man referred to himself as "The Viper", and claimed that he was "just a guy trying to do what was right in tights".[78]
- Atlanta husband and wife team "Crimson Fist" and "Metadata" help the homeless in their area.[79][80]
- "Dragonheart" is a bilingual real-life superhero who operates in Miami, Florida.[81]
- Mr. Xtreme, Superhero, Geist, Life, Master Legend, and Insignis.[82]
- Portland has a hero named "Zetaman". The man behind the cape is Illya King, "a married man with no kids."[83]
- "Geist" and "Razorhawk".[84]
Real-life superhero groups
United States
- "Superheroes Anonymous", the first annual gathering of real-life superheroes from all over the United States, who cleaned Times Square, helped the homeless, and handed out crime prevention materials.[85]
- Multiple media outlets have run reports on the "Rain City Superhero Movement," a former group of real life super heroes in Seattle. The group includes "Buster Doe," "No Name," "Troop," "Penelope", and "Phoenix Jones."[86][87]
- The Washington Post reported a story about superheroes "Captain Prospect" and "Justice", members of the "Capital City Super Squad" in Washington DC.[88]
- Central Florida News 13 did a story on "Team Justice", a group of costumed superheroes giving Christmas gifts to the homeless.[89][90]
- The Salt Lake City–based newspaper Salt Lake City Weekly reported on the patrols of "The Black Monday Society" and the superhero identities of its team members "Insignis", "Ghost", "Ha!", and "Silver Dragon".[91] Fox News Salt Lake City ran a story on the team as well.[92]
- The Jibsheet ran an article about a group of 10 "Real Life Superheroes" in Seattle trying to help the homeless prevent their belongings from being stolen by gangs.[93]
- KSTP-TV reported on "Razorhawk", "Geist" and the "Great Lakes Hero Guild" while they patrolled Minneapolis. The segment was re-broadcast nationally on ABC Overnight News.[94]
Police and RLSH
Police response to the actions of real life superheroes is typically negative.[95][96] The police "fear for the safety of these 'superheroes' and argue that sometimes they can get in the way of police work and become a liability".[97] Police have expressed concern that RLSH insert themselves into situations without knowing all the facts and indicate that this is "not a smart thing to do".[3] Police have indicated that super heroes who physically involve themselves in preventing crimes are practicing "vigilantism".[62]
Fictional depictions
While "superheroes" in the strict sense are characters with supernatural powers, superhero fiction depicting vigilantes with no such powers have long been part of the genre, notably with Batman (1939) and Green Arrow (1941). Such characters are known as "costumed crime fighters" or "masked vigilantes", but are often also classed with "superheroes". With the development of the "real-life superhero" community, there have also been more realistic depictions of "masked vigilantes" in fiction, as it were "fictional real-life superheroes".
- The comic book Kick-Ass received a 2010 film adaptation, along with the 2013 sequel;
- Films
- Zebraman (2004)
- Vigilante (2008)
- Defendor (2009)
- Super (2010)
- Crimefighters (2010)
- John Doe: Vigilante (2014)
- Vigilante Diaries (2016)
- Television
- Hill Street Blues (season 2, episodes 25–28: "The World According to Freedom", "Pestolozzi's Revenge", "The Spy Who Came in from Delgado", and "Freedom's Last Stand" (1982))
- Bones (season 1, episode 12 "The Superhero in the Alley" (2006))
- Rookie Blue (season 1, episode 11 "To Serve or Protect" (September 2010))
- Franklin & Bash (season 2, episode 2 "Viper" (June 2011))
- Castle (season 4, episode 2 "Heroes & Villains" (September 2011))
- NCIS (season 9, episode 15 "Secrets" (February 2012))
- Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 13, episode 19 "Street Revenge" (April 2012))
- Perception (season 3, episode 2 "Painless" (June 2014))[98]
- CSI (season 15, episode 15 "Hero to Zero" (January 2015))
- iZombie (season 2, episode 9 "Cape Town" (December 2015))
- Arrow
See also
References
- ↑ "Superheroes: Interview with Michael Barnett". Superheroes. HBO Documentaries. 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ↑ Sweeney, Phil (2011-10-23). "Head to Head: Is vigilante justice acceptable outside of comic books? - Opinion -". Louisiana State University: The Daily Reveille. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- 1 2 "Superhero Phoenix Jones: 'I'll keep Seattle safe'". BBC News. 2011-10-14.
- 1 2 Defender of justice Superbarrio roams Mexico City, CNN. Published July 19, 1997.
- ↑ "World Superhero Registry" (2006), internet archive link; "Real Life Superhero Project" (2010), internet archive link.
- ↑ "Defender of justice Superbarrio roams Mexico City". CNN. 1997-07-19. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- 1 2 Templeton, Anthony (March 4, 2011). "Captain Australia is Queensland's first superhero, and has vowed to clean up the streets of Brisbane". The Courier-Mail. Brisbane. mX. Retrieved June 14, 2012.
- ↑ Menganno: el "superhéroe" de Lanús Este (Spanish)
- ↑ "Miss Magnetiq. A new superheroine is born ... - qujOchÖ". 17 September 2014.
- ↑ "Neue Helden braucht die Stadt".
- ↑ Austria, Regionalmedien. "E-Paper Stadtrundschau Linz - Ausgabe 39/2014".
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-07-13. Retrieved 2015-07-11.
- ↑ Daily Telegraph
- ↑
- ↑ "Sydney's got a new superhero – The Black Rat". Yahoo! News 7. June 20, 2013.
- ↑ Alex McKinnon (10 November 2014). "Sydney Has Another Real-Life Vigilante Superhero And He'll Totally Kick Your Ass". Junkee.
- ↑ "Brisbane's Captain Australia now looking for a sidekick to fight crime". Courier Mail. 2011-03-07. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ↑ "Captain Australia". Aca.ninemsn.com.au. 2011-03-09. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ↑ "Real-Life-Stories Caped-Crusaders". Thats Life. 2012-03-04. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
- ↑ "Is It A Bird, Is It A plane...". Melbourne City Journal. 2012-05-22. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
- ↑ "Super-homens - Superinteressante". Super.abril.com.br. 2010-06-28. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
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- 1 2 Quan, Douglas (November 26, 2011). "Crusaders among us". Leader-Post. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- ↑ Dickinson, Kirk (October 21, 2012). "Hometown Hero: Windsor's masked hero". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 23 May 2013. as well as other local publications, university newspapers, and local Cogeco TV's Comic Book Syndicate and MTV Canada.
- ↑ Sunny Dhillon (2011-07-14). "Real life superhero takes to Vancouver's streets". Toronto: The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ↑ Jordan, Mathew (October 13, 2013). "'Heroes' jump from fiction to reality". The Chronicle. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- ↑ Jung, Delphine. "Un superhéros veille sur Montréal". journaldemontreal.com.
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- ↑ "Chinese Redbud Woman - China's Real Life Superhero". Oddity Central. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ↑ Vanguardia. "Super Pan -". Vanguardia. Retrieved 2015-09-04.
- ↑ SuperVaclavVidea. "Kazma VS SuperVáclav - První otevřená zpověď o celé akci!". YouTube. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ↑ "Meet SuperVaclav Czech Masked SuperHero". YouTube. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ↑ Kartastenpää, Tero. Laserskater – Yön ritari, Image. (Finnish) 12/2010.
- ↑ Lacote, Pierre (April 2005). "Fight Zone 07".
- ↑ "Koikispass Nevers N°74". Issuu.com. 2010-12-02. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
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- ↑ Perilli, Benedetta. Sul web, in lotta contro il crimine sono i supereroi della vita reale, La Repubblica. (Italian) Published December 31, 2008. Retrieved January 15, 2009.
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- ↑ Ciavatta, Stefano. Super Entomo, l'eroe di Napoli e le sue ronde Archived May 6, 2010, at the Wayback Machine., Il Riformista. (Italian) Published March 15, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2009.
- ↑ Entomo, supereroe napoletano, Il Mattino. (Italian) Published March 16, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2009.
- ↑ Sicurezza in città: a Napoli invece delle ronde c'è Entomo il supereroe Archived March 22, 2009, at the Wayback Machine., Panorama. (Italian) Published March 16, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2009.
- ↑ "Water for Africa | The Real Life Super Hero Project". Reallifesuperheroes.com. 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ↑ Skau, Minna (2009-12-31). "Virkelighetens superhelter".
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- ↑ Pollard, Chris (March 3, 2011). "16 superheroes on streets of Britain". The Sun. London.
- ↑ Daily Mail Reporter (21 February 2011). "Britain Gets Its Own Kick Ass: Banker Turns into Superhero The Statesman at Night to Fight Crime". Daily Mail. London. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
- ↑ "'Superhero' takes on clampers". BBC News. 2003-09-16.
- ↑ "Sutton superhero gatecrashes Kick-Ass film premiere". This Is Local London. 2010-04-01. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ↑ Attewill, Fred (July 28, 2011). "Caped crusader Roger Hayhurst's antics worry his mum". metro.co.uk. Retrieved June 14, 2012.
- ↑ Rogers, Clinton (2011-08-26). "'Ninja' patrols streets of Yeovil". BBC News.
- ↑ Sims, Alexandra (12 June 2015). "Who Is the 'Bromley Batman'? Rumours of South London's Very Own Superhero Are Sparked by Eyewitness Accounts". The Independent. UK. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
- ↑ Ward, Victoria (August 13, 2015). "'Bromley Batman' Pops Up in Cornwall to Save Man from Attack". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
- ↑ "Costumed crusaders taking it to the streets - US news - Giving - msnbc.com". MSNBC. 2011-02-14. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ↑ "News - Nationwide Phenomenon: Real-Life Superheroes Fighting Crime". InsideEdition.com. 2011-02-16. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ↑ "¡A luchar por la justicia!, Articulo Impreso Archivado". Semana.com. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ↑ "Group Dresses As Superheroes To Combat Crime - NewsOn6.com - Tulsa, OK - News, Weather, Video and Sports - KOTV.com |". NewsOn6.com. 2010-12-16. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ↑ flack, eric (2009-04-27). "Cincinnati Superhero Patrols Streets Fighting Crime". Archived from the original on 2011-01-07.
- ↑ Merchant, Brian. Climate Change? This Looks Like a Job for Captain Ozone, Environmental Hero. TreeHugger. Published September 28, 2008.
- ↑ Davis, Kristina (2009-01-17). "Homemade heroes offer low-level law enforcement".
- 1 2 "Cops not fans of real-life superheroes". United Press International. January 18, 2009. Retrieved June 14, 2012.
- ↑ Kowal, Rachel (2009-01-02). "Street Superheroes". Archived from the original on August 30, 2009.
- ↑ SiriusXM (2011-10-01). "MrOyster Liam Davenport". Archived from the original on 2012-11-12.
- ↑ Mick, Hayley (2009-01-03). "Capeless Crusaders". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Archived from the original on 2009-01-30.
- ↑ Pratt, Kaitlyn (October 2013). "Atlanta's Superhero Helps Homeless". Archived from the original on 2015-02-07. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
- ↑ CBS News Atlanta (2009-02-09). "Atlanta's Superhero Helps Homeless". Archived from the original on February 11, 2009.
- ↑ Warner, Joel (2009-03-11). "The astounding adventures of the Wall Creeper, Colorado's own superhero".
- ↑ "MSN.com - Hotmail, Outlook, Skype, Bing, Latest News, Photos & Videos". Archived from the original on 2008-08-08.
- ↑ Krulo, Tea (September 28, 2009). "Everyday Heroes". Milwaukee Magazine. Retrieved June 14, 2012.
- ↑ Miller, Mitchell. 'Metro Woman' Enlisted to Help Purple Line, WTOP-FM. Published April 6, 2005.
- ↑ ABC's Nightline news program interview
- ↑ Look Up in the Sky..., ABC News. Published June 15, 2007.
- ↑ Robinson, Bryan. Meet the Sex in the City Superhero, ABC News. Published November 5, 2002.
- ↑ Meet Razorhawk, Fox News. Published December 30, 2008.
- ↑ "Real-life superheroes on the streets in your neighborhood". Fox6now.com. 2009-11-18. Archived from the original on 2011-10-06. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ↑ Williams, Owen (2010-05-10). "The Real Kick-Ass".
- ↑ RoboPanda. "Real Life Kick-Ass Prefers To Be Called The Viper". Gammasquad.uproxx.com. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ↑ "Atlanta Deals". The Sunday Paper. Archived from the original on August 16, 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ↑ "Man, Wife Dress as Superheroes to Patrol Atlanta". Chattanooga Times Free Press. Associated Press. June 10, 2013. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
- ↑ "Hêroes de carne y hueso | video player | Al Rojo Vivo | Telemundo". Msnlatino.telemundo.com. 2008-08-23. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ↑ Nurit ZungerPhotographs by Peter Tangen (2011-08-04). "Seven Real-Life Superheroes: Newsmakers". GQ. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
- ↑ James Pitkin (March 5, 2008). "The Adventures of Zetaman". Willamette Week. Archived from the original on 2013-06-06.
- ↑ Strickler, Jeff (2013-10-19). "Real-life superheroes fight injustice with flair".
- ↑ Lee, Trymaine. Dressed for Halloween? No, to Clean Up Times Sq., The New York Times. Published October 29, 2007. Retrieved January 24, 2009.
- ↑ "Perez Hilton - Hollywood's Hottest Celebrity Gossip".
- ↑ Duecy, Luke (2010-11-25). "A night with Seattle's superheroes". KOMO News. Retrieved 2016-07-21.
- ↑ Schrank, Delphine. Public Service With a Side of Spandex, The Washington Post. Published November 23, 2007.
- ↑ Masked Heroes Give Gifts To Homeless Archived December 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine., Central Florida News 13. Published December 26, 2007.
- ↑ Superheroes Bring Christmas Cheer To Kids, Central Florida News 13. Published December 26, 2008.
- ↑ Constant, Paul (May 1, 2008). "SLC Superheroes: The Black Monday Society keeps an eye out for street crime so you don't have to". Salt Lake City Weekly. Archived from the original on May 6, 2008.
- ↑ The Black Monday Society Archived September 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., KSTU Fox News. Published April 10, 2008.
- ↑ "News » Homeless in Seattle: a struggle on the streets". The Jibsheet. 2011-02-14. Retrieved 2011-10-28.
- ↑ O'Connel, Chris & Muehlhausen, Nicole (2009-03-25). "Meet real life Twin Cities super heroes". Archived from the original on 2009-03-30.
- ↑ Templeton, Anthony (March 4, 2011). "Captain Australia is Queensland's first superhero, and has vowed to clean up the streets of Brisbane". The Courier-Mail. Brisbane. mX. Retrieved June 14, 2012.
We would prefer that Captain Australia didn't intervene in incidents
- ↑ Flock, Elizabeth (October 19, 2011). "Real-life superhero movement growing, but not getting warm reception from police". Real Life Superheroes.org. Retrieved June 14, 2012.
- ↑ Chowdhry, Affan (November 16, 2011). "Who are these real life superheroes?". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Retrieved June 14, 2012.
- ↑ Carter, R. J. (23 June 2014). "Sex Offenders and Superheroes Feature in TNT Perception Episode". The Trades. Archived from the original on 25 July 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2014.