Raymond E. Baldwin

Raymond E. Baldwin
72nd & 74th Governor of Connecticut
In office January 4, 1939 – January 8, 1941 January 6, 1943 – December 27, 1946
Lieutenant	James L. McConaughy William L. Hadden Wilbert Snow
Preceded by	Wilbur Lucius Cross (1939) Robert A. Hurley (1943)
Succeeded by	Robert A. Hurley (1941) Wilbert Snow (1946)
United States Senator from Connecticut
In office December 27, 1946 – December 16, 1949
Preceded by	Thomas C. Hart
Succeeded by	William Benton
Member of the Connecticut House of Representatives
In office 1931-1933
Personal details
Born	Raymond Earl Baldwin (1893-08-31)August 31, 1893 Rye, New York
Died	October 4, 1986(1986-10-04) (aged 93) Fairfield, Connecticut
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Edith Lindholm Baldwin
Children	Lucian Earl Baldwin, Raymond Baldwin Jr. Tyler Baldwin
Alma mater	Wesleyan University Yale University
Profession	lawyer, politician, judge
Religion	Episcopalian
Military service
Service/branch	United States Navy
Years of service	1918-1919
Rank	Lieutenant (Junior Grade)
Battles/wars	World War I

Raymond Earl Baldwin (August 31, 1893 – October 4, 1986) was a United States Senator, the 72nd and 74th Governor of Connecticut. Baldwin, a conservative Republican, was elected governor of Connecticut in 1938 during a Republican landslide. He promised a balanced budget, government aid to private business, and lower taxes. He sharply cut the state budget, producing a million dollars surplus. He was defeated for reelection in 1940, but was elected governor again in 1942 and 1944. He supervised a complex system of civil defense and statewide services on the homefront during the war. He planned an elaborate program to deal with the postwar reconversion of Connecticut's many warplane and munitions plants. He was elected to the Senate in the Republican landslide of 1946. As a spokesman for the small businesses of America, he compiled a conservative record in favor of less regulation, except for more regulation of labor unions through the Taft-Harley Act. As chairman of a subcommittee of the Armed Services committee, Baldwin engaged in a long-running dispute with Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy, McCarthy alleged that Baldwin was whitewashing a shameful episode in which Army prosecutors in 1944 gained the death penalty for German soldiers accused of massacring Americans at the Malmedy Massacre. Exhausted by the highly publicized controversy, Baldwin resigned from the Senate in December 1949 to become a state judge.^[1]

Early life

Baldwin was born in 1903 in Rye, New York, the son of Sarah Emily (Tyler) and Lucian Earl Baldwin. He moved to Middletown, Connecticut, and attended public schools. He graduated from Wesleyan University in Middletown in 1916, and entered Yale University. However, upon the declaration of war, he enlisted in the United States Navy. He was assigned to officers' training school and was commissioned an ensign in February 1918, and promoted to lieutenant (j.g.) in September 1918. He resigned from the Navy in August 1919 and returned to Yale Law School, graduating in 1921. He was admitted to the bar in 1921 and practiced in New Haven and Bridgeport. He married Edith Lindholm on June 29, 1922, and they had three sons.^[2]

Career

Baldwin was prosecutor of the Stratford Town Court from 1927 to 1930, and was judge of that court from 1931 to 1933. He was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives from 1931 to 1933, serving as majority leader in 1933. He resumed the practice of law from 1933 to 1938, and was town chairman of Stratford from 1935 to 1937.

Baldwin was Governor of Connecticut in 1939 and 1940, and the first governor to use the Governor's Mansion located on Prospect Avenue in Hartford.^[3] He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the office in 1940. An early supporter of Wendell Willkie, he saw to it that the Connecticut delegation at the 1940 Republican Convention, would back Wilkie which was crucial to beat frontrunners Thomas Dewey, Robert A. Taft and Arthur Vandenberg. Willkie had unofficially promised Baldwin the spot as his running mate, but party leaders pressured Willikie to name Charles McNary instead, and Baldwin graciously stepped aside from contention. He was also a delegate in 1944 and 1948.^[4]

Again elected Governor in 1942 and 1944, Baldwin served until his resignation on December 27, 1946. During his tenure, he eliminated the state deficit without raising taxes; initiated a job-training program; created an inter-racial commission, and reformed the minor court system. Also instituted were a Connecticut Veterans Advisory and Reemployment Commission; and a labor management council.^[5] He was elected United States Senator as a Republican on November 5, 1946, to fill the vacancy in the term ending January 3, 1947, caused by the death of Francis T. Maloney. At the same time he was elected for the term commencing January 3, 1947, and served from December 27, 1946, until his resignation on December 16, 1949.^[6]

From 1949 to 1959 Baldwin was an associate justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court of Errors (now the Supreme Court of Connecticut); was appointed chief justice in 1959 and served until his retirement in 1963. He was chairman of the Connecticut Constitutional Convention in 1965.

Death

Baldwin died in Fairfield, Connecticut on October 4, 1986, (age 93 years, 34 days). He is interred at Indian Hill Cemetery, Middletown, Connecticut.^[7]

A member of the Connecticut State Library Committee and its successor, the State Library Board, from 1957 to 1982; Baldwin served as its chair for many years. In tribute to his service, the board renamed the State Library's museum the Raymond E. Baldwin Museum of Connecticut History in 1983. The Baldwin Bridge that carries the Connecticut Turnpike (Rt. 95) from Old Lyme to Old Saybrook is also named for him. The Middlesex Judicial District court house in Middletown as well as the Baldwin Center, a senior citizens center in Stratford are named in his honor.

References

Further reading

• Curtiss S. Johnson. Raymond E. Baldwin: Connecticut Statesman (Chester, Connecticut, 1972)
• Eleonora W. Schoenebaum, ed. Political Profiles: The Truman Years (1978) pp 18–19

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Raymond E. Baldwin.

• NNDB Soylent Communications
• Find A Grave
• Govtrack US Congress
• The Political Graveyard
• National Governors Association
• Connecticut State Library

• United States Congress. "Raymond E. Baldwin (id: B000095)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 

Governors of Connecticut
Trumbull Sr. M. Griswold Huntington Wolcott Sr. Trumbull Jr. Treadwall R. Griswold Smith Wolcott Jr. Tomlinson Peters Edwards Foot Edwards Ellsworth Cleveland R. S. Baldwin Toucey Bissell J. Trumbull Seymour Pond Dutton Minor Holley Buckingham Hawley English Jewell English Jewell Ingersoll Hubbard Andrews Bigelow Waller Harrison P. Lounsbury Bulkeley Morris Coffin Cooke G. Lounsbury McLean Chamberlain Roberts Woodruff Lilley Weeks S. Baldwin Holcomb Lake Templeton Bingham J. H. Trumbull Cross R. E. Baldwin Hurley R. E. Baldwin Snow McConaughy Shannon Bowles Lodge Ribicoff Dempsey Meskill Grasso O'Neill Weicker Rowland Rell Malloy

United States Senators from Connecticut
Class 1	Ellsworth Hillhouse Dana Boardman Edwards Foot N. Smith Niles Betts Huntington R. S. Baldwin Toucey Dixon Buckingham Eaton Hawley Bulkeley McLean Walcott Maloney Hart R. E. Baldwin Benton Purtell T. Dodd Weicker Lieberman Murphy
Class 3	Johnson Sherman Mitchell Trumbull Tracy Goodrich Daggett Lanman Willey Tomlinson P. Smith Niles T. Smith Gillette Foster Ferry English Barnum Platt Brandegee Bingham Lonergan Danaher McMahon Purtell Bush Ribicoff C. Dodd Blumenthal